Claim profile
1900–1999

The 20th century

Whose names filled the books of the 20th century — anyone at all, however long dead — counted as mentions per million words printed, so a period that simply published more does not inflate anyone.

Talked about then

Whose names appeared most in English books during the 20th century — whenever they lived.

In books written inEnglish28,219German4,127French3,913Italian2,072Spanish1,601Russian838Chinese282Hebrew149
  1. 1JesusJesus5 BC–30 · 1st century · Religious Figures30
  2. 2AristotleAristotle384 BC–322 BC · 1st millennium BC · Academics7.1
  3. 3PlatoPlato428 BC–348 BC · 1st millennium BC · Academics7.1
  4. 4HomerHomer900 BC–800 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers7.1
  5. 5AugustusAugustus63 BC–14 · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians4.9
  6. 6SealSealborn 1963 · 20th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Musicians4.5
  7. 7RMRMborn 1994 · 21st century · 🇰🇷 South Korea · Musicians4.5
  8. 8Johns HopkinsJohns Hopkins1795–1873 · 19th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Founders4.4
  9. 9CiceroCicero106 BC–43 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians4.0
  10. 10George WashingtonGeorge Washington1732–1799 · 18th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians3.8
  11. 11SocratesSocrates470 BC–399 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇧🇷 Brazil · Academics3.4
  12. 12VirgilVirgil70 BC–19 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers3.3
  13. 13Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln1809–1865 · 19th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians2.0
  14. 14WarmWarm1840–1924 · 19th century · Scientists2.0
  15. 15EuclidEuclid333 BC–285 BC · 1st millennium BC · Academics1.9
  16. 16PinkPinkborn 1979 · 21st century · 🇺🇸 United States · Musicians1.6
  17. 17AAcmedied 5 BC · 1st millennium BC1.6
  18. 18Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson1743–1826 · 18th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians1.6
  19. 19IUIUborn 1993 · 21st century · 🇰🇷 South Korea · Musicians1.6
  20. 20OvidOvid43 BC–17 · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers1.6
  21. 21MadonnaMadonnaborn 1958 · 20th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Musicians1.5
  22. 22Charles II, Duke of SavoyCharles II, Duke of Savoy1489–1496 · 15th century · Historical Figures1.5
  23. 23Charles II, Lord of MonacoCharles II, Lord of Monaco1555–1589 · 16th century · Politicians1.5
  24. 24Charles II, Duke of Münsterberg-OelsCharles II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels1545–1617 · 16th century · Historical Figures1.5
  25. 25Mark TwainMark Twain1835–1910 · 19th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers1.5
  26. 26PlutarchPlutarch40–120 · 1st century · Academics1.5
  27. 27CleopatraCleopatra69 BC–30 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇪🇬 Egypt · Historical Figures1.4
  28. 28Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt1858–1919 · 19th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians1.4
  29. 29Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson1856–1924 · 19th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians1.4
  30. 30William HenryWilliam Henry1774–1836 · 19th century · Scientists1.3
  31. 31Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin1706–1790 · 18th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians1.3
  32. 32HerodotusHerodotus484 BC–425 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writers1.3
  33. 33CharlemagneCharlemagne748–814 · 8th century · Historical Figures1.3
  34. 34RembrandtRembrandt1606–1669 · 17th century · 🇳🇱 Netherlands · Artists1.3
  35. 35EuripidesEuripides480 BC–406 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers1.2
  36. 36PocahontasPocahontas1596–1617 · 17th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers1.1
  37. 37John BrownJohn Brown1800–1859 · 19th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Founders1.1
  38. 38John SmithJohn Smith1580–1631 · 17th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Historical Figures1.0
  39. 39Adam SmithAdam Smith1723–1790 · 18th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Academics1.0
  40. 40Henry IV, Duke of BrabantHenry IV, Duke of Brabant1251–1272 · 13th century1.0
  41. 41HIHenry IV, Count of Waldeck1300–1348 · 14th century1.0
  42. 42Henry IV, Duke of LimburgHenry IV, Duke of Limburg1195–1247 · 13th century · Historical Figures1.0
  43. 43HIHenry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg1463–1514 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.0
  44. 44Henry IV, Holy Roman EmperorHenry IV, Holy Roman Emperor1050–1106 · 11th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.0
  45. 45Henry IV, Count of LuxembourgHenry IV, Count of Luxembourg1113–1196 · 12th century · Politicians1.0
  46. 46John AdamsJohn Adams1735–1826 · 18th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians1.0
  47. 47SophoclesSophocles496 BC–406 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers1.0
  48. 48Henry JamesHenry James1843–1916 · 19th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers0.99
  49. 49GalenGalen129–300 · 2nd century · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Doctors0.97
  50. 50Walter ScottWalter Scott1771–1832 · 19th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers0.95
  51. 51LivyLivy59 BC–17 · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.95
  52. 52BedeBede672–735 · 8th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers0.94
  53. 53John the BaptistJohn the Baptist6 BC–30 · 1st century · 🇮🇱 Israel · Religious Figures0.93
  54. 54SolonSolon630 BC–560 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers0.93
  55. 55Prince George, Duke of CumberlandPrince George, Duke of Cumberland1653–1708 · 17th century0.90
  56. 56PericlesPericles494 BC–429 BC · 1st millennium BC · Politicians0.89
  57. 57John HenryJohn Henry1322–1375 · 14th century0.87
  58. 58Julius CaesarJulius Caesar100 BC–44 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians0.86
  59. 59Winston ChurchillWinston Churchill1874–1965 · 20th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Politicians0.86
  60. 60William JamesWilliam James1842–1910 · 19th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Academics0.86
  61. 61HadrianHadrian76–138 · 2nd century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Historical Figures0.83
  62. 62Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson1767–1845 · 19th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians0.83
  63. 63ThucydidesThucydides460 BC–395 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers0.83
  64. 64Henry FordHenry Ford1863–1947 · 19th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Founders0.81
  65. 65AristophanesAristophanes445 BC–385 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers0.79
  66. 66Charles I, Duke of SavoyCharles I, Duke of Savoy1468–1490 · 15th century0.79
  67. 67Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-PhilippsthalCharles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal1682–1770 · 18th century0.79
  68. 68Charles I, Count of FlandersCharles I, Count of Flanders1084–1127 · 12th century · Politicians0.79
  69. 69CICharles I1516–1576 · 16th century · Historical Figures0.79
  70. 70Charles I, Count of NeversCharles I, Count of Nevers1414–1464 · 15th century · Historical Figures0.79
  71. 71AAbababorn 200 · 3rd century0.78
  72. 72OrigenOrigen185–254 · 3rd century · 🇪🇬 Egypt · Academics0.76
  73. 73George EliotGeorge Eliot1819–1880 · 19th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers0.75
  74. 74DemosthenesDemosthenes384 BC–322 BC · 1st millennium BC · Politicians0.75
  75. 75John F. KennedyJohn F. Kennedy1917–1963 · 20th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians0.75
  76. 76Brigham YoungBrigham Young1801–1877 · 19th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Academics0.75
  77. 77XenophonXenophon430 BC–354 BC · 1st millennium BC · Academics0.73
  78. 78Henry VI, Count of LuxembourgHenry VI, Count of Luxembourg1240–1288 · 13th century · Politicians0.72
  79. 79HVHenry VI, Count of Waldeck1340–1397 · 14th century0.72
  80. 80Henry VIHenry VI1376–1454 · 15th century0.72
  81. 81William PennWilliam Penn1644–1718 · 17th century · Founders0.71
  82. 82Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton1757–1804 · 18th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians0.71
  83. 83Henry IIHenry II1207–1248 · 13th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.70
  84. 84Henry II, Holy Roman EmperorHenry II, Holy Roman Emperor973–1024 · 11th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures0.70
  85. 85Henry II , Duke of Lower LorraineHenry II , Duke of Lower Lorraine1059–1119 · 11th century0.70
  86. 86Henry II, Duke of ZiębiceHenry II, Duke of Ziębice1396–1420 · 15th century0.70
  87. 87Henry II, Count of Holstein-RendsburgHenry II, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg1317–1390 · 14th century0.70
  88. 88Henry II, Count of ChampagneHenry II, Count of Champagne1166–1197 · 12th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures0.70
  89. 89Henry II, Duke of Münsterberg-OelsHenry II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels1507–1548 · 16th century0.70
  90. 90HIHenry II, Margrave of the Nordmark1102–1128 · 12th century0.70
  91. 91Henry II, Duke of Brunswick-GrubenhagenHenry II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen1289–1351 · 14th century · Historical Figures0.70
  92. 92Henry II, Prince of Anhalt-AscherslebenHenry II, Prince of Anhalt-Aschersleben1215–1266 · 13th century · Historical Figures0.70
  93. 93Henry II, Margrave of Brandenburg-StendalHenry II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal1308–1320 · 14th century · Models0.70
  94. 94Henry II, Duke of ŚwidnicaHenry II, Duke of Świdnica1312–1345 · 14th century0.70
  95. 95Richard IIRichard II963–1026 · 10th century · 🇫🇷 France0.69
  96. 96John MarshallJohn Marshall1755–1835 · 18th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians0.67
  97. 97Henry ClayHenry Clay1777–1852 · 19th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians0.67
  98. 98Jefferson DavisJefferson Davis1808–1889 · 19th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians0.67
  99. 99James I, Count of UrgellJames I, Count of Urgell1321–1347 · 14th century0.67
  100. 100OsceolaOsceola1804–1838 · 19th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians0.67

Lived then

The most notable people whose working lives fell in the 20th century, ranked where Wikipedia coverage and readership agree.

CountryAll🇺🇸 United States🇬🇧 United Kingdom🇫🇷 France🇩🇪 Germany🇮🇹 Italy🇮🇳 India🇯🇵 Japan🇨🇳 China🇨🇦 Canada🇸🇪 Sweden
FieldAllActorsPoliticiansMusiciansWritersDirectorsHistorical FiguresAcademicsFootballersScientistsArtists
  1. 1Donald TrumpDonald Trumpborn 1946 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians4 decades
  2. 2Vladimir PutinVladimir Putinborn 1952 · Politicians3 decades
  3. 3Michael JacksonMichael Jackson1958–2009 · 🇺🇸 United States · Musicians5 decades
  4. 4Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler1889–1945 · 🇦🇹 Austria · Politicians10 decades
  5. 5Wladimir PutinWladimir Putinborn 1952 · Politiciansnot measured—
  6. 6Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin1878–1953 · Politicians9 decades
  7. 7Pope FrancisPope Francis1936–2025 · 🇦🇷 Argentina · Writersnot measured—
  8. 8Vladimir LeninVladimir Lenin1870–1924 · Politicians12 decades
  9. 9Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein1879–1955 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Scientists11 decades
  10. 10Elizabeth IIElizabeth II1926–2022 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Historical Figures8 decades
  11. 11Mao ZedongMao Zedong1893–1976 · 🇨🇳 China · Politicians13 decades
  12. 12Pope John Paul IIPope John Paul II1920–2005 · Religious Figures5 decades
  13. 13Elvis PresleyElvis Presley1935–1977 · 🇺🇸 United States · Musicians7 decades
  14. 14Pope Benedict XVIPope Benedict XVI1927–2022 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Religious Figures2 decades
  15. 15Xi JinpingXi Jinpingborn 1953 · 🇨🇳 China · Politicians3 decades
  16. 16Frida KahloFrida Kahlo1907–1954 · 🇲🇽 Mexico · Artists8 decades
  17. 17Charles de GaulleCharles de Gaulle1890–1970 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians9 decades
  18. 18Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini1883–1945 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians11 decades
  19. 19Marilyn MonroeMarilyn Monroe1926–1962 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors7 decades
  20. 20Che GuevaraChe Guevara1928–1967 · 🇦🇷 Argentina · Activists7 decades
  21. 21Nicolas SarkozyNicolas Sarkozyborn 1955 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians5 decades
  22. 22Mikhail GorbachevMikhail Gorbachev1931–2022 · Politicians4 decades
  23. 23Charlie ChaplinCharlie Chaplin1889–1977 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Comedians11 decades
  24. 24Bob DylanBob Dylanborn 1941 · 🇺🇸 United States · Musicians6 decades
  25. 25John F. KennedyJohn F. Kennedy1917–1963 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians11 decades
  26. 26Barack ObamaBarack Obamaborn 1961 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians2 decades
  27. 27Winston ChurchillWinston Churchill1874–1965 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Politicians13 decades
  28. 28Yuri GagarinYuri Gagarin1934–1968 · Politicians6 decades
  29. 29Pope Leo XIVPope Leo XIVborn 1955 · 🇺🇸 United States · Religious Figures0 decades
  30. 30Freddie MercuryFreddie Mercury1946–1991 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Musicians3 decades
  31. 31Pablo PicassoPablo Picasso1881–1973 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Artists10 decades
  32. 32Gabriel García MárquezGabriel García Márquez1927–2014 · Writers7 decades
  33. 33Angela MerkelAngela Merkelborn 1954 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians3 decades
  34. 34Diego MaradonaDiego Maradona1960–2020 · 🇦🇷 Argentina · Footballers4 decades
  35. 35Charles, Prince of WalesCharles, Prince of Walesborn 1948 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Historical Figures8 decades
  36. 36MadonnaMadonnaborn 1958 · 🇺🇸 United States · Musicians7 decades
  37. 37Ali KhameneiAli Khamenei1939–2026 · Politicians4 decades
  38. 38Fidel CastroFidel Castro1926–2016 · Politicians10 decades
  39. 39Martin Luther King Jr.Martin Luther King Jr.1929–1968 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers6 decades
  40. 40Stephen HawkingStephen Hawking1942–2018 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Scientists4 decades
  41. 41Brigitte BardotBrigitte Bardot1934–2025 · 🇫🇷 France · Actors7 decades
  42. 42Hugo ChávezHugo Chávez1954–2013 · Politicians3 decades
  43. 43Marie CurieMarie Curie1867–1934 · Scientists4 decades
  44. 44Robin WilliamsRobin Williams1951–2014 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors7 decades
  45. 45Benjamin NetanyahuBenjamin Netanyahuborn 1949 · 🇮🇱 Israel · Politicians4 decades
  46. 46Steve JobsSteve Jobs1955–2011 · 🇺🇸 United States · Founders4 decades
  47. 47Franklin D. RooseveltFranklin D. Roosevelt1882–1945 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians10 decades
  48. 48Franz KafkaFranz Kafka1883–1924 · Writers11 decades
  49. 49Steven SpielbergSteven Spielbergborn 1946 · 🇺🇸 United States · Directors5 decades
  50. 50Nikita KhrushchevNikita Khrushchev1894–1971 · Politicians10 decades
  51. 51Nelson MandelaNelson Mandela1918–2013 · 🇿🇦 South Africa · Politicians6 decades
  52. 52Arnold SchwarzeneggerArnold Schwarzeneggerborn 1947 · 🇦🇹 Austria · Actors4 decades
  53. 53Nicolás MaduroNicolás Maduroborn 1962 · Politicians2 decades
  54. 54Leon TrotskyLeon Trotsky1879–1940 · Activists10 decades
  55. 55Brad PittBrad Pittborn 1963 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors3 decades
  56. 56Albert CamusAlbert Camus1913–1960 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics8 decades
  57. 57Alexander LukashenkoAlexander Lukashenkoborn 1954 · Politicians3 decades
  58. 58Salvador DalíSalvador Dalí1904–1989 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Artists10 decades
  59. 59Joe BidenJoe Bidenborn 1942 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians4 decades
  60. 60Bob MarleyBob Marley1945–1981 · Musicians5 decades
  61. 61Boris YeltsinBoris Yeltsin1931–2007 · Politicians4 decades
  62. 62Jackie ChanJackie Chanborn 1954 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors7 decades
  63. 63Nicholas II of RussiaNicholas II of Russia1868–1918 · Historical Figures14 decades
  64. 64Muammar GaddafiMuammar Gaddafi1942–2011 · Politicians2 decades
  65. 65George W. BushGeorge W. Bushborn 1946 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians4 decades
  66. 66Clint EastwoodClint Eastwoodborn 1930 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors6 decades
  67. 67Robert De NiroRobert De Niroborn 1943 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors5 decades
  68. 68Jacques ChiracJacques Chirac1932–2019 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians8 decades
  69. 69Bruce LeeBruce Lee1940–1973 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors5 decades
  70. 70Ronald ReaganRonald Reagan1911–2004 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians9 decades
  71. 71Leonid BrezhnevLeonid Brezhnev1906–1982 · Politicians7 decades
  72. 72Bill GatesBill Gatesborn 1955 · 🇺🇸 United States · Founders4 decades
  73. 73François HollandeFrançois Hollandeborn 1954 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians4 decades
  74. 74Thomas MannThomas Mann1875–1955 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers12 decades
  75. 75Anne FrankAnne Frank1929–1945 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Directors7 decades
  76. 76Osama bin LadenOsama bin Laden1957–2011 · Scientists3 decades
  77. 77John LennonJohn Lennon1940–1980 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Musicians6 decades
  78. 78Johnny DeppJohnny Deppborn 1963 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors3 decades
  79. 79Silvio BerlusconiSilvio Berlusconi1936–2023 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians6 decades
  80. 80Mahatma GandhiMahatma Gandhi1869–1948 · 🇮🇳 India · Activists10 decades
  81. 81Whitney HoustonWhitney Houston1963–2012 · 🇺🇸 United States · Musicians4 decades
  82. 82David BowieDavid Bowie1947–2016 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Musicians5 decades
  83. 83Chiang Kai-shekChiang Kai-shek1887–1975 · 🇨🇳 China · Politicians4 decades
  84. 84Agatha ChristieAgatha Christie1890–1976 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers10 decades
  85. 85Alfred HitchcockAlfred Hitchcock1899–1980 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Directors9 decades
  86. 86J. R. R. TolkienJ. R. R. Tolkien1892–1973 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers7 decades
  87. 87J. Robert OppenheimerJ. Robert Oppenheimer1904–1967 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists8 decades
  88. 88Bill ClintonBill Clintonborn 1946 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians4 decades
  89. 89Édith PiafÉdith Piaf1915–1963 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians6 decades
  90. 90Audrey HepburnAudrey Hepburn1929–1993 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Actors7 decades
  91. 91Diana, Princess of WalesDiana, Princess of Wales1961–1997 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Historical Figures0 decades
  92. 92Francisco FrancoFrancisco Franco1892–1975 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians9 decades
  93. 93Muhammad AliMuhammad Ali1942–2016 · 🇺🇸 United States · Athletes8 decades
  94. 94Deng XiaopingDeng Xiaoping1909–1997 · 🇨🇳 China · Politicians11 decades
  95. 95Tom CruiseTom Cruiseborn 1962 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors4 decades
  96. 96Mario Vargas LlosaMario Vargas Llosa1936–2025 · Writers7 decades
  97. 97Saddam HusseinSaddam Hussein1937–2006 · Politicians6 decades
  98. 98Margaret ThatcherMargaret Thatcher1925–2013 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Politicians6 decades
  99. 99Joseph GoebbelsJoseph Goebbels1897–1945 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians9 decades
  100. 10014th Dalai Lama14th Dalai Lamaborn 1935 · 🇨🇳 China · Politiciansnot measured—

How this is measured

  • Placing people in time. Each person belongs to the century in which they were most active — around age 35, and never after their death.
  • Who ranks highest. Within a century, people are ranked where two independent signals agree: how many of the world’s Wikipedia language editions cover them, and how many people actually read about them. Article counts alone can be lifted by a person’s own circle; readers cannot.
  • Fame in print. The curves count how often a name appears in Google Books from 1800 to 2019, as a share of all the words printed each year, in the person’s own language wherever that corpus exists. Those decades are over, so each measurement is made once and kept.
  • What is left out. A lifetime is measured only from 1820, when there is enough print to judge; the five years after a death are skipped as obituaries; and a name shared with someone equally notable is credited to neither.