Claim profile
1870–1879

The 1870s

Whose names filled the books of the 1870s — anyone at all, however long dead — counted as mentions per million words printed, so a period that simply published more does not inflate anyone.

Talked about then

Whose names appeared most in German books during the 1870s — whenever they lived.

In books written inEnglish14,075German3,121French2,919Italian1,652Spanish982Russian180Hebrew93Chinese2
  1. 1Frederick William of Saxe-MeiningenFrederick William of Saxe-Meiningen1679–1746 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures8.4
  2. 2Frederick William, Elector of BrandenburgFrederick William, Elector of Brandenburg1620–1688 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures8.4
  3. 3Frederick William, Prince of Hohenzollern-HechingenFrederick William, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen1663–1735 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures8.4
  4. 4Frederick William, Margrave of Brandenburg-SchwedtFrederick William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt1700–1771 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany8.4
  5. 5Maria TheresaMaria Theresa1717–1780 · 18th century · 🇦🇹 Austria · Historical Figures5.3
  6. 6Frederick II, Duke of Brunswick-LüneburgFrederick II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg1418–1478 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures3.9
  7. 7Friedrich II, Grand Duke of BadenFriedrich II, Grand Duke of Baden1857–1928 · 19th century · Historical Figures3.9
  8. 8Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-AltenburgFrederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg1676–1732 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians3.9
  9. 9Frederick II, Elector PalatineFrederick II, Elector Palatine1482–1556 · 16th century3.9
  10. 10Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-HomburgFrederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg1633–1708 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany3.9
  11. 11Frederick II of LegnicaFrederick II of Legnica1480–1547 · 16th century3.9
  12. 12Henry IV, Duke of MecklenburgHenry IV, Duke of Mecklenburg1417–1477 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany3.1
  13. 13HIHenry IV, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg1397–1427 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures3.1
  14. 14HIHenry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen1460–1526 · 15th century · Historical Figures3.1
  15. 15John George, Elector of BrandenburgJohn George, Elector of Brandenburg1525–1598 · 16th century · Religious Figures2.3
  16. 16Johann Georg, Duke of Saxe-WeissenfelsJohann Georg, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels1677–1712 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.3
  17. 17William III, Landgrave of HesseWilliam III, Landgrave of Hesse1471–1500 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany2.1
  18. 18William IIIWilliam III1425–1482 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany2.1
  19. 19WIWilliam III, Count of Weimar1000–1039 · 11th century · 🇩🇪 Germany2.1
  20. 20John Frederick, Duke of WürttembergJohn Frederick, Duke of Württemberg1582–1628 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.1
  21. 21John Frederick, Prince of Schwarzburg-RudolstadtJohn Frederick, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt1721–1767 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.1
  22. 22John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-LüneburgJohn Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg1625–1679 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.1
  23. 23John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-AnsbachJohn Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach1654–1686 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models2.1
  24. 24John Frederick, Count Palatine of Sulzbach-HilpoltsteinJohn Frederick, Count Palatine of Sulzbach-Hilpoltstein1587–1644 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany2.1
  25. 25John Frederick, Duke of PomeraniaJohn Frederick, Duke of Pomerania1542–1600 · 16th century · Religious Figures2.1
  26. 26Jean PaulJean Paul1763–1825 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers2.0
  27. 27Franz I, Prince of LiechtensteinFranz I, Prince of Liechtenstein1853–1938 · 19th century · 🇦🇹 Austria · Politicians1.9
  28. 28Charles IV, Holy Roman EmperorCharles IV, Holy Roman Emperor1316–1378 · 14th century · Historical Figures1.8
  29. 29HIHenry II, Duke of Limburg1110–1167 · 12th century · Historical Figures1.7
  30. 30Henry II, Count of Reuss-GeraHenry II, Count of Reuss-Gera1572–1635 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.7
  31. 31Henry V, Duke of Brunswick-LüneburgHenry V, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg1489–1568 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.7
  32. 32HIHenry II, Margrave of Meissen1103–1123 · 12th century · Models1.7
  33. 33Henry II, Duke of BavariaHenry II, Duke of Bavaria951–995 · 10th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.7
  34. 34Henry II, Landgrave of HesseHenry II, Landgrave of Hesse1299–1376 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.7
  35. 35HIHenry II, Count of Gorizia1150–1150 · 12th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.7
  36. 36HIHenry II of Augsburg1001–1063 · 11th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Religious Figures1.7
  37. 37HIHenry II, Lord of Mecklenburg1262–1329 · 13th century · Historical Figures1.7
  38. 38Henry IIIHenry III1215–1288 · 13th century · Writers1.6
  39. 39Henry III, Count of SaynHenry III, Count of Sayn1193–1247 · 13th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.6
  40. 40Henry III, Duke of LimburgHenry III, Duke of Limburg1167–1221 · 13th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.6
  41. 41HIHenry III, Duke of Mecklenburg1337–1383 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.6
  42. 42HIHenry III, Prince of Anhalt-Aschersleben1300–1307 · 14th century · Religious Figures1.6
  43. 43Henry III, Landgrave of Upper HesseHenry III, Landgrave of Upper Hesse1440–1483 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models1.6
  44. 44Henry III of Nassau-BredaHenry III of Nassau-Breda1483–1538 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.6
  45. 45HIHenry III, Duke of Bavaria940–989 · 10th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.6
  46. 46HIHenry III, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen1416–1464 · 15th century1.6
  47. 47Frederick I, Elector of BrandenburgFrederick I, Elector of Brandenburg1371–1440 · 15th century1.6
  48. 48Duke Friedrich I, Duke of AnhaltDuke Friedrich I, Duke of Anhalt1831–1904 · 19th century · Historical Figures1.6
  49. 49Frederick I, Landgrave of Hesse-HomburgFrederick I, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg1585–1638 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.6
  50. 50Frederick I of LiegnitzFrederick I of Liegnitz1446–1488 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.6
  51. 51Frederick IFrederick I1425–1476 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians1.6
  52. 52Friedrich I, Grand Duke of BadenFriedrich I, Grand Duke of Baden1826–1907 · 19th century · Historical Figures1.6
  53. 53Frederick I of PrussiaFrederick I of Prussia1657–1713 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians1.6
  54. 54Frederick I, Duke of Brunswick-WolfenbüttelFrederick I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel1357–1400 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.6
  55. 55Frederick I, Count Palatine of SimmernFrederick I, Count Palatine of Simmern1417–1480 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.6
  56. 56Frederick I of Saxe-Gotha-AltenburgFrederick I of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg1646–1691 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.6
  57. 57Gustav Adolph, Duke of Mecklenburg-GüstrowGustav Adolph, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow1633–1695 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers1.5
  58. 58Frederick Charles, Duke of Württemberg-WinnentalFrederick Charles, Duke of Württemberg-Winnental1652–1698 · 17th century · Politicians1.5
  59. 59William, Landgrave of Hesse-RotenburgWilliam, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg1648–1725 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.3
  60. 60William I, Elector of HesseWilliam I, Elector of Hesse1743–1821 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.3
  61. 61William I, German EmperorWilliam I, German Emperor1797–1888 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.3
  62. 62WIWilliam I of Weimar900–963 · 10th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.3
  63. 63William I, Count of Nassau-SiegenWilliam I, Count of Nassau-Siegen1487–1559 · 16th century1.3
  64. 64Wilhelm I of WürttembergWilhelm I of Württemberg1781–1864 · 19th century · Historical Figures1.3
  65. 65William IWilliam I1343–1407 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.3
  66. 66William the SilentWilliam the Silent1533–1584 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians1.3
  67. 67William I, Duke of BavariaWilliam I, Duke of Bavaria1330–1389 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians1.3
  68. 68Hans SachsHans Sachs1494–1576 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers1.3
  69. 69Frederick August I, Duke of OldenburgFrederick August I, Duke of Oldenburg1711–1785 · 18th century · Models1.3
  70. 70Frederick Augustus, Prince of Anhalt-ZerbstFrederick Augustus, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst1734–1793 · 18th century · Historical Figures1.3
  71. 71Frederick Augustus, Duke of Württemberg-NeuenstadtFrederick Augustus, Duke of Württemberg-Neuenstadt1654–1716 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.3
  72. 72Frederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of OldenburgFrederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg1852–1931 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.3
  73. 73Frederick Augustus, Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-OelsFrederick Augustus, Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Oels1740–1805 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.3
  74. 74William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-KasselWilliam IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel1532–1592 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Scientists1.3
  75. 75Frederick III, Margrave of BadenFrederick III, Margrave of Baden1327–1353 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models1.3
  76. 76Frederick III, Landgrave of Hesse-HomburgFrederick III, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg1673–1746 · 18th century · Politicians1.3
  77. 77Frederick III, Burgrave of NurembergFrederick III, Burgrave of Nuremberg1220–1297 · 13th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.3
  78. 78Frederick III, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-GottorpFrederick III, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp1597–1659 · 17th century · Historical Figures1.3
  79. 79Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-AltenburgFrederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg1699–1772 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.3
  80. 80Frederick III of the PalatinateFrederick III of the Palatinate1515–1576 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models1.3
  81. 81Friedrich III, Margrave of Brandenburg-BayreuthFriedrich III, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth1711–1763 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models1.3
  82. 82Frederick III, Prince of Salm-KyrburgFrederick III, Prince of Salm-Kyrburg1744–1794 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.3
  83. 83Frederick III, German EmperorFrederick III, German Emperor1831–1888 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians1.3
  84. 84Frederick III of LegnicaFrederick III of Legnica1520–1570 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.3
  85. 85PIPhilip II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen1533–1596 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.2
  86. 86Philip II, Count of Schaumburg-LippePhilip II, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe1723–1787 · 18th century · Historical Figures1.2
  87. 87Philip II, Duke of PomeraniaPhilip II, Duke of Pomerania1573–1618 · 17th century · Historical Figures1.2
  88. 88PIPhilip II, Count of Waldeck1453–1524 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.2
  89. 89Philip II, Margrave of Baden-BadenPhilip II, Margrave of Baden-Baden1559–1588 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models1.2
  90. 90PIPhilip II, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg1462–1504 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.2
  91. 91PIPhilip II, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg1501–1529 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.2
  92. 92Richard WagnerRichard Wagner1813–1883 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Musicians1.2
  93. 93Frederick William IV of PrussiaFrederick William IV of Prussia1795–1861 · 19th century · Politicians1.1
  94. 94Joseph II, Holy Roman EmperorJoseph II, Holy Roman Emperor1741–1790 · 18th century · 🇦🇹 Austria · Historical Figures1.1
  95. 95Ferdinand II, Archduke of AustriaFerdinand II, Archduke of Austria1529–1595 · 16th century · 🇦🇹 Austria · Historical Figures1.0
  96. 96Ferdinand II, Holy Roman EmperorFerdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor1578–1637 · 17th century · 🇦🇹 Austria · Historical Figures1.0
  97. 97Ferdinand II of PortugalFerdinand II of Portugal1816–1885 · 19th century · 🇦🇹 Austria · Historical Figures1.0
  98. 98Ferdinand I of RomaniaFerdinand I of Romania1865–1927 · 20th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.0
  99. 99Henry V, Count of LuxembourgHenry V, Count of Luxembourg1216–1281 · 13th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.0
  100. 100HVHenry V, Duke of Bavaria960–1026 · 10th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians1.0

Lived then

The most notable people whose working lives fell in the 1870s, ranked where Wikipedia coverage and readership agree.

  1. 1Friedrich NietzscheFriedrich Nietzsche1844–1900 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics15 decades
  2. 2Pyotr Ilyich TchaikovskyPyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky1840–1893 · Musicians10 decades
  3. 3Émile ZolaÉmile Zola1840–1902 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers16 decades
  4. 4Sarah BernhardtSarah Bernhardt1844–1923 · 🇫🇷 France · Actors15 decades
  5. 5Claude MonetClaude Monet1840–1926 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists14 decades
  6. 6Mark TwainMark Twain1835–1910 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers16 decades
  7. 7Paul CézannePaul Cézanne1839–1906 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists12 decades
  8. 8Edward VIIEdward VII1841–1910 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Historical Figures13 decades
  9. 9Pope Pius XPope Pius X1835–1914 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Religious Figures12 decades
  10. 10William McKinleyWilliam McKinley1843–1901 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians16 decades
  11. 11Empress Dowager CixiEmpress Dowager Cixi1835–1908 · 🇨🇳 China · Historical Figures5 decades
  12. 12Antonín DvořákAntonín Dvořák1841–1904 · Musicians0 decades
  13. 13Bertha von SuttnerBertha von Suttner1843–1914 · Writers13 decades
  14. 14John D. RockefellerJohn D. Rockefeller1839–1937 · 🇺🇸 United States · Founders14 decades
  15. 15Pierre-Auguste RenoirPierre-Auguste Renoir1841–1919 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists12 decades
  16. 16Georges ClemenceauGeorges Clemenceau1841–1929 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians13 decades
  17. 17Paul VerlainePaul Verlaine1844–1896 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers14 decades
  18. 18Leopold II of BelgiumLeopold II of Belgium1835–1909 · Historical Figures9 decades
  19. 19Empress Elisabeth of AustriaEmpress Elisabeth of Austria1837–1898 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures0 decades
  20. 20Giosuè CarducciGiosuè Carducci1835–1907 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers17 decades
  21. 21Grover ClevelandGrover Cleveland1837–1908 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians14 decades
  22. 22Robert KochRobert Koch1843–1910 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctors14 decades
  23. 23Auguste RodinAuguste Rodin1840–1917 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists14 decades
  24. 24Peter KropotkinPeter Kropotkin1842–1921 · Activists11 decades
  25. 25Ilya RepinIlya Repin1844–1930 · Artists10 decades
  26. 26Anatole FranceAnatole France1844–1924 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers15 decades
  27. 27Nikolai Rimsky-KorsakovNikolai Rimsky-Korsakov1844–1908 · Musicians9 decades
  28. 28Karl BenzKarl Benz1844–1929 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Scientists11 decades
  29. 29Edvard GriegEdvard Grieg1843–1907 · 🇳🇴 Norway · Musicians12 decades
  30. 30Modest MussorgskyModest Mussorgsky1839–1881 · Musicians11 decades
  31. 31Georges BizetGeorges Bizet1838–1875 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians15 decades
  32. 32Umberto I of ItalyUmberto I of Italy1844–1900 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Historical Figures14 decades
  33. 33Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie1835–1919 · 🇺🇸 United States · Academics14 decades
  34. 34Gustavo Adolfo BécquerGustavo Adolfo Bécquer1836–1870 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Writers13 decades
  35. 35Alphonse DaudetAlphonse Daudet1840–1897 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers16 decades
  36. 36Camille Saint-SaënsCamille Saint-Saëns1835–1921 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians15 decades
  37. 37J. P. MorganJ. P. Morgan1837–1913 · 🇺🇸 United States · Founders16 decades
  38. 38Abdul Hamid IIAbdul Hamid II1842–1918 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Historical Figures13 decades
  39. 39Benito Pérez GaldósBenito Pérez Galdós1843–1920 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Writers14 decades
  40. 40Karl MayKarl May1842–1912 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers14 decades
  41. 41Bernadette SoubirousBernadette Soubirous1844–1879 · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures15 decades
  42. 42Henry JamesHenry James1843–1916 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers18 decades
  43. 43William JamesWilliam James1842–1910 · 🇺🇸 United States · Academics18 decades
  44. 44Stéphane MallarméStéphane Mallarmé1842–1898 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers14 decades
  45. 45Berthe MorisotBerthe Morisot1841–1895 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists13 decades
  46. 46Henri RousseauHenri Rousseau1844–1910 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists12 decades
  47. 47Thomas HardyThomas Hardy1840–1928 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers18 decades
  48. 48Ludwig BoltzmannLudwig Boltzmann1844–1906 · 🇦🇹 Austria · Scientists15 decades
  49. 49Gustave Le BonGustave Le Bon1841–1931 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics15 decades
  50. 50August BebelAugust Bebel1840–1913 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians14 decades
  51. 51Ernst MachErnst Mach1838–1916 · Scientists16 decades
  52. 52Sadi CarnotSadi Carnot1837–1894 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians16 decades
  53. 53George Armstrong CusterGeorge Armstrong Custer1839–1876 · 🇺🇸 United States · Historical Figures7 decades
  54. 54Félix FaureFélix Faure1841–1899 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians18 decades
  55. 55Mary CassattMary Cassatt1844–1926 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists12 decades
  56. 56Henry Morton StanleyHenry Morton Stanley1841–1904 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Journalists7 decades
  57. 57Alois HitlerAlois Hitler1837–1903 · 🇦🇹 Austria8 decades
  58. 58Alexandra of DenmarkAlexandra of Denmark1844–1925 · Historical Figures2 decades
  59. 59RamakrishnaRamakrishna1836–1886 · 🇮🇳 India · Academics14 decades
  60. 60Rosalía de CastroRosalía de Castro1837–1885 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Writers13 decades
  61. 61Giovanni VergaGiovanni Verga1840–1922 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers15 decades
  62. 62Alfred SisleyAlfred Sisley1839–1899 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists9 decades
  63. 63Victoria, Princess RoyalVictoria, Princess Royal1840–1901 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Artists0 decades
  64. 64Cesare LombrosoCesare Lombroso1835–1909 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Doctors16 decades
  65. 65Ambrose BierceAmbrose Bierce1842–1914 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalists13 decades
  66. 66Nikolay PrzhevalskyNikolay Przhevalsky1839–1888 · Historical Figures9 decades
  67. 67Leopold von Sacher-MasochLeopold von Sacher-Masoch1836–1895 · Writers5 decades
  68. 68Charles Sanders PeirceCharles Sanders Peirce1839–1914 · 🇺🇸 United States · Academics9 decades
  69. 69Léon GambettaLéon Gambetta1838–1882 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians15 decades
  70. 70Crazy HorseCrazy Horse1849–1877 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians15 decades
  71. 71Mehmed VMehmed V1844–1918 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writers0 decades
  72. 72Arkhip KuindzhiArkhip Kuindzhi1841–1910 · Artists2 decades
  73. 73Giovanni GiolittiGiovanni Giolitti1842–1928 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians14 decades
  74. 74Vasily VereshchaginVasily Vereshchagin1842–1904 · Artists8 decades
  75. 75Mily BalakirevMily Balakirev1836–1910 · Musicians9 decades
  76. 76Armand FallièresArmand Fallières1841–1931 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians12 decades
  77. 77John MuirJohn Muir1838–1914 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists19 decades
  78. 78Jules MassenetJules Massenet1842–1912 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians14 decades
  79. 79Ivan KramskoiIvan Kramskoi1837–1887 · Artists11 decades
  80. 80Wilhelm SteinitzWilhelm Steinitz1836–1900 · 🇺🇸 United States · Athletes0 decades
  81. 81Odilon RedonOdilon Redon1840–1916 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists14 decades
  82. 82LiliʻuokalaniLiliʻuokalani1838–1917 · 🇺🇸 United States · Historical Figuresnot measured—
  83. 83Émile LoubetÉmile Loubet1838–1929 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians11 decades
  84. 84Ferdinand von ZeppelinFerdinand von Zeppelin1838–1917 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Scientists5 decades
  85. 85Murad VMurad V1840–1904 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Models0 decades
  86. 86Tongzhi EmperorTongzhi Emperor1856–1875 · 🇨🇳 Chinanot measured—
  87. 87Carol I of RomaniaCarol I of Romania1839–1914 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures19 decades
  88. 88Frederick VIII of DenmarkFrederick VIII of Denmark1843–1912 · Historical Figures0 decades
  89. 89Carlota of MexicoCarlota of Mexico1840–1927 · Historical Figures0 decades
  90. 90Princess Alice of the United KingdomPrincess Alice of the United Kingdom1843–1878 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Historical Figuresnot measured—
  91. 91Menelik IIMenelik II1844–1913 · Politicians14 decades
  92. 92Léo DelibesLéo Delibes1836–1891 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians16 decades
  93. 93Paul MorphyPaul Morphy1837–1884 · 🇺🇸 United States7 decades
  94. 94Itō HirobumiItō Hirobumi1841–1909 · 🇯🇵 Japan · Politicians0 decades
  95. 95Comte de LautréamontComte de Lautréamont1846–1870 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers8 decades
  96. 96Paul LafarguePaul Lafargue1842–1911 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers15 decades
  97. 97Louis RielLouis Riel1844–1885 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Politicians15 decades
  98. 98Machado de AssisMachado de Assis1839–1908 · 🇧🇷 Brazil · Writers0 decades
  99. 99Max BruchMax Bruch1838–1920 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Musicians17 decades
  100. 100Mirza Ghulam AhmadMirza Ghulam Ahmad1835–1908 · 🇮🇳 India · Academics4 decades

How this is measured

  • Placing people in time. Each person belongs to the century in which they were most active — around age 35, and never after their death.
  • Who ranks highest. Within a century, people are ranked where two independent signals agree: how many of the world’s Wikipedia language editions cover them, and how many people actually read about them. Article counts alone can be lifted by a person’s own circle; readers cannot.
  • Fame in print. The curves count how often a name appears in Google Books from 1800 to 2019, as a share of all the words printed each year, in the person’s own language wherever that corpus exists. Those decades are over, so each measurement is made once and kept.
  • What is left out. A lifetime is measured only from 1820, when there is enough print to judge; the five years after a death are skipped as obituaries; and a name shared with someone equally notable is credited to neither.