Claim profile
1860–1869

The 1860s

Whose names filled the books of the 1860s — anyone at all, however long dead — counted as mentions per million words printed, so a period that simply published more does not inflate anyone.

Talked about then

Whose names appeared most in Hebrew books during the 1860s — whenever they lived.

In books written inEnglish12,501German2,977French2,875Italian1,586Spanish946Russian176Hebrew81
  1. 1HaggaiHaggaiborn 550 BC · 1st millennium BC · Religious Figures16
  2. 2Rav AshiRav Ashi352–427 · 4th century13
  3. 3SBSimeon ben Gamliel IIborn 100 · 2nd century12
  4. 4NTNathan the Babylonianborn 101 · 2nd century10
  5. 5HabakkukHabakkuk626 BC–600 BC · 1st millennium BC · Religious Figures6.3
  6. 6Johanan ben ZakaiJohanan ben Zakai50 BC–70 · 1st millennium BC5.2
  7. 7SBSimeon ben Zomadied 200 · 2nd century3.4
  8. 8Hillel the ElderHillel the Elder50 BC–100 · 1st millennium BC2.8
  9. 9Hai GaonHai Gaon939–1038 · 10th century · Writers2.5
  10. 10Saadia GaonSaadia Gaon882–942 · 10th century · Academics2.3
  11. 11JBJudah ben Samuel of Regensburg1150–1217 · 12th century · Academics1.9
  12. 12Ahad Ha'amAhad Ha'am1856–1927 · 19th century · Writers1.7
  13. 13HBHanina ben Dosa40–75 · 1st century1.5
  14. 14Abraham bar HiyyaAbraham bar Hiyya1070–1136 · 12th century · Academics1.2
  15. 15Isaac AbrabanelIsaac Abrabanel1437–1508 · 15th century · Academics0.93
  16. 16Menasseh Ben IsraelMenasseh Ben Israel1604–1657 · 17th century · Academics0.89
  17. 17SISamuel ibn Naghrillah993–1055 · 11th century · Writers0.87
  18. 18Sabbatai ZeviSabbatai Zevi1626–1676 · 17th century · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Religious Figures0.85
  19. 19YYanaiborn 600 · 7th century · Writers0.71
  20. 20Azariah dei RossiAzariah dei Rossi1513–1578 · 16th century · Writers0.70
  21. 21JosephusJosephus37–100 · 1st century · Writers0.66
  22. 22Chaim Joseph David AzulaiChaim Joseph David Azulai1724–1806 · 18th century · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Historical Figures0.63
  23. 23Hayyim ben Joseph VitalHayyim ben Joseph Vital1542–1620 · 16th century · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Musicians0.57
  24. 24EBEliezer ben Hurcanus100–200 · 2nd century0.55
  25. 25Isaac the BlindIsaac the Blind1160–1235 · 12th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.54
  26. 26EBEleazar ben Arach100–200 · 2nd century0.46
  27. 27Rabbeinu TamRabbeinu Tam1100–1171 · 12th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.44
  28. 28Jonathan EybeschutzJonathan Eybeschutz1690–1764 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany0.44
  29. 29Judas MaccabeusJudas Maccabeus500 BC–160 BC · 1st millennium BC · Religious Figures0.40
  30. 30MYMordecai Yoffe1530–1612 · 16th century0.40
  31. 31Eleazar ben KillirEleazar ben Killir600–700 · 7th century · Writers0.38
  32. 32Shimon bar YochaiShimon bar Yochai100–160 · 2nd century0.37
  33. 33Joseph AlboJoseph Albo1380–1444 · 15th century · Academics0.35
  34. 34Amram GaonAmram Gaon810–875 · 9th century0.35
  35. 35Jacob EmdenJacob Emden1697–1776 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany0.30
  36. 36ZHZerachiah haLevi of Girona1130–1186 · 12th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.28
  37. 37MKMoses Kimhi1127–1190 · 12th century · 🇫🇷 France0.25
  38. 38JKJoseph Kimhi1105–1170 · 12th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.24
  39. 39PDProfiat Duran1350–1415 · 14th century · Musicians0.19
  40. 40JBJedaiah ben Abraham Bedersi1270–1340 · 14th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.18
  41. 41Dunash ben LabratDunash ben Labrat920–990 · 10th century · Writers0.17
  42. 42IBIsaac ben Moses Arama1420–1494 · 15th century0.17
  43. 43Yonah GerondiYonah Gerondi1210–1263 · 13th century · Academics0.17
  44. 44Baal Shem TovBaal Shem Tov1698–1760 · 18th century0.16
  45. 45Moshe AlshichMoshe Alshich1508–1593 · 16th century · 🇹🇷 Turkey0.16
  46. 46Menaḥem ben Shelomoh MeʾiriMenaḥem ben Shelomoh Meʾiri1249–1306 · 13th century · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians0.15
  47. 47Abraham ben Mordecai FarissolAbraham ben Mordecai Farissol1451–1525 · 15th century · Musicians0.14
  48. 48JIJacob ibn Habib1450–1516 · 15th century0.12
  49. 49Moses ben JoshuaMoses ben Joshua1300–1362 · 14th century · Academics0.10
  50. 50Tzvi AshkenaziTzvi Ashkenazi1660–1718 · 17th century0.10
  51. 51OBObadiah ben Jacob Sforno1470–1549 · 16th century · Doctors0.09
  52. 52Solomon MolchoSolomon Molcho1500–1532 · 16th century · Academics0.08
  53. 53Chaim ibn AttarChaim ibn Attar1696–1743 · 18th century0.08
  54. 54BBBahya ben Asher1255–1340 · 13th century · Writers0.08
  55. 55Eliezer ben NathanEliezer ben Nathan1090–1170 · 12th century · Writers0.07
  56. 56Moses SoferMoses Sofer1762–1839 · 18th century0.06
  57. 57Paul the ApostlePaul the Apostle5–66 · 1st century · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writers0.06
  58. 58Yehuda AlhariziYehuda Alharizi1165–1225 · 13th century · Writers0.05
  59. 59Nathan of GazaNathan of Gaza1644–1680 · 17th century · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writers0.05
  60. 60Moses ben Jacob CordoveroMoses ben Jacob Cordovero1522–1570 · 16th century · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Actors0.04
  61. 61CBChananel ben Chushiel990–1053 · 11th century · Actors0.04
  62. 62Hasdai CrescasHasdai Crescas1340–1410 · 14th century · Academics0.04
  63. 63Elia del MedigoElia del Medigo1458–1497 · 15th century · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Academics0.04
  64. 64NBNissim ben Jacob990–1062 · 11th century · Writers0.04
  65. 65Shlomo Halevi AlkabetzShlomo Halevi Alkabetz1505–1576 · 16th century · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writers0.04
  66. 66RRashbam1080–1158 · 12th century0.03
  67. 67Herod ArchelausHerod Archelaus23 BC–18 · 1st century · Models0.03
  68. 68SOShemariah of Negropont1275–1352 · 14th century · Academics0.03
  69. 69Mendele Mocher SforimMendele Mocher Sforim1835–1917 · 19th century · Writers0.03
  70. 70Joel SirkisJoel Sirkis1561–1640 · 16th century0.03
  71. 71MBMenahem ben Aaron ibn Zerah1310–1385 · 14th century · Writers0.03
  72. 72Shabbethai DonnoloShabbethai Donnoloborn 913 · 10th century · Scientists0.03
  73. 73Onias IIIOnias III300 BC–170 BC · 1st millennium BC0.01
  74. 74Shneur Zalman of LiadiShneur Zalman of Liadi1745–1812 · 18th century · Academics0.01
  75. 75Rachel, wife of Rabbi AkivaRachel, wife of Rabbi Akivaborn 100 · 2nd century0.01
  76. 76ADAbraham de Balmes1440–1523 · 15th century · Doctors0.01
  77. 77Ben SiraBen Sira300 BC–150 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers<0.01
  78. 78IBIsaac ben Moses of Vienna1180–1250 · 13th century · Writers<0.01
  79. 79JCJoseph Caspi1280–1345 · 14th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics<0.01
  80. 80JNJoseph Nasi1524–1579 · 16th century · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writers<0.01
  81. 81YBYefet ben Ali950–1010 · 10th century · Actors<0.01

Lived then

The most notable people whose working lives fell in the 1860s, ranked where Wikipedia coverage and readership agree.

  1. 1Leo TolstoyLeo Tolstoy1828–1910 · Writers18 decades
  2. 2Jules VerneJules Verne1828–1905 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers16 decades
  3. 3Dmitri MendeleevDmitri Mendeleev1834–1907 · Scientists11 decades
  4. 4James A. GarfieldJames A. Garfield1831–1881 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians16 decades
  5. 5Alfred NobelAlfred Nobel1833–1896 · 🇸🇪 Sweden · Scientists13 decades
  6. 6Johannes BrahmsJohannes Brahms1833–1897 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Musicians17 decades
  7. 7Franz Joseph I of AustriaFranz Joseph I of Austria1830–1916 · 🇦🇹 Austria · Historical Figures18 decades
  8. 8Gustave EiffelGustave Eiffel1832–1923 · 🇫🇷 France · Scientists10 decades
  9. 9Lewis CarrollLewis Carroll1832–1898 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers16 decades
  10. 10Porfirio DíazPorfirio Díaz1830–1915 · 🇲🇽 Mexico · Politicians16 decades
  11. 11Emily DickinsonEmily Dickinson1830–1886 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers13 decades
  12. 12Édouard ManetÉdouard Manet1832–1883 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists15 decades
  13. 13Isabella II of SpainIsabella II of Spain1830–1904 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Models11 decades
  14. 14Johann Strauss IIJohann Strauss II1825–1899 · 🇦🇹 Austria · Musicians16 decades
  15. 15Henrik IbsenHenrik Ibsen1828–1906 · 🇳🇴 Norway · Writers14 decades
  16. 16Chester A. ArthurChester A. Arthur1829–1886 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians15 decades
  17. 17Sitting BullSitting Bull1831–1890 · 🇺🇸 United States15 decades
  18. 18Edgar DegasEdgar Degas1834–1917 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists11 decades
  19. 19Frederick III, German EmperorFrederick III, German Emperor1831–1888 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians19 decades
  20. 20Henry DunantHenry Dunant1828–1910 · 🇨🇭 Switzerland · Founders13 decades
  21. 21James Clerk MaxwellJames Clerk Maxwell1831–1879 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Scientists14 decades
  22. 22Maximilian I of MexicoMaximilian I of Mexico1832–1867 · 🇦🇹 Austria · Politicians19 decades
  23. 23Alexander BorodinAlexander Borodin1833–1887 · Musicians8 decades
  24. 24Frédéric MistralFrédéric Mistral1830–1914 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers17 decades
  25. 25Mikhail Saltykov-ShchedrinMikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin1826–1889 · Writers10 decades
  26. 26GeronimoGeronimo1829–1909 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actorsnot measured—
  27. 27Camille PissarroCamille Pissarro1830–1903 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists13 decades
  28. 28Ernst HaeckelErnst Haeckel1834–1919 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Scientists16 decades
  29. 29Louise MichelLouise Michel1830–1905 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers15 decades
  30. 30Carlo CollodiCarlo Collodi1826–1890 · Writers8 decades
  31. 31Nikolay ChernyshevskyNikolay Chernyshevsky1828–1889 · Writers11 decades
  32. 32Bernhard RiemannBernhard Riemann1826–1866 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics12 decades
  33. 33Louisa May AlcottLouisa May Alcott1832–1888 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers14 decades
  34. 34Helena BlavatskyHelena Blavatsky1831–1891 · Writers2 decades
  35. 35Gustave DoréGustave Doré1832–1883 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists17 decades
  36. 36Benjamin HarrisonBenjamin Harrison1833–1901 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians19 decades
  37. 37Wilhelm BuschWilhelm Busch1832–1908 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Artists15 decades
  38. 38William MorrisWilliam Morris1834–1896 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Artists19 decades
  39. 39Ivan ShishkinIvan Shishkin1831–1898 · Artists9 decades
  40. 40Gottlieb DaimlerGottlieb Daimler1834–1900 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Scientists11 decades
  41. 41Pedro II of BrazilPedro II of Brazil1825–1891 · 🇧🇷 Brazil · Historical Figures0 decades
  42. 42Nikolai LeskovNikolai Leskov1831–1895 · Writers13 decades
  43. 43Levi StraussLevi Strauss1829–1902 · 🇺🇸 United States · Founders11 decades
  44. 44George BooleGeorge Boole1855–1864 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Academics9 decades
  45. 45John Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes Booth1838–1865 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors16 decades
  46. 46Wilhelm WundtWilhelm Wundt1832–1920 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics15 decades
  47. 47Thomas Henry HuxleyThomas Henry Huxley1825–1895 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Scientists16 decades
  48. 48Johanna SpyriJohanna Spyri1827–1901 · 🇨🇭 Switzerland · Writers11 decades
  49. 49Eugénie de MontijoEugénie de Montijo1826–1920 · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures17 decades
  50. 50Hippolyte TaineHippolyte Taine1828–1893 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers13 decades
  51. 51Ferdinand LassalleFerdinand Lassalle1825–1864 · Writers16 decades
  52. 52Jean-Martin CharcotJean-Martin Charcot1825–1893 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors4 decades
  53. 53Dante Gabriel RossettiDante Gabriel Rossetti1828–1882 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers15 decades
  54. 54AbdülazizAbdülaziz1830–1876 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Musiciansnot measured—
  55. 55Frédéric Auguste BartholdiFrédéric Auguste Bartholdi1834–1904 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists4 decades
  56. 56Oscar II of SwedenOscar II of Sweden1829–1907 · 🇸🇪 Sweden · Historical Figures0 decades
  57. 57Anton RubinsteinAnton Rubinstein1829–1894 · Musicians15 decades
  58. 58William-Adolphe BouguereauWilliam-Adolphe Bouguereau1825–1905 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists5 decades
  59. 59Charles XV of SwedenCharles XV of Sweden1826–1872 · 🇸🇪 Sweden · Historical Figures0 decades
  60. 60James Abbott McNeill WhistlerJames Abbott McNeill Whistler1834–1903 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists12 decades
  61. 61Paul KrugerPaul Kruger1825–1904 · Politicians14 decades
  62. 62Arnold BöcklinArnold Böcklin1827–1901 · 🇨🇭 Switzerland · Artists14 decades
  63. 63Jules FerryJules Ferry1832–1893 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians16 decades
  64. 64Joseph ListerJoseph Lister1827–1912 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Doctors18 decades
  65. 65Gustave MoreauGustave Moreau1826–1898 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists16 decades
  66. 66Eadweard MuybridgeEadweard Muybridge1830–1904 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Artists7 decades
  67. 67John Everett MillaisJohn Everett Millais1829–1896 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Artists13 decades
  68. 68John Stith PembertonJohn Stith Pemberton1831–1888 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists19 decades
  69. 69Wilhelm DiltheyWilhelm Dilthey1833–1911 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers14 decades
  70. 70Leo von CapriviLeo von Caprivi1831–1899 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians5 decades
  71. 71Ellen G. WhiteEllen G. White1827–1915 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers6 decades
  72. 72Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of SalisburyRobert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury1830–1903 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Politiciansnot measured—
  73. 73Francisco Solano LópezFrancisco Solano López1826–1870 · Politicians18 decades
  74. 74Saigō TakamoriSaigō Takamori1828–1877 · 🇯🇵 Japan · Politicians0 decades
  75. 75Naser al-Din Shah QajarNaser al-Din Shah Qajar1831–1896 · Historical Figuresnot measured—
  76. 76Charles SpurgeonCharles Spurgeon1834–1892 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers6 decades
  77. 77Isma'il PashaIsma'il Pasha1831–1895 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politicians15 decades
  78. 78Archduke Karl Ludwig of AustriaArchduke Karl Ludwig of Austria1833–1896 · 🇦🇹 Austria · Politicians16 decades
  79. 79Xianfeng EmperorXianfeng Emperor1831–1861 · Historical Figures0 decades
  80. 80Charbel MakhloufCharbel Makhlouf1828–1898 · Religious Figures0 decades
  81. 81Charles George GordonCharles George Gordon1833–1885 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Scientists5 decades
  82. 82Emperor KōmeiEmperor Kōmei1831–1867 · 🇯🇵 Japan · Models0 decades
  83. 83Philip SheridanPhilip Sheridan1831–1888 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians13 decades
  84. 84George Brinton McClellanGeorge Brinton McClellan1826–1885 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians0 decades
  85. 85Christina RossettiChristina Rossetti1830–1894 · Writers16 decades
  86. 86Sakamoto RyōmaSakamoto Ryōma1836–1867 · 🇯🇵 Japan · Politicians0 decades
  87. 87Pedro V of PortugalPedro V of Portugal1837–1861 · 🇵🇹 Portugal · Politicians0 decades
  88. 88Lew WallaceLew Wallace1827–1905 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians16 decades
  89. 89Nikolaus OttoNikolaus Otto1832–1891 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Scientists0 decades
  90. 90Alfred von SchlieffenAlfred von Schlieffen1833–19130 decades
  91. 91John Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron ActonJohn Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton1834–1902 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politiciansnot measured—
  92. 92Élisée ReclusÉlisée Reclus1830–1905 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers16 decades
  93. 93August KekuléAugust Kekulé1829–1896 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Scientists4 decades
  94. 94Dadabhai NaorojiDadabhai Naoroji1825–1917 · 🇮🇳 India · Politicians16 decades
  95. 95Frederic Edwin ChurchFrederic Edwin Church1826–1900 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists3 decades
  96. 96William Holman HuntWilliam Holman Hunt1827–1910 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Artists5 decades
  97. 97Edward Burne-JonesEdward Burne-Jones1833–1898 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Artists13 decades
  98. 98Lucretia GarfieldLucretia Garfield1832–1918 · 🇺🇸 United States0 decades
  99. 99Stephen FosterStephen Foster1826–1864 · 🇺🇸 United States · Musicians18 decades
  100. 100Savitribai PhuleSavitribai Phule1831–1897 · 🇮🇳 India · Writers0 decades

How this is measured

  • Placing people in time. Each person belongs to the century in which they were most active — around age 35, and never after their death.
  • Who ranks highest. Within a century, people are ranked where two independent signals agree: how many of the world’s Wikipedia language editions cover them, and how many people actually read about them. Article counts alone can be lifted by a person’s own circle; readers cannot.
  • Fame in print. The curves count how often a name appears in Google Books from 1800 to 2019, as a share of all the words printed each year, in the person’s own language wherever that corpus exists. Those decades are over, so each measurement is made once and kept.
  • What is left out. A lifetime is measured only from 1820, when there is enough print to judge; the five years after a death are skipped as obituaries; and a name shared with someone equally notable is credited to neither.