Cleopatra

Cleopatra VII inherited the Ptolemaic throne in 51 BC alongside her brother Ptolemy XIII, but civil war drove them apart. When Julius Caesar arrived in Alexandria in 48 BC, she became his ally and lover, bearing his son Caesarion and ruling as client queen until Caesar's assassination in 44 BC. After Caesar's death she aligned with Mark Antony, meeting him at Tarsos in 41 BC and forming a partnership that produced three children and funded his campaigns in Parthia and Armenia. Octavian framed the Donations of Alexandria - which named their children rulers of eastern territories - as treason, declared war, and crushed their fleet at Actium in 31 BC. When Octavian's forces invaded Egypt in 30 BC, Antony died by suicide, and Cleopatra followed, likely by poison, to escape being paraded through Rome. Egypt became a Roman province, closing the Hellenistic age that Alexander had opened three centuries before.