Claim profile
1860–1869

The 1860s

Whose names filled the books of the 1860s — anyone at all, however long dead — counted as mentions per million words printed, so a period that simply published more does not inflate anyone.

Talked about then

Whose names appeared most in Italian books during the 1860s — whenever they lived.

In books written inEnglish12,501German2,977French2,875Italian1,586Spanish946Russian176Hebrew81
  1. 1GiottoGiotto1267–1337 · 14th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists4.9
  2. 2Dante AlighieriDante Alighieri1265–1321 · 14th century · Writers4.1
  3. 3Antonio da CorreggioAntonio da Correggio1489–1534 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists3.5
  4. 4Cesare BalboCesare Balbo1789–1853 · 19th century · Politicians2.2
  5. 5Andrea DoriaAndrea Doria1466–1560 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians2.0
  6. 6Torquato TassoTorquato Tasso1544–1595 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers2.0
  7. 7Vincenzo GiobertiVincenzo Gioberti1801–1852 · 19th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Academics1.9
  8. 8Giuseppe MazziniGiuseppe Mazzini1805–1872 · 19th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Activists1.9
  9. 9Charles BorromeoCharles Borromeo1538–1584 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Religious Figures1.9
  10. 10Lorenzo de' MediciLorenzo de' Medici1449–1492 · 15th century · Politicians1.9
  11. 11Ugo FoscoloUgo Foscolo1778–1827 · 19th century · Writers1.8
  12. 12Massimo d'AzeglioMassimo d'Azeglio1798–1866 · 19th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians1.7
  13. 13Pietro PeruginoPietro Perugino1448–1523 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists1.7
  14. 14Donato BramanteDonato Bramante1444–1514 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Architects1.7
  15. 15Marco PoloMarco Polo1254–1324 · 13th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians1.5
  16. 16CaravaggioCaravaggio1571–1610 · 17th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists1.4
  17. 17Philip NeriPhilip Neri1515–1595 · 16th century · Religious Figures1.3
  18. 18Leonardo da VinciLeonardo da Vinci1452–1519 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists1.3
  19. 19Paul the DeaconPaul the Deacon720–799 · 8th century · Writers1.3
  20. 20Cesare CantùCesare Cantù1804–1895 · 19th century · Writers1.2
  21. 21Silvio PellicoSilvio Pellico1789–1854 · 19th century · Writers1.2
  22. 22Vittorio AlfieriVittorio Alfieri1749–1803 · 18th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Historical Figures1.2
  23. 23PetrarchPetrarch1304–1374 · 14th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Academics1.2
  24. 24TintorettoTintoretto1519–1594 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists1.2
  25. 25Girolamo SavonarolaGirolamo Savonarola1452–1498 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians1.2
  26. 26Dino CompagniDino Compagni1255–1324 · 13th century · Writers1.2
  27. 27CimabueCimabue1240–1302 · 13th century · Artists1.1
  28. 28Alessandro ManzoniAlessandro Manzoni1785–1873 · 19th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers1.1
  29. 29DonatelloDonatello1386–1466 · 15th century · Artists1.1
  30. 30Francis of AssisiFrancis of Assisi1182–1226 · 13th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers1.1
  31. 31Giordano BrunoGiordano Bruno1548–1600 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Academics1.1
  32. 32Cesare BorgiaCesare Borgia1475–1507 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Historical Figures1.1
  33. 33Cosimo de' MediciCosimo de' Medici1389–1464 · 15th century · Politicians1.0
  34. 34Bettino RicasoliBettino Ricasoli1809–1880 · 19th century · Politicians1.0
  35. 35DomenichinoDomenichino1581–1641 · 17th century · Artists1.0
  36. 36GuercinoGuercino1591–1666 · 17th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists1.0
  37. 37Paolo SarpiPaolo Sarpi1552–1623 · 16th century · Academics0.96
  38. 38Francesco GuicciardiniFrancesco Guicciardini1483–1540 · 16th century · Writers0.91
  39. 39Filippo Maria ViscontiFilippo Maria Visconti1392–1447 · 15th century · Politicians0.91
  40. 40Giulio RomanoGiulio Romano1499–1546 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.90
  41. 41Guido CavalcantiGuido Cavalcanti1258–1300 · 13th century · Writers0.88
  42. 42Pietro AretinoPietro Aretino1492–1556 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.86
  43. 43Benvenuto CelliniBenvenuto Cellini1500–1571 · 16th century · Artists0.83
  44. 44Catherine de' MediciCatherine de' Medici1519–1589 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures0.83
  45. 45MasaccioMasaccio1401–1428 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.81
  46. 46Giacomo LeopardiGiacomo Leopardi1798–1837 · 19th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.81
  47. 47Urbano RattazziUrbano Rattazzi1808–1873 · 19th century · Politicians0.80
  48. 48Galileo GalileiGalileo Galilei1564–1642 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Scientists0.80
  49. 49Apostolo ZenoApostolo Zeno1668–1750 · 18th century · Writers0.80
  50. 50Aloysius GonzagaAloysius Gonzaga1568–1591 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Religious Figures0.76
  51. 51Felice OrsiniFelice Orsini1819–1858 · 19th century · Writers0.75
  52. 52Andrea del SartoAndrea del Sarto1486–1530 · 16th century · Artists0.74
  53. 53Niccolò MachiavelliNiccolò Machiavelli1469–1527 · 16th century · Politicians0.73
  54. 54Paolo VeronesePaolo Veronese1528–1588 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.70
  55. 55Guido ReniGuido Reni1575–1642 · 17th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.70
  56. 56Giuseppe GiustiGiuseppe Giusti1809–1850 · 19th century · Writers0.68
  57. 57Giovanni BoccaccioGiovanni Boccaccio1313–1375 · 14th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.67
  58. 58Francesca da RiminiFrancesca da Rimini1259–1285 · 13th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.65
  59. 59Lucrezia BorgiaLucrezia Borgia1480–1519 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Historical Figures0.61
  60. 60Salvator RosaSalvator Rosa1615–1673 · 17th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.60
  61. 61Pietro VerriPietro Verri1728–1797 · 18th century · Academics0.59
  62. 62Franco SacchettiFranco Sacchetti1332–1400 · 14th century · Writers0.59
  63. 63Vittoria ColonnaVittoria Colonna1492–1547 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.58
  64. 64Prospero ColonnaProspero Colonna1452–1523 · 15th century0.58
  65. 65Alessandro CagliostroAlessandro Cagliostro1743–1795 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors0.58
  66. 66Bernardino of SienaBernardino of Siena1380–1444 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Academics0.58
  67. 67Baldassare FranceschiniBaldassare Franceschini1611–1690 · 17th century · Artists0.55
  68. 68Francesco GonzagaFrancesco Gonzaga1444–1483 · 15th century0.55
  69. 69Giorgio VasariGiorgio Vasari1511–1574 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.55
  70. 70Francesco Scipione, marchese di MaffeiFrancesco Scipione, marchese di Maffei1675–1755 · 18th century · Writers0.53
  71. 71Benedetto VarchiBenedetto Varchi1503–1565 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.53
  72. 72Francesco RediFrancesco Redi1626–1697 · 17th century · Doctors0.52
  73. 73Pope Clement VIIPope Clement VII1478–1534 · 16th century · Religious Figures0.52
  74. 74Antonio RosminiAntonio Rosmini1797–1855 · 19th century · Academics0.52
  75. 75Pietro BemboPietro Bembo1470–1547 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Religious Figures0.52
  76. 76Marsilio FicinoMarsilio Ficino1433–1499 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Academics0.50
  77. 77Paolo GiovioPaolo Giovio1483–1552 · 16th century · Writers0.49
  78. 78Teodato IpatoTeodato Ipato750–800 · 8th century · Politicians0.49
  79. 79Niccolò TommaseoNiccolò Tommaseo1802–1874 · 19th century · Academics0.49
  80. 80Marco MinghettiMarco Minghetti1818–1886 · 19th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians0.47
  81. 81AMAldus Manutius the Younger1547–1597 · 16th century0.46
  82. 82Aldus ManutiusAldus Manutius1449–1515 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy0.46
  83. 83MVMatteo Villani1283–1363 · 14th century · Writers0.46
  84. 84Pietro LombardoPietro Lombardo1435–1515 · 15th century · Artists0.46
  85. 85Ottavio FarneseOttavio Farnese1524–1586 · 16th century · Politicians0.45
  86. 86Filippo VillaniFilippo Villani1325–1407 · 14th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.45
  87. 87Bernardo TassoBernardo Tasso1493–1569 · 16th century · Writers0.44
  88. 88Scipione AmmiratoScipione Ammirato1531–1601 · 16th century · Writers0.43
  89. 89Giuliano de' MediciGiuliano de' Medici1453–1478 · 15th century · Politicians0.43
  90. 90Pietro GiannonePietro Giannone1676–1748 · 18th century · Academics0.41
  91. 91Luigi AlamanniLuigi Alamanni1495–1556 · 16th century · Writers0.41
  92. 92MichelangeloMichelangelo1475–1564 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.41
  93. 93Francesco FoscariFrancesco Foscari1373–1457 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians0.40
  94. 94Cesare BeccariaCesare Beccaria1738–1794 · 18th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Academics0.40
  95. 95Federico BorromeoFederico Borromeo1564–1631 · 16th century · Religious Figures0.40
  96. 96Andrea DandoloAndrea Dandolo1306–1354 · 14th century · Politicians0.40
  97. 97Leon Battista AlbertiLeon Battista Alberti1404–1472 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Architects0.39
  98. 98Pope Leo XPope Leo X1475–1521 · 16th century · Religious Figures0.38
  99. 99Giambattista VicoGiambattista Vico1668–1744 · 18th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Academics0.37
  100. 100Antonio CanovaAntonio Canova1757–1822 · 18th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.37

Lived then

The most notable people whose working lives fell in the 1860s, ranked where Wikipedia coverage and readership agree.

  1. 1Leo TolstoyLeo Tolstoy1828–1910 · Writers18 decades
  2. 2Jules VerneJules Verne1828–1905 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers16 decades
  3. 3Dmitri MendeleevDmitri Mendeleev1834–1907 · Scientists11 decades
  4. 4James A. GarfieldJames A. Garfield1831–1881 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians16 decades
  5. 5Alfred NobelAlfred Nobel1833–1896 · 🇸🇪 Sweden · Scientists13 decades
  6. 6Johannes BrahmsJohannes Brahms1833–1897 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Musicians17 decades
  7. 7Franz Joseph I of AustriaFranz Joseph I of Austria1830–1916 · 🇦🇹 Austria · Historical Figures18 decades
  8. 8Gustave EiffelGustave Eiffel1832–1923 · 🇫🇷 France · Scientists10 decades
  9. 9Lewis CarrollLewis Carroll1832–1898 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers16 decades
  10. 10Porfirio DíazPorfirio Díaz1830–1915 · 🇲🇽 Mexico · Politicians16 decades
  11. 11Emily DickinsonEmily Dickinson1830–1886 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers13 decades
  12. 12Édouard ManetÉdouard Manet1832–1883 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists15 decades
  13. 13Isabella II of SpainIsabella II of Spain1830–1904 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Models11 decades
  14. 14Johann Strauss IIJohann Strauss II1825–1899 · 🇦🇹 Austria · Musicians16 decades
  15. 15Henrik IbsenHenrik Ibsen1828–1906 · 🇳🇴 Norway · Writers14 decades
  16. 16Chester A. ArthurChester A. Arthur1829–1886 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians15 decades
  17. 17Sitting BullSitting Bull1831–1890 · 🇺🇸 United States15 decades
  18. 18Edgar DegasEdgar Degas1834–1917 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists11 decades
  19. 19Frederick III, German EmperorFrederick III, German Emperor1831–1888 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians19 decades
  20. 20Henry DunantHenry Dunant1828–1910 · 🇨🇭 Switzerland · Founders13 decades
  21. 21James Clerk MaxwellJames Clerk Maxwell1831–1879 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Scientists14 decades
  22. 22Maximilian I of MexicoMaximilian I of Mexico1832–1867 · 🇦🇹 Austria · Politicians19 decades
  23. 23Alexander BorodinAlexander Borodin1833–1887 · Musicians8 decades
  24. 24Frédéric MistralFrédéric Mistral1830–1914 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers17 decades
  25. 25Mikhail Saltykov-ShchedrinMikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin1826–1889 · Writers10 decades
  26. 26GeronimoGeronimo1829–1909 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actorsnot measured—
  27. 27Camille PissarroCamille Pissarro1830–1903 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists13 decades
  28. 28Ernst HaeckelErnst Haeckel1834–1919 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Scientists16 decades
  29. 29Louise MichelLouise Michel1830–1905 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers15 decades
  30. 30Carlo CollodiCarlo Collodi1826–1890 · Writers8 decades
  31. 31Nikolay ChernyshevskyNikolay Chernyshevsky1828–1889 · Writers11 decades
  32. 32Bernhard RiemannBernhard Riemann1826–1866 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics12 decades
  33. 33Louisa May AlcottLouisa May Alcott1832–1888 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers14 decades
  34. 34Helena BlavatskyHelena Blavatsky1831–1891 · Writers2 decades
  35. 35Gustave DoréGustave Doré1832–1883 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists17 decades
  36. 36Benjamin HarrisonBenjamin Harrison1833–1901 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians19 decades
  37. 37Wilhelm BuschWilhelm Busch1832–1908 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Artists15 decades
  38. 38William MorrisWilliam Morris1834–1896 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Artists19 decades
  39. 39Ivan ShishkinIvan Shishkin1831–1898 · Artists9 decades
  40. 40Gottlieb DaimlerGottlieb Daimler1834–1900 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Scientists11 decades
  41. 41Pedro II of BrazilPedro II of Brazil1825–1891 · 🇧🇷 Brazil · Historical Figures0 decades
  42. 42Nikolai LeskovNikolai Leskov1831–1895 · Writers13 decades
  43. 43Levi StraussLevi Strauss1829–1902 · 🇺🇸 United States · Founders11 decades
  44. 44George BooleGeorge Boole1855–1864 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Academics9 decades
  45. 45John Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes Booth1838–1865 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors16 decades
  46. 46Wilhelm WundtWilhelm Wundt1832–1920 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics15 decades
  47. 47Thomas Henry HuxleyThomas Henry Huxley1825–1895 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Scientists16 decades
  48. 48Johanna SpyriJohanna Spyri1827–1901 · 🇨🇭 Switzerland · Writers11 decades
  49. 49Eugénie de MontijoEugénie de Montijo1826–1920 · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures17 decades
  50. 50Hippolyte TaineHippolyte Taine1828–1893 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers13 decades
  51. 51Ferdinand LassalleFerdinand Lassalle1825–1864 · Writers16 decades
  52. 52Jean-Martin CharcotJean-Martin Charcot1825–1893 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors4 decades
  53. 53Dante Gabriel RossettiDante Gabriel Rossetti1828–1882 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers15 decades
  54. 54AbdülazizAbdülaziz1830–1876 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Musiciansnot measured—
  55. 55Frédéric Auguste BartholdiFrédéric Auguste Bartholdi1834–1904 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists4 decades
  56. 56Oscar II of SwedenOscar II of Sweden1829–1907 · 🇸🇪 Sweden · Historical Figures0 decades
  57. 57Anton RubinsteinAnton Rubinstein1829–1894 · Musicians15 decades
  58. 58William-Adolphe BouguereauWilliam-Adolphe Bouguereau1825–1905 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists5 decades
  59. 59Charles XV of SwedenCharles XV of Sweden1826–1872 · 🇸🇪 Sweden · Historical Figures0 decades
  60. 60James Abbott McNeill WhistlerJames Abbott McNeill Whistler1834–1903 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists12 decades
  61. 61Paul KrugerPaul Kruger1825–1904 · Politicians14 decades
  62. 62Arnold BöcklinArnold Böcklin1827–1901 · 🇨🇭 Switzerland · Artists14 decades
  63. 63Jules FerryJules Ferry1832–1893 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians16 decades
  64. 64Joseph ListerJoseph Lister1827–1912 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Doctors18 decades
  65. 65Gustave MoreauGustave Moreau1826–1898 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists16 decades
  66. 66Eadweard MuybridgeEadweard Muybridge1830–1904 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Artists7 decades
  67. 67John Everett MillaisJohn Everett Millais1829–1896 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Artists13 decades
  68. 68John Stith PembertonJohn Stith Pemberton1831–1888 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists19 decades
  69. 69Wilhelm DiltheyWilhelm Dilthey1833–1911 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers14 decades
  70. 70Leo von CapriviLeo von Caprivi1831–1899 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians5 decades
  71. 71Ellen G. WhiteEllen G. White1827–1915 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers6 decades
  72. 72Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of SalisburyRobert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury1830–1903 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Politiciansnot measured—
  73. 73Francisco Solano LópezFrancisco Solano López1826–1870 · Politicians18 decades
  74. 74Saigō TakamoriSaigō Takamori1828–1877 · 🇯🇵 Japan · Politicians0 decades
  75. 75Naser al-Din Shah QajarNaser al-Din Shah Qajar1831–1896 · Historical Figuresnot measured—
  76. 76Charles SpurgeonCharles Spurgeon1834–1892 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers6 decades
  77. 77Isma'il PashaIsma'il Pasha1831–1895 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politicians15 decades
  78. 78Archduke Karl Ludwig of AustriaArchduke Karl Ludwig of Austria1833–1896 · 🇦🇹 Austria · Politicians16 decades
  79. 79Xianfeng EmperorXianfeng Emperor1831–1861 · Historical Figures0 decades
  80. 80Charbel MakhloufCharbel Makhlouf1828–1898 · Religious Figures0 decades
  81. 81Charles George GordonCharles George Gordon1833–1885 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Scientists5 decades
  82. 82Emperor KōmeiEmperor Kōmei1831–1867 · 🇯🇵 Japan · Models0 decades
  83. 83Philip SheridanPhilip Sheridan1831–1888 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians13 decades
  84. 84George Brinton McClellanGeorge Brinton McClellan1826–1885 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians0 decades
  85. 85Christina RossettiChristina Rossetti1830–1894 · Writers16 decades
  86. 86Sakamoto RyōmaSakamoto Ryōma1836–1867 · 🇯🇵 Japan · Politicians0 decades
  87. 87Pedro V of PortugalPedro V of Portugal1837–1861 · 🇵🇹 Portugal · Politicians0 decades
  88. 88Lew WallaceLew Wallace1827–1905 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians16 decades
  89. 89Nikolaus OttoNikolaus Otto1832–1891 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Scientists0 decades
  90. 90Alfred von SchlieffenAlfred von Schlieffen1833–19130 decades
  91. 91John Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron ActonJohn Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton1834–1902 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politiciansnot measured—
  92. 92Élisée ReclusÉlisée Reclus1830–1905 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers16 decades
  93. 93August KekuléAugust Kekulé1829–1896 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Scientists4 decades
  94. 94Dadabhai NaorojiDadabhai Naoroji1825–1917 · 🇮🇳 India · Politicians16 decades
  95. 95Frederic Edwin ChurchFrederic Edwin Church1826–1900 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists3 decades
  96. 96William Holman HuntWilliam Holman Hunt1827–1910 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Artists5 decades
  97. 97Edward Burne-JonesEdward Burne-Jones1833–1898 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Artists13 decades
  98. 98Lucretia GarfieldLucretia Garfield1832–1918 · 🇺🇸 United States0 decades
  99. 99Stephen FosterStephen Foster1826–1864 · 🇺🇸 United States · Musicians18 decades
  100. 100Savitribai PhuleSavitribai Phule1831–1897 · 🇮🇳 India · Writers0 decades

How this is measured

  • Placing people in time. Each person belongs to the century in which they were most active — around age 35, and never after their death.
  • Who ranks highest. Within a century, people are ranked where two independent signals agree: how many of the world’s Wikipedia language editions cover them, and how many people actually read about them. Article counts alone can be lifted by a person’s own circle; readers cannot.
  • Fame in print. The curves count how often a name appears in Google Books from 1800 to 2019, as a share of all the words printed each year, in the person’s own language wherever that corpus exists. Those decades are over, so each measurement is made once and kept.
  • What is left out. A lifetime is measured only from 1820, when there is enough print to judge; the five years after a death are skipped as obituaries; and a name shared with someone equally notable is credited to neither.