French playwright and actor (1622–1673)
He collapsed onstage mid-performance, blood in his throat, playing a man afraid of dying. Four centuries later his comedies still pack French theaters more than any other playwright's — and gave his language its nickname.
Born Jean-Baptiste Poquelin on 15 January 1622 into a prosperous family, he studied at the Collège de Clermont then spent thirteen years as an itinerant actor, sharpening his craft and blending Commedia dell'arte with French comedy. Through the patronage of Philippe I, Duke of Orléans — Louis XIV's brother — he secured a command performance at the Louvre; the King granted him the grande salle of the Petit-Bourbon and later the Palais-Royal. Hits like The Affected Ladies, The School for Husbands, and The School for Wives won him a royal pension and the title Troupe du Roi, making him official a…
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