Claim profile
1800–1899

The 19th century

Whose names filled the books of the 19th century — anyone at all, however long dead — counted as mentions per million words printed, so a period that simply published more does not inflate anyone.

Talked about then

Whose names appeared most in English books during the 19th century — whenever they lived.

In books written inEnglish18,114German3,599French3,347Italian1,787Spanish1,162Russian325Hebrew105Chinese9
  1. 1JesusJesus5 BC–30 · 1st century · Religious Figures94
  2. 2HomerHomer900 BC–800 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers15
  3. 3CiceroCicero106 BC–43 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians13
  4. 4AugustusAugustus63 BC–14 · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians13
  5. 5PlatoPlato428 BC–348 BC · 1st millennium BC · Academics10
  6. 6VirgilVirgil70 BC–19 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers9.6
  7. 7AristotleAristotle384 BC–322 BC · 1st millennium BC · Academics9.4
  8. 8SocratesSocrates470 BC–399 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇧🇷 Brazil · Academics6.4
  9. 9HerodotusHerodotus484 BC–425 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writers6.2
  10. 10Charles II, Duke of SavoyCharles II, Duke of Savoy1489–1496 · 15th century · Historical Figures5.9
  11. 11Charles II, Duke of Münsterberg-OelsCharles II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels1545–1617 · 16th century · Historical Figures5.9
  12. 12Charles II, Lord of MonacoCharles II, Lord of Monaco1555–1589 · 16th century · Politicians5.9
  13. 13PlutarchPlutarch40–120 · 1st century · Academics5.6
  14. 14OvidOvid43 BC–17 · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers4.2
  15. 15StraboStrabo63 BC–23 · 1st millennium BC · Academics4.1
  16. 16CharlemagneCharlemagne748–814 · 8th century · Historical Figures3.9
  17. 17DemosthenesDemosthenes384 BC–322 BC · 1st millennium BC · Politicians3.8
  18. 18Lord ByronLord Byron1788–1824 · 19th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers3.6
  19. 19Henry IV, Duke of BrabantHenry IV, Duke of Brabant1251–1272 · 13th century3.5
  20. 20Henry IV, Holy Roman EmperorHenry IV, Holy Roman Emperor1050–1106 · 11th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures3.5
  21. 21Henry IV, Duke of LimburgHenry IV, Duke of Limburg1195–1247 · 13th century · Historical Figures3.5
  22. 22HIHenry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg1463–1514 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany3.5
  23. 23HIHenry IV, Count of Waldeck1300–1348 · 14th century3.5
  24. 24Henry IV, Count of LuxembourgHenry IV, Count of Luxembourg1113–1196 · 12th century · Politicians3.5
  25. 25LivyLivy59 BC–17 · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers3.4
  26. 26OrigenOrigen185–254 · 3rd century · 🇪🇬 Egypt · Academics3.1
  27. 27CleopatraCleopatra69 BC–30 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇪🇬 Egypt · Historical Figures3.0
  28. 28XenophonXenophon430 BC–354 BC · 1st millennium BC · Academics3.0
  29. 29Walter ScottWalter Scott1771–1832 · 19th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers3.0
  30. 30Henry III, Duke of GłogówHenry III, Duke of Głogów1251–1309 · 13th century · Politicians2.8
  31. 31HIHenry III, Count of Luxembourg1070–1096 · 11th century · Historical Figures2.8
  32. 32Henry III, Count of LouvainHenry III, Count of Louvain1060–1095 · 11th century · Politicians2.8
  33. 33Henry III, Count of Schauenburg-HolsteinHenry III, Count of Schauenburg-Holstein1370–1421 · 15th century2.8
  34. 34Henry III, Duke of Münsterberg-OelsHenry III, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels1542–1587 · 16th century2.8
  35. 35Henry III, Margrave of Baden-HachbergHenry III, Margrave of Baden-Hachberg1300–1330 · 14th century · Models2.8
  36. 36Henry III, Holy Roman EmperorHenry III, Holy Roman Emperor1016–1056 · 11th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.8
  37. 37Henry III, Count of GoriziaHenry III, Count of Gorizia1263–1323 · 13th century2.8
  38. 38TertullianTertullian160–240 · 2nd century · Academics2.7
  39. 39James II, Count of UrgellJames II, Count of Urgell1388–1433 · 15th century2.6
  40. 40Robert PeelRobert Peel1788–1850 · 19th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Politicians2.6
  41. 41Henry VII, Holy Roman EmperorHenry VII, Holy Roman Emperor1275–1313 · 14th century · 🇫🇷 France2.6
  42. 42PericlesPericles494 BC–429 BC · 1st millennium BC · Politicians2.5
  43. 43Henry VI, Count of LuxembourgHenry VI, Count of Luxembourg1240–1288 · 13th century · Politicians2.5
  44. 44HVHenry VI, Count of Waldeck1340–1397 · 14th century2.5
  45. 45Henry VIHenry VI1376–1454 · 15th century2.5
  46. 46John Russell, 1st Earl of BedfordJohn Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford1485–1555 · 16th century · Politicians2.4
  47. 47EuclidEuclid333 BC–285 BC · 1st millennium BC · Academics2.4
  48. 48John the BaptistJohn the Baptist6 BC–30 · 1st century · 🇮🇱 Israel · Religious Figures2.4
  49. 49Henry II, Count of ChampagneHenry II, Count of Champagne1166–1197 · 12th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures2.3
  50. 50Henry II, Count of Holstein-RendsburgHenry II, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg1317–1390 · 14th century2.3
  51. 51Henry II , Duke of Lower LorraineHenry II , Duke of Lower Lorraine1059–1119 · 11th century2.3
  52. 52Henry II, Duke of Münsterberg-OelsHenry II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels1507–1548 · 16th century2.3
  53. 53Henry II, Prince of Anhalt-AscherslebenHenry II, Prince of Anhalt-Aschersleben1215–1266 · 13th century · Historical Figures2.3
  54. 54Henry II, Duke of Brunswick-GrubenhagenHenry II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen1289–1351 · 14th century · Historical Figures2.3
  55. 55Henry II, Duke of ŚwidnicaHenry II, Duke of Świdnica1312–1345 · 14th century2.3
  56. 56Henry IIHenry II1207–1248 · 13th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians2.3
  57. 57Henry II, Holy Roman EmperorHenry II, Holy Roman Emperor973–1024 · 11th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.3
  58. 58HIHenry II, Margrave of the Nordmark1102–1128 · 12th century2.3
  59. 59Henry II, Duke of ZiębiceHenry II, Duke of Ziębice1396–1420 · 15th century2.3
  60. 60Henry II, Margrave of Brandenburg-StendalHenry II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal1308–1320 · 14th century · Models2.3
  61. 61OthoOtho32–69 · 1st century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians2.3
  62. 62TrajanTrajan53–117 · 1st century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians2.3
  63. 63BedeBede672–735 · 8th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers2.3
  64. 64SolonSolon630 BC–560 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers2.2
  65. 65EuripidesEuripides480 BC–406 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers2.2
  66. 66ThucydidesThucydides460 BC–395 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers2.1
  67. 67PythagorasPythagoras582 BC–490 BC · 1st millennium BC · Academics2.1
  68. 68PindarPindar517 BC–437 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers2.0
  69. 69Richard IIRichard II963–1026 · 10th century · 🇫🇷 France1.9
  70. 70Julius CaesarJulius Caesar100 BC–44 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians1.9
  71. 71SophoclesSophocles496 BC–406 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers1.9
  72. 72John SmithJohn Smith1580–1631 · 17th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Historical Figures1.8
  73. 73VespasianVespasian9–79 · 1st century · Politicians1.8
  74. 74AristophanesAristophanes445 BC–385 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers1.8
  75. 75William HenryWilliam Henry1774–1836 · 19th century · Scientists1.7
  76. 76Ben JonsonBen Jonson1572–1637 · 17th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers1.7
  77. 77Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great356 BC–323 BC · 1st millennium BC · Historical Figures1.7
  78. 78HippocratesHippocrates460 BC–370 BC · 1st millennium BC · Doctors1.7
  79. 79AlcibiadesAlcibiades450 BC–404 BC · 1st millennium BC · Politicians1.6
  80. 80AhabAhab918 BC–852 BC · 1st millennium BC · Models1.6
  81. 81Isaac NewtonIsaac Newton1642–1727 · 17th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Academics1.6
  82. 82WIWilliam III, Count of Burgundy1110–1127 · 12th century · Historical Figures1.6
  83. 83WIWilliam III, Marquess of Montferrat970–1042 · 11th century · Historical Figures1.6
  84. 84WIWilliam III, Count of Jülich1150–1218 · 12th century · Historical Figures1.6
  85. 85William III, Count of ToulouseWilliam III, Count of Toulouse975–1037 · 11th century · Historical Figures1.6
  86. 86WIWilliam III, Count of Genevaborn 1280 · 14th century1.6
  87. 87William III, Duke of BavariaWilliam III, Duke of Bavaria1375–1435 · 15th century · Historical Figures1.6
  88. 88WIWilliam III, Duke of Aquitaine910–963 · 10th century1.6
  89. 89John BullJohn Bull1562–1628 · 16th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Musicians1.6
  90. 90George II, Duke of Württemberg-MontbéliardGeorge II, Duke of Württemberg-Montbéliard1626–1699 · 17th century1.6
  91. 91George II, Duke of BriegGeorge II, Duke of Brieg1523–1586 · 16th century1.6
  92. 92George II, Duke of Münsterberg-OelsGeorge II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels1512–1553 · 16th century1.6
  93. 93PolybiusPolybius200 BC–120 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers1.5
  94. 94GalenGalen129–300 · 2nd century · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Doctors1.5
  95. 95HadrianHadrian76–138 · 2nd century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Historical Figures1.5
  96. 96LucretiusLucretius94 BC–55 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers1.5
  97. 97LucanLucan39–65 · 1st century · Writers1.4
  98. 98William JonesWilliam Jones1746–1794 · 18th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Academics1.4
  99. 99William the ConquerorWilliam the Conqueror1028–1087 · 11th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures1.4

Lived then

The most notable people whose working lives fell in the 19th century, ranked where Wikipedia coverage and readership agree.

CountryAll🇺🇸 United States🇫🇷 France🇩🇪 Germany🇬🇧 United Kingdom🇮🇹 Italy🇪🇸 Spain🇯🇵 Japan🇦🇹 Austria🇹🇷 Turkey🇸🇪 Sweden
FieldAllPoliticiansWritersHistorical FiguresScientistsAcademicsArtistsMusiciansDoctorsFoundersJournalists
  1. 1Karl MarxKarl Marx1818–1883 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics17 decades
  2. 2Friedrich NietzscheFriedrich Nietzsche1844–1900 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics15 decades
  3. 3Arthur SchopenhauerArthur Schopenhauer1788–1860 · Academics20 decades
  4. 4Georg Wilhelm Friedrich HegelGeorg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel1770–1831 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics21 decades
  5. 5Carl Friedrich GaussCarl Friedrich Gauss1777–1855 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics11 decades
  6. 6Ada LovelaceAda Lovelace1815–1852 · Academics3 decades
  7. 7Max WeberMax Weber1864–1920 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics15 decades
  8. 8Friedrich EngelsFriedrich Engels1820–1895 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics17 decades
  9. 9Søren KierkegaardSøren Kierkegaard1813–1855 · Academics3 decades
  10. 10Henri BergsonHenri Bergson1859–1941 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics12 decades
  11. 11Émile DurkheimÉmile Durkheim1858–1917 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics11 decades
  12. 12Thérèse of LisieuxThérèse of Lisieux1873–1897 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics10 decades
  13. 13David HilbertDavid Hilbert1862–1943 · Academics14 decades
  14. 14John Stuart MillJohn Stuart Mill1806–1873 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Academics18 decades
  15. 15Henri PoincaréHenri Poincaré1854–1912 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics13 decades
  16. 16Ralph Waldo EmersonRalph Waldo Emerson1803–1882 · 🇺🇸 United States · Academics19 decades
  17. 17Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie1835–1919 · 🇺🇸 United States · Academics14 decades
  18. 18Sofia KovalevskayaSofia Kovalevskaya1850–1891 · 🇸🇪 Sweden · Academics14 decades
  19. 19Auguste ComteAuguste Comte1798–1857 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics22 decades
  20. 20Jean-François ChampollionJean-François Champollion1790–1832 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics6 decades
  21. 21Nikolai LobachevskyNikolai Lobachevsky1792–1856 · Academics9 decades
  22. 22Ludwig FeuerbachLudwig Feuerbach1804–1872 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics19 decades
  23. 23Évariste GaloisÉvariste Galois1811–1832 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics6 decades
  24. 24John DeweyJohn Dewey1859–1952 · 🇺🇸 United States · Academics14 decades
  25. 25Theodor MommsenTheodor Mommsen1817–1903 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics18 decades
  26. 26Edmund HusserlEdmund Husserl1859–1938 · Academics12 decades
  27. 27Charles BabbageCharles Babbage1791–1871 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Academics20 decades
  28. 28Wilhelm von HumboldtWilhelm von Humboldt1767–1835 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics22 decades
  29. 29Vladimir VernadskyVladimir Vernadsky1863–1945 · Academics8 decades
  30. 30William JamesWilliam James1842–1910 · 🇺🇸 United States · Academics18 decades
  31. 31Joseph FourierJoseph Fourier1768–1830 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics11 decades
  32. 32Ferdinand de SaussureFerdinand de Saussure1857–1913 · 🇨🇭 Switzerland · Academics12 decades
  33. 33Thomas Robert MalthusThomas Robert Malthus1766–1834 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Academics8 decades
  34. 34Georg CantorGeorg Cantor1845–1918 · Academics14 decades
  35. 35Bernhard RiemannBernhard Riemann1826–1866 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics12 decades
  36. 36Vissarion BelinskyVissarion Belinsky1811–1848 · Academics15 decades
  37. 37Ernest RenanErnest Renan1823–1892 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics17 decades
  38. 38Swami VivekanandaSwami Vivekananda1863–1902 · 🇮🇳 India · Academics13 decades
  39. 39Georgi PlekhanovGeorgi Plekhanov1856–1918 · Academics11 decades
  40. 40Max StirnerMax Stirner1806–1856 · Academics18 decades
  41. 41Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph SchellingFriedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling1775–1854 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics9 decades
  42. 42Herbert SpencerHerbert Spencer1820–1903 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Academics17 decades
  43. 43Jacob GrimmJacob Grimm1785–1863 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics21 decades
  44. 44David RicardoDavid Ricardo1772–1823 · Academics21 decades
  45. 45Heinrich SchliemannHeinrich Schliemann1822–1890 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics15 decades
  46. 46Vladimir DalVladimir Dal1801–1872 · Academics10 decades
  47. 47Gustave Le BonGustave Le Bon1841–1931 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics15 decades
  48. 48Gottlob FregeGottlob Frege1848–1925 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics9 decades
  49. 49Sophie GermainSophie Germain1776–1831 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics18 decades
  50. 50Vladimir SolovyovVladimir Solovyov1853–1900 · Academics14 decades
  51. 51Vilfredo ParetoVilfredo Pareto1848–1923 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics13 decades
  52. 52Charles FourierCharles Fourier1772–1837 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics19 decades
  53. 53Alfred North WhiteheadAlfred North Whitehead1861–1947 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Academics10 decades
  54. 54RamakrishnaRamakrishna1836–1886 · 🇮🇳 India · Academics14 decades
  55. 55George BooleGeorge Boole1855–1864 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Academics9 decades
  56. 56Brigham YoungBrigham Young1801–1877 · 🇺🇸 United States · Academics19 decades
  57. 57Wilhelm WundtWilhelm Wundt1832–1920 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics15 decades
  58. 58Georg SimmelGeorg Simmel1858–1918 · Academics13 decades
  59. 59George SantayanaGeorge Santayana1863–1952 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Academics9 decades
  60. 60Charles Sanders PeirceCharles Sanders Peirce1839–1914 · 🇺🇸 United States · Academics9 decades
  61. 61François AragoFrançois Arago1786–1853 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics18 decades
  62. 62Augustin-Louis CauchyAugustin-Louis Cauchy1789–1857 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0 decades
  63. 63John HerschelJohn Herschel1792–1871 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Academics0 decades
  64. 64Niels Henrik AbelNiels Henrik Abel1802–1829 · 🇳🇴 Norway · Academics1 decades
  65. 65Francis GaltonFrancis Galton1822–1911 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Academics17 decades
  66. 66Jane AddamsJane Addams1860–1935 · 🇺🇸 United States · Academics14 decades
  67. 67Friedrich SchleiermacherFriedrich Schleiermacher1768–1834 · Academics21 decades
  68. 68Karl WeierstrassKarl Weierstrass1815–1897 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics8 decades
  69. 69Frédéric BastiatFrédéric Bastiat1801–1850 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics18 decades
  70. 70Hermann MinkowskiHermann Minkowski1864–1909 · Academics9 decades
  71. 71Allan KardecAllan Kardec1804–1869 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics16 decades
  72. 72Peter Gustav Lejeune DirichletPeter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet1805–1859 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics0 decades
  73. 73Louis Auguste BlanquiLouis Auguste Blanqui1805–1881 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics19 decades
  74. 74William Rowan HamiltonWilliam Rowan Hamilton1805–1865 · Academics16 decades
  75. 75Franz BoasFranz Boas1858–1942 · 🇺🇸 United States · Academics14 decades
  76. 76Carl Gustav Jacob JacobiCarl Gustav Jacob Jacobi1804–1851 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics1 decades
  77. 77Felix KleinFelix Klein1849–1925 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics15 decades
  78. 78Max MüllerMax Müller1823–1900 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics5 decades
  79. 79Andrey MarkovAndrey Markov1856–1922 · Academics6 decades
  80. 80Georges SorelGeorges Sorel1847–1922 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics12 decades
  81. 81Thorstein VeblenThorstein Veblen1857–1929 · 🇺🇸 United States · Academics11 decades
  82. 82Pafnuty ChebyshevPafnuty Chebyshev1821–1894 · Academics4 decades
  83. 83Eliezer Ben-YehudaEliezer Ben-Yehuda1858–1922 · Academicsnot measured—
  84. 84Mirza Ghulam AhmadMirza Ghulam Ahmad1835–1908 · 🇮🇳 India · Academics4 decades
  85. 85Houston Stewart ChamberlainHouston Stewart Chamberlain1855–1927 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics13 decades
  86. 86Alfred MarshallAlfred Marshall1842–1924 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Academics16 decades
  87. 87Jamāl al-Dīn al-AfghānīJamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī1838–1897 · Academicsnot measured—
  88. 88Henri FayolHenri Fayol1841–1925 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics11 decades
  89. 89James George FrazerJames George Frazer1854–1941 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Academics8 decades
  90. 90Muhammad AbduhMuhammad Abduh1849–1905 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Academics5 decades
  91. 91Henry GeorgeHenry George1839–1897 · 🇺🇸 United States · Academics19 decades
  92. 92August Heinrich Hoffmann von FallerslebenAugust Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben1798–1874 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics6 decades
  93. 93Oliver Wendell HolmesOliver Wendell Holmes1841–1935 · 🇺🇸 United States · Academics18 decades
  94. 94Karl PearsonKarl Pearson1857–1936 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Academics14 decades
  95. 95`Abdu'l-Bahá`Abdu'l-Bahá1844–1921 · Academics0 decades
  96. 96Kitasato ShibasaburōKitasato Shibasaburō1853–1931 · 🇯🇵 Japan · Academics0 decades
  97. 97Carl MengerCarl Menger1840–1921 · 🇦🇹 Austria · Academics14 decades
  98. 98Christian DopplerChristian Doppler1803–1853 · 🇦🇹 Austria · Academics8 decades
  99. 99Emil KraepelinEmil Kraepelin1856–1926 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics14 decades
  100. 100Bruno BauerBruno Bauer1809–1882 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics19 decades

How this is measured

  • Placing people in time. Each person belongs to the century in which they were most active — around age 35, and never after their death.
  • Who ranks highest. Within a century, people are ranked where two independent signals agree: how many of the world’s Wikipedia language editions cover them, and how many people actually read about them. Article counts alone can be lifted by a person’s own circle; readers cannot.
  • Fame in print. The curves count how often a name appears in Google Books from 1800 to 2019, as a share of all the words printed each year, in the person’s own language wherever that corpus exists. Those decades are over, so each measurement is made once and kept.
  • What is left out. A lifetime is measured only from 1820, when there is enough print to judge; the five years after a death are skipped as obituaries; and a name shared with someone equally notable is credited to neither.