Claim profile
2000–2009

The 2000s

Whose names filled the books of the 2000s — anyone at all, however long dead — counted as mentions per million words printed, so a period that simply published more does not inflate anyone.

Talked about then

Whose names appeared most in Spanish books during the 2000s — whenever they lived.

In books written inEnglish28,641German4,170French3,957Italian2,092Spanish1,640Russian883Chinese287Hebrew151
  1. 1Lope de VegaLope de Vega1562–1635 · 16th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Writers5.7
  2. 2Fidel CastroFidel Castro1926–2016 · 20th century · Politicians5.6
  3. 3Francis XavierFrancis Xavier1506–1552 · 16th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Writers5.1
  4. 4Vicente FoxVicente Foxborn 1942 · 20th century · 🇲🇽 Mexico · Politicians5.0
  5. 5Simón BolívarSimón Bolívar1783–1830 · 19th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians4.8
  6. 6Octavio PazOctavio Paz1914–1998 · 20th century · 🇲🇽 Mexico · Writers4.5
  7. 7John of GodJohn of God1495–1550 · 16th century · 🇵🇹 Portugal4.1
  8. 8Benito JuárezBenito Juárez1806–1872 · 19th century · 🇲🇽 Mexico · Politicians4.0
  9. 9Andrés BelloAndrés Bello1781–1865 · 19th century · Politicians3.7
  10. 10Rubén DaríoRubén Darío1867–1916 · 20th century · Writers3.7
  11. 11Porfirio DíazPorfirio Díaz1830–1915 · 19th century · 🇲🇽 Mexico · Politicians3.5
  12. 12Hugo ChávezHugo Chávez1954–2013 · 20th century · Politicians3.0
  13. 13Jorge Luis BorgesJorge Luis Borges1899–1986 · 20th century · 🇦🇷 Argentina · Writers2.8
  14. 14Pablo NerudaPablo Neruda1904–1973 · 20th century · Writers2.7
  15. 15Antonio MachadoAntonio Machado1875–1939 · 20th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Writers2.6
  16. 16Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus1451–1506 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Historical Figures2.5
  17. 17Juan Ramón JiménezJuan Ramón Jiménez1881–1958 · 20th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Writers2.3
  18. 18Miguel de CervantesMiguel de Cervantes1547–1616 · 16th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Writers2.3
  19. 19Hernán CortésHernán Cortés1485–1547 · 16th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Historical Figures2.3
  20. 20Carlos FuentesCarlos Fuentes1928–2012 · 20th century · 🇲🇽 Mexico · Writers2.2
  21. 21Federico García LorcaFederico García Lorca1898–1936 · 20th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Writers2.1
  22. 22Gabriela MistralGabriela Mistral1889–1957 · 20th century · Writers2.0
  23. 23Che GuevaraChe Guevara1928–1967 · 20th century · 🇦🇷 Argentina · Activists2.0
  24. 24Salvador AllendeSalvador Allende1908–1973 · 20th century · Politicians1.9
  25. 25Venustiano CarranzaVenustiano Carranza1859–1920 · 19th century · 🇲🇽 Mexico · Politicians1.9
  26. 26Sor Juana Inés de la CruzSor Juana Inés de la Cruz1651–1695 · 17th century · 🇲🇽 Mexico · Writers1.8
  27. 27Miguel de UnamunoMiguel de Unamuno1864–1936 · 19th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Writers1.8
  28. 28John of the CrossJohn of the Cross1542–1591 · 16th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Writers1.8
  29. 29Juan RulfoJuan Rulfo1917–1986 · 20th century · 🇲🇽 Mexico · Writers1.8
  30. 30Bartolomé de las CasasBartolomé de las Casas1484–1566 · 16th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Writers1.7
  31. 31Gabriel García MárquezGabriel García Márquez1927–2014 · 20th century · Writers1.7
  32. 32Mario Vargas LlosaMario Vargas Llosa1936–2025 · 20th century · Writers1.7
  33. 33Felipe GonzálezFelipe Gonzálezborn 1942 · 20th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians1.6
  34. 34Diego RiveraDiego Rivera1886–1957 · 20th century · 🇲🇽 Mexico · Designers1.6
  35. 35Emiliano ZapataEmiliano Zapata1879–1919 · 20th century · 🇲🇽 Mexico · Activists1.6
  36. 36Julio CortázarJulio Cortázar1914–1984 · 20th century · 🇦🇷 Argentina · Writers1.6
  37. 37Ernesto ZedilloErnesto Zedilloborn 1951 · 20th century · 🇲🇽 Mexico · Politicians1.6
  38. 38Garcilaso de la VegaGarcilaso de la Vega1503–1536 · 16th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Writers1.5
  39. 39Evo MoralesEvo Moralesborn 1959 · 20th century · Politicians1.5
  40. 40JFJuan Fernández1529–1602 · 16th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Historical Figures1.5
  41. 41César VallejoCésar Vallejo1892–1938 · 20th century · Writers1.5
  42. 42Teresa of ÁvilaTeresa of Ávila1515–1582 · 16th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Writers1.4
  43. 43Felipe CalderónFelipe Calderónborn 1962 · 20th century · 🇲🇽 Mexico · Politicians1.4
  44. 44Eva PerónEva Perón1919–1952 · 20th century · 🇦🇷 Argentina · Actors1.4
  45. 45Alan GarcíaAlan García1949–2019 · 20th century · Politicians1.3
  46. 46Ignatius of LoyolaIgnatius of Loyola1491–1556 · 16th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Religious Figures1.3
  47. 47Francisco I. MaderoFrancisco I. Madero1873–1913 · 20th century · 🇲🇽 Mexico · Activists1.2
  48. 48José Ortega y GassetJosé Ortega y Gasset1883–1955 · 20th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Academics1.2
  49. 49Ricardo PalmaRicardo Palma1833–1919 · 19th century · Writers1.1
  50. 50Andrés Manuel López ObradorAndrés Manuel López Obradorborn 1953 · 20th century · 🇲🇽 Mexico · Politicians1.1
  51. 51Alberto FujimoriAlberto Fujimori1938–2024 · 20th century · 🇯🇵 Japan · Politicians1.1
  52. 52Tirso de MolinaTirso de Molina1583–1648 · 17th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Writers1.0
  53. 53Carlos MenemCarlos Menem1930–2021 · 20th century · 🇦🇷 Argentina · Politicians1.0
  54. 54Ricardo LagosRicardo Lagosborn 1938 · 20th century · Politicians1.0
  55. 55Augusto PinochetAugusto Pinochet1915–2006 · 20th century · Politicians1.0
  56. 56José María AznarJosé María Aznarborn 1953 · 20th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians0.96
  57. 57Francisco PizarroFrancisco Pizarro1478–1541 · 16th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Historical Figures0.95
  58. 58Pancho VillaPancho Villa1878–1923 · 20th century · 🇲🇽 Mexico · Activists0.90
  59. 59Luis de LeónLuis de León1527–1591 · 16th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Writers0.89
  60. 60Luis BuñuelLuis Buñuel1900–1983 · 20th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Directors0.89
  61. 61Pedro de AlvaradoPedro de Alvarado1486–1541 · 16th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Historical Figures0.86
  62. 62Juan Manuel de RosasJuan Manuel de Rosas1793–1877 · 19th century · 🇦🇷 Argentina · Politicians0.85
  63. 63José HernándezJosé Hernández1834–1886 · 19th century · 🇦🇷 Argentina · Writers0.85
  64. 64Francisco QuevedoFrancisco Quevedo1584–1645 · 17th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Writers0.84
  65. 65Juan Vicente GómezJuan Vicente Gómez1857–1935 · 19th century · Politicians0.83
  66. 66María de JesúsMaría de Jesús1560–1640 · 16th century · 🇪🇸 Spain0.83
  67. 67Bartolomé MitreBartolomé Mitre1821–1906 · 19th century · 🇦🇷 Argentina · Politicians0.82
  68. 68Vicente GuerreroVicente Guerrero1782–1831 · 19th century · 🇲🇽 Mexico · Politicians0.81
  69. 69John of AustriaJohn of Austria1547–1578 · 16th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians0.79
  70. 70El GrecoEl Greco1541–1614 · 16th century · Artists0.79
  71. 71Camilo José CelaCamilo José Cela1916–2002 · 20th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Writers0.79
  72. 72Manuel AzañaManuel Azaña1880–1940 · 20th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians0.77
  73. 73Emilia Pardo BazánEmilia Pardo Bazán1851–1921 · 19th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Writers0.77
  74. 74Francis Borgia, 4th Duke of GandíaFrancis Borgia, 4th Duke of Gandía1510–1572 · 16th century · Politicians0.77
  75. 75Francisco de BorjaFrancisco de Borja1441–1511 · 15th century · Writers0.77
  76. 76Adolfo SuárezAdolfo Suárez1932–2014 · 20th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians0.75
  77. 77Bernal Díaz del BrawlBernal Díaz del Brawl1492–1584 · 16th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Historical Figures0.74
  78. 78John I of FranceJohn I of France1316–1316 · 14th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures0.73
  79. 79Francisco de MirandaFrancisco de Miranda1750–1816 · 18th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians0.73
  80. 80Frida KahloFrida Kahlo1907–1954 · 20th century · 🇲🇽 Mexico · Artists0.73
  81. 81José de San MartínJosé de San Martín1778–1850 · 19th century · 🇦🇷 Argentina · Politicians0.73
  82. 82Néstor KirchnerNéstor Kirchner1950–2010 · 20th century · 🇦🇷 Argentina · Politicians0.72
  83. 83Vasco de QuirogaVasco de Quiroga1470–1565 · 16th century · Religious Figures0.72
  84. 84Victoriano HuertaVictoriano Huerta1850–1916 · 19th century · 🇲🇽 Mexico · Politicians0.71
  85. 85Vicente AleixandreVicente Aleixandre1898–1984 · 20th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Writers0.71
  86. 86Luis de GóngoraLuis de Góngora1561–1627 · 16th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Writers0.70
  87. 87Pío BarojaPío Baroja1872–1956 · 20th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Writers0.69
  88. 88Pope Alexander VIPope Alexander VI1431–1503 · 15th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Religious Figures0.69
  89. 89Fernán González of CastileFernán González of Castile910–970 · 10th century0.68
  90. 90Carlos GardelCarlos Gardel1890–1935 · 20th century · 🇦🇷 Argentina · Musicians0.67
  91. 91Hipólito YrigoyenHipólito Yrigoyen1850–1933 · 19th century · 🇦🇷 Argentina · Politicians0.66
  92. 92Francisco de VitoriaFrancisco de Vitoria1480–1546 · 16th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Academics0.66
  93. 93Salvador DalíSalvador Dalí1904–1989 · 20th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Artists0.66
  94. 94Manuel de FallaManuel de Falla1876–1946 · 20th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musicians0.66
  95. 95Cipriano CastroCipriano Castro1858–1924 · 19th century · Politicians0.65
  96. 96JuanesJuanesborn 1972 · 21st century · Musicians0.65
  97. 97Bernardino de SahagúnBernardino de Sahagún1499–1590 · 16th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Academics0.64
  98. 98Miguel Ángel AsturiasMiguel Ángel Asturias1899–1974 · 20th century · Writers0.63
  99. 99Guadalupe VictoriaGuadalupe Victoria1786–1845 · 19th century · 🇲🇽 Mexico · Politicians0.62
  100. 100Pedro Calderón de la BarcaPedro Calderón de la Barca1600–1681 · 17th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Writers0.61

Lived then

The most notable people whose working lives fell in the 2000s, ranked where Wikipedia coverage and readership agree.

  1. 1Elon MuskElon Muskborn 1971 · 🇿🇦 South Africa · Founders1 decades
  2. 2Michael SchumacherMichael Schumacherborn 1969 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Athletes3 decades
  3. 3Zinedine ZidaneZinedine Zidaneborn 1972 · 🇫🇷 France · Footballers3 decades
  4. 4Leonardo DiCaprioLeonardo DiCaprioborn 1974 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors3 decades
  5. 5Celine DionCeline Dionborn 1968 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Musicians1 decades
  6. 6Dmitry MedvedevDmitry Medvedevborn 1965 · Politicians3 decades
  7. 7Melania TrumpMelania Trumpborn 1970 · Models1 decades
  8. 8EminemEminemborn 1972 · 🇺🇸 United States · Musicians2 decades
  9. 9Julia RobertsJulia Robertsborn 1967 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors3 decades
  10. 10Marine Le PenMarine Le Penborn 1968 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians2 decades
  11. 11Justin TrudeauJustin Trudeauborn 1971 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Politicians1 decades
  12. 12Nicole KidmanNicole Kidmanborn 1967 · 🇦🇺 Australia · Actors3 decades
  13. 13Felipe VI of SpainFelipe VI of Spainborn 1968 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Historical Figures0 decades
  14. 14Heath LedgerHeath Ledger1979–2008 · 🇦🇺 Australia · Actors2 decades
  15. 15Matt DamonMatt Damonborn 1970 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors3 decades
  16. 16Dwayne JohnsonDwayne Johnsonborn 1972 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Actors1 decades
  17. 17Pedro SánchezPedro Sánchezborn 1972 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians5 decades
  18. 18Christopher NolanChristopher Nolanborn 1970 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Directors2 decades
  19. 19Jennifer LopezJennifer Lopezborn 1969 · 🇺🇸 United States · Musicians3 decades
  20. 20Penélope CruzPenélope Cruzborn 1974 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Actors3 decades
  21. 21Bashar al-AssadBashar al-Assadborn 1965 · Politicians2 decades
  22. 22J. K. RowlingJ. K. Rowlingborn 1965 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers2 decades
  23. 23Jason StathamJason Stathamborn 1967 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Actors0 decades
  24. 24Daniel CraigDaniel Craigborn 1968 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Actors2 decades
  25. 25Pamela AndersonPamela Andersonborn 1967 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Actors3 decades
  26. 26Will SmithWill Smithborn 1968 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors3 decades
  27. 27Ben AffleckBen Affleckborn 1972 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors2 decades
  28. 28Cameron DiazCameron Diazborn 1972 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors3 decades
  29. 29Cate BlanchettCate Blanchettborn 1969 · 🇦🇺 Australia · Actors2 decades
  30. 30Javier MileiJavier Mileiborn 1970 · 🇦🇷 Argentina · Academicsnot measured—
  31. 31Robbie WilliamsRobbie Williamsborn 1974 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Musicians2 decades
  32. 32Winona RyderWinona Ryderborn 1971 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors3 decades
  33. 33Pep GuardiolaPep Guardiolaborn 1971 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Footballers1 decades
  34. 34Mark WahlbergMark Wahlbergborn 1971 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors2 decades
  35. 35Paul WalkerPaul Walker1973–2013 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors4 decades
  36. 36Salma HayekSalma Hayekborn 1966 · 🇲🇽 Mexico · Actors2 decades
  37. 37Jennifer AnistonJennifer Anistonborn 1969 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors2 decades
  38. 38Uma ThurmanUma Thurmanborn 1970 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors3 decades
  39. 39Steffi GrafSteffi Grafborn 1969 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Tennis Players4 decades
  40. 40Jürgen KloppJürgen Kloppborn 1967 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Footballers2 decades
  41. 41Gwyneth PaltrowGwyneth Paltrowborn 1972 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors3 decades
  42. 42Gianni InfantinoGianni Infantinoborn 1970 · 🇨🇭 Switzerland · Footballersnot measured—
  43. 43Andre AgassiAndre Agassiborn 1970 · 🇺🇸 United States · Tennis Players3 decades
  44. 44Matthew McConaugheyMatthew McConaugheyborn 1969 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors2 decades
  45. 45Robert Downey Jr.Robert Downey Jr.born 1965 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors2 decades
  46. 46Roberto BaggioRoberto Baggioborn 1967 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Footballers3 decades
  47. 47Catherine Zeta-JonesCatherine Zeta-Jonesborn 1969 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Actors2 decades
  48. 48Javier BardemJavier Bardemborn 1969 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Actors3 decades
  49. 49Marco RubioMarco Rubioborn 1971 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians1 decades
  50. 50Charlie SheenCharlie Sheenborn 1965 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors3 decades
  51. 51Renée ZellwegerRenée Zellwegerborn 1969 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors0 decades
  52. 52Mariah CareyMariah Careyborn 1969 · 🇺🇸 United States · Musicians3 decades
  53. 53Christian BaleChristian Baleborn 1974 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Actors2 decades
  54. 54Joaquin PhoenixJoaquin Phoenixborn 1974 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors2 decades
  55. 55Adam SandlerAdam Sandlerborn 1966 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors2 decades
  56. 56Hugh JackmanHugh Jackmanborn 1968 · 🇦🇺 Australia · Actors2 decades
  57. 57David GuettaDavid Guettaborn 1967 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians1 decades
  58. 58Didier DeschampsDidier Deschampsborn 1968 · 🇫🇷 France · Footballers3 decades
  59. 59Heidi KlumHeidi Klumborn 1973 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models2 decades
  60. 60Jared LetoJared Letoborn 1971 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors0 decades
  61. 61Mark CarneyMark Carneyborn 1965 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Politicians1 decades
  62. 62Jude LawJude Lawborn 1972 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Actors2 decades
  63. 63Halle BerryHalle Berryborn 1966 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors3 decades
  64. 64Lance ArmstrongLance Armstrongborn 1971 · 🇺🇸 United States · Athletes2 decades
  65. 65Jeremy RennerJeremy Rennerborn 1971 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors0 decades
  66. 66Gillian AndersonGillian Andersonborn 1968 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors3 decades
  67. 67Helena Bonham CarterHelena Bonham Carterborn 1966 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Actors3 decades
  68. 68Alessandro Del PieroAlessandro Del Pieroborn 1974 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Footballers3 decades
  69. 69Edward NortonEdward Nortonborn 1969 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors2 decades
  70. 70Mike TysonMike Tysonborn 1966 · 🇺🇸 United States · Athletes4 decades
  71. 71Sophie MarceauSophie Marceauborn 1966 · 🇫🇷 France · Actors4 decades
  72. 72Vin DieselVin Dieselborn 1967 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors2 decades
  73. 73Naomi WattsNaomi Wattsborn 1968 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Actors2 decades
  74. 74Jennifer ConnellyJennifer Connellyborn 1970 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors1 decades
  75. 75Grigori PerelmanGrigori Perelmanborn 1966 · Academics1 decades
  76. 76Marilyn MansonMarilyn Mansonborn 1969 · 🇺🇸 United States · Musicians3 decades
  77. 77Snoop DoggSnoop Doggborn 1971 · 🇺🇸 United States · Musicians2 decades
  78. 78Rachel WeiszRachel Weiszborn 1970 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Actors1 decades
  79. 79Sinéad O'ConnorSinéad O'Connor1966–2023 · Musicians0 decades
  80. 80BanksyBanksyborn 1973 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Artists2 decades
  81. 81Janet JacksonJanet Jacksonborn 1966 · 🇺🇸 United States · Musicians4 decades
  82. 82Adrien BrodyAdrien Brodyborn 1973 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors1 decades
  83. 83Brendan FraserBrendan Fraserborn 1968 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors1 decades
  84. 84Philip Seymour HoffmanPhilip Seymour Hoffman1967–2014 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors2 decades
  85. 85Felix BaumgartnerFelix Baumgartner1969–2025 · 🇦🇹 Austria · Athletes1 decades
  86. 86Idris ElbaIdris Elbaborn 1972 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Actors1 decades
  87. 87Vanessa ParadisVanessa Paradisborn 1972 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians4 decades
  88. 88Kylie MinogueKylie Minogueborn 1968 · 🇦🇺 Australia · Musicians3 decades
  89. 89Ricky MartinRicky Martinborn 1971 · 🇺🇸 United States · Musicians3 decades
  90. 90Eric CantonaEric Cantonaborn 1966 · 🇫🇷 France · Footballers2 decades
  91. 91Ethan HawkeEthan Hawkeborn 1970 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors3 decades
  92. 92Ewan McGregorEwan McGregorborn 1971 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors3 decades
  93. 93Sergey BrinSergey Brinborn 1973 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists2 decades
  94. 94George WeahGeorge Weahborn 1966 · Politicians0 decades
  95. 95Paolo MaldiniPaolo Maldiniborn 1968 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Footballers3 decades
  96. 96Matthew PerryMatthew Perry1969–2023 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors6 decades
  97. 97Luis EnriqueLuis Enriqueborn 1970 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Footballersnot measured—
  98. 98Sofía VergaraSofía Vergaraborn 1972 · Actors2 decades
  99. 99Jack BlackJack Blackborn 1969 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors2 decades
  100. 100Ben StillerBen Stillerborn 1965 · 🇺🇸 United States · Actors3 decades

How this is measured

  • Placing people in time. Each person belongs to the century in which they were most active — around age 35, and never after their death.
  • Who ranks highest. Within a century, people are ranked where two independent signals agree: how many of the world’s Wikipedia language editions cover them, and how many people actually read about them. Article counts alone can be lifted by a person’s own circle; readers cannot.
  • Fame in print. The curves count how often a name appears in Google Books from 1800 to 2019, as a share of all the words printed each year, in the person’s own language wherever that corpus exists. Those decades are over, so each measurement is made once and kept.
  • What is left out. A lifetime is measured only from 1820, when there is enough print to judge; the five years after a death are skipped as obituaries; and a name shared with someone equally notable is credited to neither.