Claim profile
1870–1879

The 1870s

Whose names filled the books of the 1870s — anyone at all, however long dead — counted as mentions per million words printed, so a period that simply published more does not inflate anyone.

Talked about then

Whose names appeared most in Italian books during the 1870s — whenever they lived.

In books written inEnglish14,075German3,121French2,919Italian1,652Spanish982Russian180Hebrew93Chinese2
  1. 1GiottoGiotto1267–1337 · 14th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists5.1
  2. 2Antonio da CorreggioAntonio da Correggio1489–1534 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists4.9
  3. 3Dante AlighieriDante Alighieri1265–1321 · 14th century · Writers3.7
  4. 4Alessandro ManzoniAlessandro Manzoni1785–1873 · 19th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers3.4
  5. 5Pietro PeruginoPietro Perugino1448–1523 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists2.4
  6. 6Dino CompagniDino Compagni1255–1324 · 13th century · Writers2.4
  7. 7Donato BramanteDonato Bramante1444–1514 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Architects2.3
  8. 8Ugo FoscoloUgo Foscolo1778–1827 · 19th century · Writers2.3
  9. 9PetrarchPetrarch1304–1374 · 14th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Academics2.3
  10. 10Pietro AretinoPietro Aretino1492–1556 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers2.3
  11. 11Torquato TassoTorquato Tasso1544–1595 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers2.1
  12. 12Leonardo da VinciLeonardo da Vinci1452–1519 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists2.0
  13. 13Marco PoloMarco Polo1254–1324 · 13th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians2.0
  14. 14Lorenzo de' MediciLorenzo de' Medici1449–1492 · 15th century · Politicians2.0
  15. 15CaravaggioCaravaggio1571–1610 · 17th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists1.9
  16. 16Cesare CantùCesare Cantù1804–1895 · 19th century · Writers1.9
  17. 17Galileo GalileiGalileo Galilei1564–1642 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Scientists1.8
  18. 18Cesare BalboCesare Balbo1789–1853 · 19th century · Politicians1.7
  19. 19Massimo d'AzeglioMassimo d'Azeglio1798–1866 · 19th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians1.7
  20. 20Erasmo of NarniErasmo of Narni1370–1443 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy1.6
  21. 21Andrea DoriaAndrea Doria1466–1560 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians1.6
  22. 22Charles BorromeoCharles Borromeo1538–1584 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Religious Figures1.5
  23. 23Giuseppe MazziniGiuseppe Mazzini1805–1872 · 19th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Activists1.5
  24. 24Silvio PellicoSilvio Pellico1789–1854 · 19th century · Writers1.5
  25. 25DonatelloDonatello1386–1466 · 15th century · Artists1.4
  26. 26Philip NeriPhilip Neri1515–1595 · 16th century · Religious Figures1.3
  27. 27Cesare BorgiaCesare Borgia1475–1507 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Historical Figures1.3
  28. 28CimabueCimabue1240–1302 · 13th century · Artists1.3
  29. 29Cosimo de' MediciCosimo de' Medici1389–1464 · 15th century · Politicians1.2
  30. 30Filippo Maria ViscontiFilippo Maria Visconti1392–1447 · 15th century · Politicians1.2
  31. 31Giacomo LeopardiGiacomo Leopardi1798–1837 · 19th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers1.2
  32. 32Vincenzo GiobertiVincenzo Gioberti1801–1852 · 19th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Academics1.2
  33. 33Francis of AssisiFrancis of Assisi1182–1226 · 13th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers1.2
  34. 34Giordano BrunoGiordano Bruno1548–1600 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Academics1.1
  35. 35Paul the DeaconPaul the Deacon720–799 · 8th century · Writers1.1
  36. 36Giovanni BoccaccioGiovanni Boccaccio1313–1375 · 14th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers1.1
  37. 37Niccolò MachiavelliNiccolò Machiavelli1469–1527 · 16th century · Politicians1.1
  38. 38Lucrezia BorgiaLucrezia Borgia1480–1519 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Historical Figures1.1
  39. 39Vittorio AlfieriVittorio Alfieri1749–1803 · 18th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Historical Figures1.0
  40. 40Alessandro CagliostroAlessandro Cagliostro1743–1795 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors1.0
  41. 41TintorettoTintoretto1519–1594 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.99
  42. 42MichelangeloMichelangelo1475–1564 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.92
  43. 43Giulio RomanoGiulio Romano1499–1546 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.91
  44. 44Guido CavalcantiGuido Cavalcanti1258–1300 · 13th century · Writers0.90
  45. 45MasaccioMasaccio1401–1428 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.88
  46. 46Girolamo SavonarolaGirolamo Savonarola1452–1498 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians0.86
  47. 47Benvenuto CelliniBenvenuto Cellini1500–1571 · 16th century · Artists0.84
  48. 48Paolo SarpiPaolo Sarpi1552–1623 · 16th century · Academics0.84
  49. 49Apostolo ZenoApostolo Zeno1668–1750 · 18th century · Writers0.83
  50. 50Vittoria ColonnaVittoria Colonna1492–1547 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.81
  51. 51Giuseppe GiustiGiuseppe Giusti1809–1850 · 19th century · Writers0.80
  52. 52Andrea del SartoAndrea del Sarto1486–1530 · 16th century · Artists0.77
  53. 53GuercinoGuercino1591–1666 · 17th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.77
  54. 54Francesco GonzagaFrancesco Gonzaga1444–1483 · 15th century0.76
  55. 55Salvator RosaSalvator Rosa1615–1673 · 17th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.76
  56. 56Niccolò TommaseoNiccolò Tommaseo1802–1874 · 19th century · Academics0.75
  57. 57Aloysius GonzagaAloysius Gonzaga1568–1591 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Religious Figures0.75
  58. 58Prospero ColonnaProspero Colonna1452–1523 · 15th century0.73
  59. 59DomenichinoDomenichino1581–1641 · 17th century · Artists0.72
  60. 60Giorgio VasariGiorgio Vasari1511–1574 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.68
  61. 61Paolo VeronesePaolo Veronese1528–1588 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.67
  62. 62Franco SacchettiFranco Sacchetti1332–1400 · 14th century · Writers0.66
  63. 63Galeazzo Maria SforzaGaleazzo Maria Sforza1444–1476 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians0.66
  64. 64Pietro VerriPietro Verri1728–1797 · 18th century · Academics0.64
  65. 65Cesare BeccariaCesare Beccaria1738–1794 · 18th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Academics0.64
  66. 66Francesco Scipione, marchese di MaffeiFrancesco Scipione, marchese di Maffei1675–1755 · 18th century · Writers0.62
  67. 67Guido ReniGuido Reni1575–1642 · 17th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.62
  68. 68Antonio RosminiAntonio Rosmini1797–1855 · 19th century · Academics0.61
  69. 69Francesca da RiminiFrancesca da Rimini1259–1285 · 13th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.60
  70. 70PinturicchioPinturicchio1454–1513 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.58
  71. 71AMAldus Manutius the Younger1547–1597 · 16th century0.58
  72. 72Aldus ManutiusAldus Manutius1449–1515 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy0.58
  73. 73Giosuè CarducciGiosuè Carducci1835–1907 · 19th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.56
  74. 74Marco MinghettiMarco Minghetti1818–1886 · 19th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians0.54
  75. 75Francesco GuicciardiniFrancesco Guicciardini1483–1540 · 16th century · Writers0.53
  76. 76Marsilio FicinoMarsilio Ficino1433–1499 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Academics0.53
  77. 77Bernardino of SienaBernardino of Siena1380–1444 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Academics0.52
  78. 78Baldassare FranceschiniBaldassare Franceschini1611–1690 · 17th century · Artists0.52
  79. 79Leon Battista AlbertiLeon Battista Alberti1404–1472 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Architects0.51
  80. 80Catherine de' MediciCatherine de' Medici1519–1589 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures0.51
  81. 81Giovanni SforzaGiovanni Sforza1466–1510 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy0.50
  82. 82Pietro BemboPietro Bembo1470–1547 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Religious Figures0.50
  83. 83Bernardo TassoBernardo Tasso1493–1569 · 16th century · Writers0.49
  84. 84Giuliano de' MediciGiuliano de' Medici1453–1478 · 15th century · Politicians0.48
  85. 85Federico BorromeoFederico Borromeo1564–1631 · 16th century · Religious Figures0.47
  86. 86Benedetto VarchiBenedetto Varchi1503–1565 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.46
  87. 87Marco FoscariniMarco Foscarini1696–1763 · 18th century · Writers0.45
  88. 88Carlo GozziCarlo Gozzi1720–1806 · 18th century · Writers0.44
  89. 89Urbano RattazziUrbano Rattazzi1808–1873 · 19th century · Politicians0.44
  90. 90Tommaso CampanellaTommaso Campanella1568–1639 · 17th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Academics0.44
  91. 91Antonio ColonnaAntonio Colonna1408–1471 · 15th century0.44
  92. 92Pietro GiannonePietro Giannone1676–1748 · 18th century · Academics0.44
  93. 93Francesco RediFrancesco Redi1626–1697 · 17th century · Doctors0.44
  94. 94Giambattista VicoGiambattista Vico1668–1744 · 18th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Academics0.43
  95. 95Angelo SecchiAngelo Secchi1818–1878 · 19th century · Scientists0.43
  96. 96Carlo GoldoniCarlo Goldoni1707–1793 · 18th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.42
  97. 97Alfonso La MarmoraAlfonso La Marmora1804–1878 · 19th century · Politicians0.42
  98. 98Andrea DandoloAndrea Dandolo1306–1354 · 14th century · Politicians0.41
  99. 99MVMatteo Villani1283–1363 · 14th century · Writers0.41
  100. 100Francesco FoscariFrancesco Foscari1373–1457 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians0.41

Lived then

The most notable people whose working lives fell in the 1870s, ranked where Wikipedia coverage and readership agree.

  1. 1Friedrich NietzscheFriedrich Nietzsche1844–1900 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics15 decades
  2. 2Pyotr Ilyich TchaikovskyPyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky1840–1893 · Musicians10 decades
  3. 3Émile ZolaÉmile Zola1840–1902 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers16 decades
  4. 4Sarah BernhardtSarah Bernhardt1844–1923 · 🇫🇷 France · Actors15 decades
  5. 5Claude MonetClaude Monet1840–1926 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists14 decades
  6. 6Mark TwainMark Twain1835–1910 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers16 decades
  7. 7Paul CézannePaul Cézanne1839–1906 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists12 decades
  8. 8Edward VIIEdward VII1841–1910 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Historical Figures13 decades
  9. 9Pope Pius XPope Pius X1835–1914 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Religious Figures12 decades
  10. 10William McKinleyWilliam McKinley1843–1901 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians16 decades
  11. 11Empress Dowager CixiEmpress Dowager Cixi1835–1908 · 🇨🇳 China · Historical Figures5 decades
  12. 12Antonín DvořákAntonín Dvořák1841–1904 · Musicians0 decades
  13. 13Bertha von SuttnerBertha von Suttner1843–1914 · Writers13 decades
  14. 14John D. RockefellerJohn D. Rockefeller1839–1937 · 🇺🇸 United States · Founders14 decades
  15. 15Pierre-Auguste RenoirPierre-Auguste Renoir1841–1919 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists12 decades
  16. 16Georges ClemenceauGeorges Clemenceau1841–1929 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians13 decades
  17. 17Paul VerlainePaul Verlaine1844–1896 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers14 decades
  18. 18Leopold II of BelgiumLeopold II of Belgium1835–1909 · Historical Figures9 decades
  19. 19Empress Elisabeth of AustriaEmpress Elisabeth of Austria1837–1898 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures0 decades
  20. 20Giosuè CarducciGiosuè Carducci1835–1907 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers17 decades
  21. 21Grover ClevelandGrover Cleveland1837–1908 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians14 decades
  22. 22Robert KochRobert Koch1843–1910 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctors14 decades
  23. 23Auguste RodinAuguste Rodin1840–1917 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists14 decades
  24. 24Peter KropotkinPeter Kropotkin1842–1921 · Activists11 decades
  25. 25Ilya RepinIlya Repin1844–1930 · Artists10 decades
  26. 26Anatole FranceAnatole France1844–1924 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers15 decades
  27. 27Nikolai Rimsky-KorsakovNikolai Rimsky-Korsakov1844–1908 · Musicians9 decades
  28. 28Karl BenzKarl Benz1844–1929 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Scientists11 decades
  29. 29Edvard GriegEdvard Grieg1843–1907 · 🇳🇴 Norway · Musicians12 decades
  30. 30Modest MussorgskyModest Mussorgsky1839–1881 · Musicians11 decades
  31. 31Georges BizetGeorges Bizet1838–1875 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians15 decades
  32. 32Umberto I of ItalyUmberto I of Italy1844–1900 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Historical Figures14 decades
  33. 33Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie1835–1919 · 🇺🇸 United States · Academics14 decades
  34. 34Gustavo Adolfo BécquerGustavo Adolfo Bécquer1836–1870 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Writers13 decades
  35. 35Alphonse DaudetAlphonse Daudet1840–1897 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers16 decades
  36. 36Camille Saint-SaënsCamille Saint-Saëns1835–1921 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians15 decades
  37. 37J. P. MorganJ. P. Morgan1837–1913 · 🇺🇸 United States · Founders16 decades
  38. 38Abdul Hamid IIAbdul Hamid II1842–1918 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Historical Figures13 decades
  39. 39Benito Pérez GaldósBenito Pérez Galdós1843–1920 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Writers14 decades
  40. 40Karl MayKarl May1842–1912 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers14 decades
  41. 41Bernadette SoubirousBernadette Soubirous1844–1879 · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures15 decades
  42. 42Henry JamesHenry James1843–1916 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers18 decades
  43. 43William JamesWilliam James1842–1910 · 🇺🇸 United States · Academics18 decades
  44. 44Stéphane MallarméStéphane Mallarmé1842–1898 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers14 decades
  45. 45Berthe MorisotBerthe Morisot1841–1895 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists13 decades
  46. 46Henri RousseauHenri Rousseau1844–1910 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists12 decades
  47. 47Thomas HardyThomas Hardy1840–1928 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers18 decades
  48. 48Ludwig BoltzmannLudwig Boltzmann1844–1906 · 🇦🇹 Austria · Scientists15 decades
  49. 49Gustave Le BonGustave Le Bon1841–1931 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics15 decades
  50. 50August BebelAugust Bebel1840–1913 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians14 decades
  51. 51Ernst MachErnst Mach1838–1916 · Scientists16 decades
  52. 52Sadi CarnotSadi Carnot1837–1894 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians16 decades
  53. 53George Armstrong CusterGeorge Armstrong Custer1839–1876 · 🇺🇸 United States · Historical Figures7 decades
  54. 54Félix FaureFélix Faure1841–1899 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians18 decades
  55. 55Mary CassattMary Cassatt1844–1926 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists12 decades
  56. 56Henry Morton StanleyHenry Morton Stanley1841–1904 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Journalists7 decades
  57. 57Alois HitlerAlois Hitler1837–1903 · 🇦🇹 Austria8 decades
  58. 58Alexandra of DenmarkAlexandra of Denmark1844–1925 · Historical Figures2 decades
  59. 59RamakrishnaRamakrishna1836–1886 · 🇮🇳 India · Academics14 decades
  60. 60Rosalía de CastroRosalía de Castro1837–1885 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Writers13 decades
  61. 61Giovanni VergaGiovanni Verga1840–1922 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers15 decades
  62. 62Alfred SisleyAlfred Sisley1839–1899 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists9 decades
  63. 63Victoria, Princess RoyalVictoria, Princess Royal1840–1901 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Artists0 decades
  64. 64Cesare LombrosoCesare Lombroso1835–1909 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Doctors16 decades
  65. 65Ambrose BierceAmbrose Bierce1842–1914 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalists13 decades
  66. 66Nikolay PrzhevalskyNikolay Przhevalsky1839–1888 · Historical Figures9 decades
  67. 67Leopold von Sacher-MasochLeopold von Sacher-Masoch1836–1895 · Writers5 decades
  68. 68Charles Sanders PeirceCharles Sanders Peirce1839–1914 · 🇺🇸 United States · Academics9 decades
  69. 69Léon GambettaLéon Gambetta1838–1882 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians15 decades
  70. 70Crazy HorseCrazy Horse1849–1877 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians15 decades
  71. 71Mehmed VMehmed V1844–1918 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writers0 decades
  72. 72Arkhip KuindzhiArkhip Kuindzhi1841–1910 · Artists2 decades
  73. 73Giovanni GiolittiGiovanni Giolitti1842–1928 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians14 decades
  74. 74Vasily VereshchaginVasily Vereshchagin1842–1904 · Artists8 decades
  75. 75Mily BalakirevMily Balakirev1836–1910 · Musicians9 decades
  76. 76Armand FallièresArmand Fallières1841–1931 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians12 decades
  77. 77John MuirJohn Muir1838–1914 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists19 decades
  78. 78Jules MassenetJules Massenet1842–1912 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians14 decades
  79. 79Ivan KramskoiIvan Kramskoi1837–1887 · Artists11 decades
  80. 80Wilhelm SteinitzWilhelm Steinitz1836–1900 · 🇺🇸 United States · Athletes0 decades
  81. 81Odilon RedonOdilon Redon1840–1916 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists14 decades
  82. 82LiliʻuokalaniLiliʻuokalani1838–1917 · 🇺🇸 United States · Historical Figuresnot measured—
  83. 83Émile LoubetÉmile Loubet1838–1929 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians11 decades
  84. 84Ferdinand von ZeppelinFerdinand von Zeppelin1838–1917 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Scientists5 decades
  85. 85Murad VMurad V1840–1904 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Models0 decades
  86. 86Tongzhi EmperorTongzhi Emperor1856–1875 · 🇨🇳 Chinanot measured—
  87. 87Carol I of RomaniaCarol I of Romania1839–1914 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures19 decades
  88. 88Frederick VIII of DenmarkFrederick VIII of Denmark1843–1912 · Historical Figures0 decades
  89. 89Carlota of MexicoCarlota of Mexico1840–1927 · Historical Figures0 decades
  90. 90Princess Alice of the United KingdomPrincess Alice of the United Kingdom1843–1878 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Historical Figuresnot measured—
  91. 91Menelik IIMenelik II1844–1913 · Politicians14 decades
  92. 92Léo DelibesLéo Delibes1836–1891 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians16 decades
  93. 93Paul MorphyPaul Morphy1837–1884 · 🇺🇸 United States7 decades
  94. 94Itō HirobumiItō Hirobumi1841–1909 · 🇯🇵 Japan · Politicians0 decades
  95. 95Comte de LautréamontComte de Lautréamont1846–1870 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers8 decades
  96. 96Paul LafarguePaul Lafargue1842–1911 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers15 decades
  97. 97Louis RielLouis Riel1844–1885 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Politicians15 decades
  98. 98Machado de AssisMachado de Assis1839–1908 · 🇧🇷 Brazil · Writers0 decades
  99. 99Max BruchMax Bruch1838–1920 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Musicians17 decades
  100. 100Mirza Ghulam AhmadMirza Ghulam Ahmad1835–1908 · 🇮🇳 India · Academics4 decades

How this is measured

  • Placing people in time. Each person belongs to the century in which they were most active — around age 35, and never after their death.
  • Who ranks highest. Within a century, people are ranked where two independent signals agree: how many of the world’s Wikipedia language editions cover them, and how many people actually read about them. Article counts alone can be lifted by a person’s own circle; readers cannot.
  • Fame in print. The curves count how often a name appears in Google Books from 1800 to 2019, as a share of all the words printed each year, in the person’s own language wherever that corpus exists. Those decades are over, so each measurement is made once and kept.
  • What is left out. A lifetime is measured only from 1820, when there is enough print to judge; the five years after a death are skipped as obituaries; and a name shared with someone equally notable is credited to neither.