1900–1909

The 1900s

Whose names filled the books of the 1900s — anyone at all, however long dead — counted as mentions per million words printed, so a period that simply published more does not inflate anyone.

Talked about then

Whose names appeared most in French books during the 1900s — whenever they lived.

  1. 1Louis XIV of FranceLouis XIV of France1638–1715 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures20
  2. 2VoltaireVoltaire1694–1778 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers20
  3. 3Victor HugoVictor Hugo1802–1885 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers13
  4. 4MolièreMolière1622–1673 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers13
  5. 5Louis XVI of FranceLouis XVI of France1754–1793 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures11
  6. 6Louis XV of FranceLouis XV of France1710–1774 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures9.0
  7. 7François FénelonFrançois Fénelon1651–1715 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures5.5
  8. 8Louis XVIII of FranceLouis XVIII of France1755–1824 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians5.0
  9. 9MontesquieuMontesquieu1689–1755 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics4.8
  10. 10Joan of ArcJoan of Arc1412–1431 · 15th century · 🇫🇷 France4.7
  11. 11Napoleon IIINapoleon III1808–1873 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians4.2
  12. 12Henry II of FranceHenry II of France1519–1559 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians4.0
  13. 13HIHenry II, Count of Euborn 1160 · 12th century · 🇫🇷 France4.0
  14. 14George SandGeorge Sand1804–1876 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers3.6
  15. 15StendhalStendhal1783–1842 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers3.6
  16. 16Marie AntoinetteMarie Antoinette1755–1793 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures3.0
  17. 17Auguste ComteAuguste Comte1798–1857 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics2.8
  18. 18Louis XII of FranceLouis XII of France1462–1515 · 15th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures2.5
  19. 19Francis de SalesFrancis de Sales1567–1622 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures2.4
  20. 20Charles X of FranceCharles X of France1757–1836 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians2.2
  21. 21Vincent de PaulVincent de Paul1581–1660 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures2.1
  22. 22Jules FerryJules Ferry1832–1893 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.9
  23. 23Jules SimonJules Simon1814–1896 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.8
  24. 24Charles Marie René Leconte de LisleCharles Marie René Leconte de Lisle1818–1894 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.7
  25. 25Anatole FranceAnatole France1844–1924 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.7
  26. 26Benjamin ConstantBenjamin Constant1767–1830 · 19th century · 🇨🇭 Switzerland · Politicians1.6
  27. 27Louis BlancLouis Blanc1811–1882 · 19th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians1.6
  28. 28Philip V of SpainPhilip V of Spain1683–1746 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.5
  29. 29Alexandre Dumas filsAlexandre Dumas fils1824–1895 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.5
  30. 30Alexandre DumasAlexandre Dumas1802–1870 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.5
  31. 31Marie de' MediciMarie de' Medici1575–1642 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.5
  32. 32Alfred de MussetAlfred de Musset1810–1857 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.5
  33. 33Claude BernardClaude Bernard1813–1878 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.4
  34. 34Jules FavreJules Favre1809–1880 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.4
  35. 35Gaston ParisGaston Paris1839–1903 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.4
  36. 36Louis XVII of FranceLouis XVII of France1785–1795 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France1.3
  37. 37Paul BourgetPaul Bourget1852–1935 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.3
  38. 38Charles the BoldCharles the Bold1433–1477 · 15th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.2
  39. 39Théophile GautierThéophile Gautier1811–1872 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.2
  40. 40Alfred de VignyAlfred de Vigny1797–1863 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.2
  41. 41Pope John XXIIPope John XXII1244–1334 · 13th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures1.2
  42. 42Jean-Jacques RousseauJean-Jacques Rousseau1712–1778 · 18th century · 🇨🇭 Switzerland · Academics1.2
  43. 43Joseph de MaistreJoseph de Maistre1753–1821 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics1.2
  44. 44Francis II of FranceFrancis II of France1544–1560 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.1
  45. 45Léon BourgeoisLéon Bourgeois1851–1925 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.1
  46. 46Pierre de MarivauxPierre de Marivaux1688–1763 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.1
  47. 47Pierre de Bourdeille, seigneur de BrantômePierre de Bourdeille, seigneur de Brantôme1540–1614 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.1
  48. 48André ChénierAndré Chénier1762–1794 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.0
  49. 49NapoleonNapoleon1769–1821 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures0.94
  50. 50Salomon ReinachSalomon Reinach1858–1932 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.91
  51. 51Jules LemaîtreJules Lemaître1853–1914 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.88
  52. 52Pope Julius IIPope Julius II1443–1513 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Religious Figures0.87
  53. 53Sully PrudhommeSully Prudhomme1839–1907 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.79
  54. 54Pierre LerouxPierre Leroux1797–1871 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.75
  55. 55Louis BonaparteLouis Bonaparte1778–1846 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.74
  56. 56Paul AdamPaul Adam1862–1920 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.72
  57. 57Charles de Lorraine de VaudémontCharles de Lorraine de Vaudémont1561–1587 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures0.71
  58. 58Charles of LorraineCharles of Lorraine1567–1607 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France0.71
  59. 59Sarah BernhardtSarah Bernhardt1844–1923 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Actors0.68
  60. 60Félix FaureFélix Faure1841–1899 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.68
  61. 61La GrangeLa Grange1635–1692 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Actors0.68
  62. 62Frédéric PassyFrédéric Passy1822–1912 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.66
  63. 63Camille DesmoulinsCamille Desmoulins1760–1794 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Journalists0.66
  64. 64Catulle MendèsCatulle Mendès1841–1909 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.64
  65. 65Victor CousinVictor Cousin1792–1867 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.64
  66. 66Pope Clement VPope Clement V1264–1314 · 13th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures0.63
  67. 67François CoppéeFrançois Coppée1842–1908 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.62
  68. 68Arsène Arnaud ClaretieArsène Arnaud Claretie1840–1913 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Journalists0.60
  69. 69Anne of BrittanyAnne of Brittany1477–1514 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France0.59
  70. 70Alphonse DaudetAlphonse Daudet1840–1897 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.59
  71. 71César FranckCésar Franck1822–1890 · 19th century · Musicians0.55
  72. 72Maurice BarrèsMaurice Barrès1862–1923 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.55
  73. 73René BazinRené Bazin1853–1932 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.55
  74. 74Maine de BiranMaine de Biran1766–1824 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.54
  75. 75Ernest RenanErnest Renan1823–1892 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.54
  76. 76Odilon BarrotOdilon Barrot1791–1873 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.53
  77. 77Charles NodierCharles Nodier1780–1844 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.50
  78. 78Casimir DelavigneCasimir Delavigne1793–1843 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.50
  79. 79Edgar QuinetEdgar Quinet1803–1875 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.50
  80. 80Margaret of ValoisMargaret of Valois1553–1615 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.48
  81. 81Pierre CorneillePierre Corneille1606–1684 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.48
  82. 82Victorien SardouVictorien Sardou1831–1908 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.48
  83. 83Pierre LotiPierre Loti1850–1923 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.46
  84. 84Jules VerneJules Verne1828–1905 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.46
  85. 85Louis, Count of SoissonsLouis, Count of Soissons1604–1641 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France0.45
  86. 86Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of PenthièvreLouis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre1725–1793 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.45
  87. 87Louis de Bourbon, Bishop of LiègeLouis de Bourbon, Bishop of Liège1438–1482 · 15th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.45
  88. 88Louis de Bourbon, Count of ClermontLouis de Bourbon, Count of Clermont1709–1771 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France0.45
  89. 89Louis, Count of VermandoisLouis, Count of Vermandois1667–1683 · 17th century0.45
  90. 90HOHelladius of Auxerredied 387 · 4th century · Religious Figures0.44
  91. 91Antoine Quentin Fouquier-TinvilleAntoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville1746–1795 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.44
  92. 92Charlotte CordayCharlotte Corday1768–1793 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures0.44
  93. 93Augustin ThierryAugustin Thierry1795–1856 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.43
  94. 94Paul DeschanelPaul Deschanel1855–1922 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.43
  95. 95Margaret of Austria, Duchess of SavoyMargaret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy1480–1530 · 16th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Artists0.42
  96. 96Jules GuesdeJules Guesde1845–1922 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Journalists0.42
  97. 97Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de MaintenonFrançoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon1635–1719 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.42
  98. 98Ferdinand BuissonFerdinand Buisson1841–1932 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.42
  99. 99David d'AngersDavid d'Angers1788–1856 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Artists0.41
  100. 100Gustave MoreauGustave Moreau1826–1898 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Artists0.41

Lived then

The most notable people whose working lives fell in the 1900s, ranked where Wikipedia coverage and readership agree.

  1. 1Vladimir LeninVladimir Lenin1870–1924 · Politicians12 decades
  2. 2Winston ChurchillWinston Churchill1874–1965 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Politicians13 decades
  3. 3Marie CurieMarie Curie1867–1934 · Scientists4 decades
  4. 4Nicholas II of RussiaNicholas II of Russia1868–1918 · Historical Figures14 decades
  5. 5Mahatma GandhiMahatma Gandhi1869–1948 · 🇮🇳 India · Activists10 decades
  6. 6Sun Yat-senSun Yat-sen1866–1925 · 🇨🇳 China · Politicians12 decades
  7. 7Rosa LuxemburgRosa Luxemburg1871–1919 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Activists13 decades
  8. 8Grigori RasputinGrigori Rasputin1869–1916 · Politicians11 decades
  9. 9Marcel ProustMarcel Proust1871–1922 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers12 decades
  10. 10Henri MatisseHenri Matisse1869–1954 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists12 decades
  11. 11George VGeorge V1865–1936 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Historical Figures16 decades
  12. 12Maxim GorkyMaxim Gorky1868–1936 · Writers13 decades
  13. 13Wassily KandinskyWassily Kandinsky1866–1944 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists4 decades
  14. 14Roald AmundsenRoald Amundsen1872–1928 · 🇳🇴 Norway · Historical Figures12 decades
  15. 15Rudyard KiplingRudyard Kipling1865–1936 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers13 decades
  16. 16H. G. WellsH. G. Wells1866–1946 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers16 decades
  17. 17Bertrand RussellBertrand Russell1872–1970 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Academics13 decades
  18. 18Harry HoudiniHarry Houdini1874–1926 · Actors7 decades
  19. 19Neville ChamberlainNeville Chamberlain1869–1940 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Politicians16 decades
  20. 20Herbert HooverHerbert Hoover1874–1964 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians11 decades
  21. 21Frank Lloyd WrightFrank Lloyd Wright1867–1959 · 🇺🇸 United States · Architects12 decades
  22. 22Sergei RachmaninoffSergei Rachmaninoff1873–1943 · Musicians8 decades
  23. 23Calvin CoolidgeCalvin Coolidge1872–1933 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians11 decades
  24. 24G. K. ChestertonG. K. Chesterton1874–1936 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers12 decades
  25. 25Warren G. HardingWarren G. Harding1865–1923 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians11 decades
  26. 26Victor Emmanuel III of ItalyVictor Emmanuel III of Italy1869–1947 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Historical Figures8 decades
  27. 27Beatrix PotterBeatrix Potter1866–1943 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers10 decades
  28. 28Haakon VII of NorwayHaakon VII of Norway1872–1957 · 🇳🇴 Norway · Historical Figures0 decades
  29. 29Józef PiłsudskiJózef Piłsudski1867–1935 · Politicians3 decades
  30. 30Maria MontessoriMaria Montessori1870–1952 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Doctors12 decades
  31. 31Ernest ShackletonErnest Shackleton1874–1922 · Historical Figures11 decades
  32. 32Laura Ingalls WilderLaura Ingalls Wilder1867–1957 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers8 decades
  33. 33W. E. B. Du BoisW. E. B. Du Bois1868–1963 · 🇺🇸 United States · Academics12 decades
  34. 34W. Somerset MaughamW. Somerset Maugham1874–1965 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers0 decades
  35. 35W. B. YeatsW. B. Yeats1865–1939 · Writers12 decades
  36. 36Alexandra FeodorovnaAlexandra Feodorovna1872–1918 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures0 decades
  37. 37Jules RimetJules Rimet1873–1956 · 🇫🇷 France · Lawyers3 decades
  38. 38Erik SatieErik Satie1866–1925 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians11 decades
  39. 39Mary of TeckMary of Teck1867–1953 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Historical Figures1 decades
  40. 40Gertrude SteinGertrude Stein1874–1946 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers10 decades
  41. 41ColetteColette1873–1954 · 🇫🇷 France · Writersnot measured
  42. 42Erich LudendorffErich Ludendorff1865–1937 · Politicians10 decades
  43. 43Guglielmo MarconiGuglielmo Marconi1874–1937 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Scientists13 decades
  44. 44Emma GoldmanEmma Goldman1869–1940 · Journalists12 decades
  45. 45Carl Gustaf Emil MannerheimCarl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim1867–1951 · Politicians0 decades
  46. 46Natsume SōsekiNatsume Sōseki1867–1916 · 🇯🇵 Japan · Writers0 decades
  47. 47Piet MondrianPiet Mondrian1872–1944 · 🇳🇱 Netherlands · Artists7 decades
  48. 48Fritz HaberFritz Haber1868–1934 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Scientists11 decades
  49. 49Alexander KolchakAlexander Kolchak1874–1920 · Politicians4 decades
  50. 50André GideAndré Gide1869–1951 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers13 decades
  51. 51Ernest RutherfordErnest Rutherford1871–1937 · 🇳🇿 New Zealand · Scientists12 decades
  52. 52Alfred AdlerAlfred Adler1870–1937 · 🇦🇹 Austria · Academics11 decades
  53. 53Robert FrostRobert Frost1874–1963 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers13 decades
  54. 54Lucy Maud MontgomeryLucy Maud Montgomery1874–1942 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Writers3 decades
  55. 55Jean SibeliusJean Sibelius1865–1957 · Musicians0 decades
  56. 56Friedrich EbertFriedrich Ebert1871–1925 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians11 decades
  57. 57Maud of WalesMaud of Wales1869–1938 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Historical Figures1 decades
  58. 58Nadezhda KrupskayaNadezhda Krupskaya1869–1939 · Politicians11 decades
  59. 59Pierre BonnardPierre Bonnard1867–1947 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists13 decades
  60. 60Howard CarterHoward Carter1874–1939 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Academics12 decades
  61. 61Albert FishAlbert Fish1870–1936 · 🇺🇸 United States · Historical Figuresnot measured
  62. 62Léon BlumLéon Blum1872–1950 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians13 decades
  63. 63Ivan BuninIvan Bunin1870–1953 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers11 decades
  64. 64Constantine I of GreeceConstantine I of Greece1868–1923 · Historical Figures0 decades
  65. 65Miklós HorthyMiklós Horthy1868–1957 · Politicians1 decades
  66. 66Robert Falcon ScottRobert Falcon Scott1868–1912 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Historical Figures3 decades
  67. 67Gertrude BellGertrude Bell1868–1926 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers10 decades
  68. 68Christian X of DenmarkChristian X of Denmark1870–1947 · Historical Figures0 decades
  69. 69Karl LiebknechtKarl Liebknecht1871–1919 · Politicians11 decades
  70. 70George GurdjieffGeorge Gurdjieff1866–1949 · Academics0 decades
  71. 71Stanley BaldwinStanley Baldwin1867–1947 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Politicians10 decades
  72. 72Margaret BrownMargaret Brown1867–1932 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors16 decades
  73. 73Pietro BadoglioPietro Badoglio1871–1956 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians11 decades
  74. 74Enrico CarusoEnrico Caruso1873–1921 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Musicians12 decades
  75. 75Scott JoplinScott Joplin1868–1917 · 🇺🇸 United States · Musicians7 decades
  76. 76Luigi PirandelloLuigi Pirandello1867–1936 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers13 decades
  77. 77Alexander ScriabinAlexander Scriabin1871–1915 · Musicians3 decades
  78. 78Arnold SchoenbergArnold Schoenberg1874–1951 · 🇦🇹 Austria · Musicians11 decades
  79. 79Abdulmejid IIAbdulmejid II1868–1944 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Artistsnot measured
  80. 80Aurobindo GhoshAurobindo Ghosh1872–1950 · 🇮🇳 India · Academics4 decades
  81. 81Miguel Primo de RiveraMiguel Primo de Rivera1870–1930 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured
  82. 82Emilio AguinaldoEmilio Aguinaldo1869–1964 · Politicians13 decades
  83. 83Maria GorettiMaria Goretti1890–1902 · 🇮🇹 Italynot measured
  84. 84Magnus HirschfeldMagnus Hirschfeld1868–1935 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctors12 decades
  85. 85Talaat PashaTalaat Pasha1874–1921 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politicians5 decades
  86. 86Sai Baba of ShirdiSai Baba of Shirdidied 1918not measured
  87. 87Francisco I. MaderoFrancisco I. Madero1873–1913 · 🇲🇽 Mexico · Activists12 decades
  88. 88Alexandra KollontaiAlexandra Kollontai1872–1952 · Politicians7 decades
  89. 89Anton DenikinAnton Denikin1872–1947 · Writers3 decades
  90. 90Ramsay MacDonaldRamsay MacDonald1866–1937 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Politicians12 decades
  91. 91Mary MallonMary Mallon1869–1938 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdomnot measured
  92. 92Gustav HolstGustav Holst1874–1934 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Musicians7 decades
  93. 93Romain RollandRomain Rolland1866–1944 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers13 decades
  94. 94Alberto Santos-DumontAlberto Santos-Dumont1873–1932 · 🇧🇷 Brazil · Scientists0 decades
  95. 95Benedetto CroceBenedetto Croce1866–1952 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Academics14 decades
  96. 96Chaim WeizmannChaim Weizmann1874–1952 · 🇮🇱 Israel · Politicians11 decades
  97. 97Guangxu EmperorGuangxu Emperor1871–1908 · 🇨🇳 China7 decades
  98. 98Lesya UkrainkaLesya Ukrainka1871–1913 · Writers1 decades
  99. 99Grazia DeleddaGrazia Deledda1871–1936 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers13 decades
  100. 100Albert LebrunAlbert Lebrun1871–1950 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians11 decades

How this is measured

  • Placing people in time. Each person belongs to the century in which they were most active — around age 35, and never after their death.
  • Who ranks highest. Within a century, people are ranked where two independent signals agree: how many of the world’s Wikipedia language editions cover them, and how many people actually read about them. Article counts alone can be lifted by a person’s own circle; readers cannot.
  • Fame in print. The curves count how often a name appears in Google Books from 1800 to 2019, as a share of all the words printed each year, in the person’s own language wherever that corpus exists. Those decades are over, so each measurement is made once and kept.
  • What is left out. A lifetime is measured only from 1820, when there is enough print to judge; the five years after a death are skipped as obituaries; and a name shared with someone equally notable is credited to neither.