1900–1909
The 1900s
Whose names filled the books of the 1900s — anyone at all, however long dead — counted as mentions per million words printed, so a period that simply published more does not inflate anyone.
Talked about then
Whose names appeared most in French books during the 1900s — whenever they lived.
In books written inEnglish17,919German3,582French3,276Italian1,768Spanish1,159Russian236Hebrew106Chinese88
#PersonIn print, 1800–2019Per million words
- 1
Louis XIV of France1638–1715 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures20 - 2
Voltaire1694–1778 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers20 - 3
Victor Hugo1802–1885 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers13 - 4
Molière1622–1673 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers13 - 5
Louis XVI of France1754–1793 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures11 - 6
Louis XV of France1710–1774 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures9.0 - 7
François Fénelon1651–1715 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures5.5
- 8
Louis XVIII of France1755–1824 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians5.0 - 9
Montesquieu1689–1755 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics4.8 - 10
Joan of Arc1412–1431 · 15th century · 🇫🇷 France4.7 - 11
Napoleon III1808–1873 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians4.2 - 12
Henry II of France1519–1559 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians4.0 - 13HIHenry II, Count of Euborn 1160 · 12th century · 🇫🇷 France4.0
- 14
George Sand1804–1876 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers3.6
- 15
Stendhal1783–1842 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers3.6 - 16
Marie Antoinette1755–1793 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures3.0 - 17
Auguste Comte1798–1857 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics2.8 - 18
Louis XII of France1462–1515 · 15th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures2.5 - 19
Francis de Sales1567–1622 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures2.4 - 20
Charles X of France1757–1836 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians2.2 - 21
Vincent de Paul1581–1660 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures2.1 - 22
Jules Ferry1832–1893 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.9 - 23
Jules Simon1814–1896 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.8 - 24
Charles Marie René Leconte de Lisle1818–1894 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.7
- 25
Anatole France1844–1924 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.7 - 26
Benjamin Constant1767–1830 · 19th century · 🇨🇭 Switzerland · Politicians1.6 - 27
Louis Blanc1811–1882 · 19th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians1.6 - 28
Philip V of Spain1683–1746 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.5 - 29
Alexandre Dumas fils1824–1895 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.5 - 30
Alexandre Dumas1802–1870 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.5 - 31
Marie de' Medici1575–1642 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.5
- 32
Alfred de Musset1810–1857 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.5 - 33
Claude Bernard1813–1878 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.4 - 34
Jules Favre1809–1880 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.4 - 35
Gaston Paris1839–1903 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.4 - 36
Louis XVII of France1785–1795 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France1.3 - 37
Paul Bourget1852–1935 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.3 - 38
Charles the Bold1433–1477 · 15th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.2 - 39
Théophile Gautier1811–1872 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.2 - 40
Alfred de Vigny1797–1863 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.2 - 41
Pope John XXII1244–1334 · 13th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures1.2
- 42
Jean-Jacques Rousseau1712–1778 · 18th century · 🇨🇭 Switzerland · Academics1.2 - 43
Joseph de Maistre1753–1821 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics1.2 - 44
Francis II of France1544–1560 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.1 - 45
Léon Bourgeois1851–1925 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.1 - 46
Pierre de Marivaux1688–1763 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.1 - 47
Pierre de Bourdeille, seigneur de Brantôme1540–1614 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.1 - 48
André Chénier1762–1794 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.0 - 49
Napoleon1769–1821 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures0.94 - 50
Salomon Reinach1858–1932 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.91 - 51
Jules Lemaître1853–1914 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.88 - 52
Pope Julius II1443–1513 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Religious Figures0.87 - 53
Sully Prudhomme1839–1907 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.79 - 54
Pierre Leroux1797–1871 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.75 - 55
Louis Bonaparte1778–1846 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.74 - 56
Paul Adam1862–1920 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.72 - 57
Charles de Lorraine de Vaudémont1561–1587 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures0.71
- 58
Charles of Lorraine1567–1607 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France0.71 - 59
Sarah Bernhardt1844–1923 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Actors0.68 - 60
Félix Faure1841–1899 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.68 - 61
La Grange1635–1692 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Actors0.68 - 62
Frédéric Passy1822–1912 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.66 - 63
Camille Desmoulins1760–1794 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Journalists0.66 - 64
Catulle Mendès1841–1909 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.64 - 65
Victor Cousin1792–1867 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.64 - 66
Pope Clement V1264–1314 · 13th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures0.63
- 67
François Coppée1842–1908 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.62 - 68
Arsène Arnaud Claretie1840–1913 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Journalists0.60 - 69
Anne of Brittany1477–1514 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France0.59 - 70
Alphonse Daudet1840–1897 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.59 - 71
César Franck1822–1890 · 19th century · Musicians0.55 - 72
Maurice Barrès1862–1923 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.55 - 73
René Bazin1853–1932 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.55 - 74
Maine de Biran1766–1824 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.54 - 75
Ernest Renan1823–1892 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.54 - 76
Odilon Barrot1791–1873 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.53 - 77
Charles Nodier1780–1844 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.50 - 78
Casimir Delavigne1793–1843 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.50 - 79
Edgar Quinet1803–1875 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.50 - 80
Margaret of Valois1553–1615 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.48 - 81
Pierre Corneille1606–1684 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.48 - 82
Victorien Sardou1831–1908 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.48 - 83
Pierre Loti1850–1923 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.46 - 84
Jules Verne1828–1905 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.46 - 85
Louis, Count of Soissons1604–1641 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France0.45 - 86
Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre1725–1793 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.45 - 87
Louis de Bourbon, Bishop of Liège1438–1482 · 15th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.45 - 88
Louis de Bourbon, Count of Clermont1709–1771 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France0.45 - 89
Louis, Count of Vermandois1667–1683 · 17th century0.45 - 90HOHelladius of Auxerredied 387 · 4th century · Religious Figures0.44
- 91
Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville1746–1795 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.44 - 92
Charlotte Corday1768–1793 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures0.44
- 93
Augustin Thierry1795–1856 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.43 - 94
Paul Deschanel1855–1922 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.43 - 95
Margaret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy1480–1530 · 16th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Artists0.42 - 96
Jules Guesde1845–1922 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Journalists0.42 - 97
Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon1635–1719 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.42 - 98
Ferdinand Buisson1841–1932 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.42 - 99
David d'Angers1788–1856 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Artists0.41 - 100
Gustave Moreau1826–1898 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Artists0.41
Lived then
The most notable people whose working lives fell in the 1900s, ranked where Wikipedia coverage and readership agree.
#PersonIn print, 1800–2019Echoed
- 1
Vladimir Lenin1870–1924 · Politicians12 decades - 2
Winston Churchill1874–1965 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Politicians13 decades - 3
Marie Curie1867–1934 · Scientists4 decades - 4
Nicholas II of Russia1868–1918 · Historical Figures14 decades - 5
Mahatma Gandhi1869–1948 · 🇮🇳 India · Activists10 decades - 6
Sun Yat-sen1866–1925 · 🇨🇳 China · Politicians12 decades - 7
Rosa Luxemburg1871–1919 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Activists13 decades - 8
Grigori Rasputin1869–1916 · Politicians11 decades - 9
Marcel Proust1871–1922 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers12 decades - 10
Henri Matisse1869–1954 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists12 decades - 11
George V1865–1936 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Historical Figures16 decades - 12
Maxim Gorky1868–1936 · Writers13 decades - 13
Wassily Kandinsky1866–1944 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists4 decades - 14
Roald Amundsen1872–1928 · 🇳🇴 Norway · Historical Figures12 decades - 15
Rudyard Kipling1865–1936 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers13 decades - 16
H. G. Wells1866–1946 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers16 decades - 17
Bertrand Russell1872–1970 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Academics13 decades - 18
Harry Houdini1874–1926 · Actors7 decades - 19
Neville Chamberlain1869–1940 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Politicians16 decades - 20
Herbert Hoover1874–1964 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians11 decades - 21
Frank Lloyd Wright1867–1959 · 🇺🇸 United States · Architects12 decades - 22
Sergei Rachmaninoff1873–1943 · Musicians8 decades - 23
Calvin Coolidge1872–1933 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians11 decades - 24
G. K. Chesterton1874–1936 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers12 decades - 25
Warren G. Harding1865–1923 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians11 decades - 26
Victor Emmanuel III of Italy1869–1947 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Historical Figures8 decades - 27
Beatrix Potter1866–1943 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers10 decades - 28
Haakon VII of Norway1872–1957 · 🇳🇴 Norway · Historical Figures0 decades - 29
Józef Piłsudski1867–1935 · Politicians3 decades - 30
Maria Montessori1870–1952 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Doctors12 decades - 31
Ernest Shackleton1874–1922 · Historical Figures11 decades - 32
Laura Ingalls Wilder1867–1957 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers8 decades - 33
W. E. B. Du Bois1868–1963 · 🇺🇸 United States · Academics12 decades - 34
W. Somerset Maugham1874–1965 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers0 decades - 35
W. B. Yeats1865–1939 · Writers12 decades - 36
Alexandra Feodorovna1872–1918 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures0 decades - 37
Jules Rimet1873–1956 · 🇫🇷 France · Lawyers3 decades - 38
Erik Satie1866–1925 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians11 decades - 39
Mary of Teck1867–1953 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Historical Figures1 decades - 40
Gertrude Stein1874–1946 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers10 decades - 41
Colette1873–1954 · 🇫🇷 France · Writersnot measured— - 42
Erich Ludendorff1865–1937 · Politicians10 decades - 43
Guglielmo Marconi1874–1937 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Scientists13 decades - 44
Emma Goldman1869–1940 · Journalists12 decades - 45
Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim1867–1951 · Politicians0 decades - 46
Natsume Sōseki1867–1916 · 🇯🇵 Japan · Writers0 decades - 47
Piet Mondrian1872–1944 · 🇳🇱 Netherlands · Artists7 decades - 48
Fritz Haber1868–1934 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Scientists11 decades - 49
Alexander Kolchak1874–1920 · Politicians4 decades - 50
André Gide1869–1951 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers13 decades - 51
Ernest Rutherford1871–1937 · 🇳🇿 New Zealand · Scientists12 decades - 52
Alfred Adler1870–1937 · 🇦🇹 Austria · Academics11 decades - 53
Robert Frost1874–1963 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers13 decades - 54
Lucy Maud Montgomery1874–1942 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Writers3 decades - 55
Jean Sibelius1865–1957 · Musicians0 decades - 56
Friedrich Ebert1871–1925 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians11 decades - 57
Maud of Wales1869–1938 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Historical Figures1 decades - 58
Nadezhda Krupskaya1869–1939 · Politicians11 decades
- 59
Pierre Bonnard1867–1947 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists13 decades - 60
Howard Carter1874–1939 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Academics12 decades - 61
Albert Fish1870–1936 · 🇺🇸 United States · Historical Figuresnot measured— - 62
Léon Blum1872–1950 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians13 decades - 63
Ivan Bunin1870–1953 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers11 decades - 64
Constantine I of Greece1868–1923 · Historical Figures0 decades - 65
Miklós Horthy1868–1957 · Politicians1 decades - 66
Robert Falcon Scott1868–1912 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Historical Figures3 decades - 67
Gertrude Bell1868–1926 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers10 decades - 68
Christian X of Denmark1870–1947 · Historical Figures0 decades - 69
Karl Liebknecht1871–1919 · Politicians11 decades - 70
George Gurdjieff1866–1949 · Academics0 decades
- 71
Stanley Baldwin1867–1947 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Politicians10 decades - 72
Margaret Brown1867–1932 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors16 decades - 73
Pietro Badoglio1871–1956 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians11 decades - 74
Enrico Caruso1873–1921 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Musicians12 decades - 75
Scott Joplin1868–1917 · 🇺🇸 United States · Musicians7 decades - 76
Luigi Pirandello1867–1936 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers13 decades - 77
Alexander Scriabin1871–1915 · Musicians3 decades - 78
Arnold Schoenberg1874–1951 · 🇦🇹 Austria · Musicians11 decades - 79
Abdulmejid II1868–1944 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Artistsnot measured— - 80
Aurobindo Ghosh1872–1950 · 🇮🇳 India · Academics4 decades - 81
Miguel Primo de Rivera1870–1930 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 82
Emilio Aguinaldo1869–1964 · Politicians13 decades - 83
Maria Goretti1890–1902 · 🇮🇹 Italynot measured— - 84
Magnus Hirschfeld1868–1935 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctors12 decades - 85
Talaat Pasha1874–1921 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politicians5 decades - 86
Sai Baba of Shirdidied 1918not measured— - 87
Francisco I. Madero1873–1913 · 🇲🇽 Mexico · Activists12 decades - 88
Alexandra Kollontai1872–1952 · Politicians7 decades - 89
Anton Denikin1872–1947 · Writers3 decades
- 90
Ramsay MacDonald1866–1937 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Politicians12 decades - 91
Mary Mallon1869–1938 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdomnot measured— - 92
Gustav Holst1874–1934 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Musicians7 decades - 93
Romain Rolland1866–1944 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers13 decades - 94
Alberto Santos-Dumont1873–1932 · 🇧🇷 Brazil · Scientists0 decades - 95
Benedetto Croce1866–1952 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Academics14 decades - 96
Chaim Weizmann1874–1952 · 🇮🇱 Israel · Politicians11 decades - 97
Guangxu Emperor1871–1908 · 🇨🇳 China7 decades - 98
Lesya Ukrainka1871–1913 · Writers1 decades - 99
Grazia Deledda1871–1936 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers13 decades - 100
Albert Lebrun1871–1950 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians11 decades
How this is measured
- Placing people in time. Each person belongs to the century in which they were most active — around age 35, and never after their death.
- Who ranks highest. Within a century, people are ranked where two independent signals agree: how many of the world’s Wikipedia language editions cover them, and how many people actually read about them. Article counts alone can be lifted by a person’s own circle; readers cannot.
- Fame in print. The curves count how often a name appears in Google Books from 1800 to 2019, as a share of all the words printed each year, in the person’s own language wherever that corpus exists. Those decades are over, so each measurement is made once and kept.
- What is left out. A lifetime is measured only from 1820, when there is enough print to judge; the five years after a death are skipped as obituaries; and a name shared with someone equally notable is credited to neither.