Claim profile
1800–1899

The 19th century

Whose names filled the books of the 19th century — anyone at all, however long dead — counted as mentions per million words printed, so a period that simply published more does not inflate anyone.

Talked about then

Whose names appeared most in German books during the 19th century — whenever they lived.

In books written inEnglish18,114German3,599French3,347Italian1,787Spanish1,162Russian325Hebrew105Chinese9
  1. 1Frederick William, Prince of Hohenzollern-HechingenFrederick William, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen1663–1735 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures8.4
  2. 2Frederick William, Margrave of Brandenburg-SchwedtFrederick William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt1700–1771 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany8.4
  3. 3Frederick William, Elector of BrandenburgFrederick William, Elector of Brandenburg1620–1688 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures8.4
  4. 4Frederick William of Saxe-MeiningenFrederick William of Saxe-Meiningen1679–1746 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures8.4
  5. 5Friedrich II, Grand Duke of BadenFriedrich II, Grand Duke of Baden1857–1928 · 19th century · Historical Figures4.0
  6. 6Maria TheresaMaria Theresa1717–1780 · 18th century · 🇦🇹 Austria · Historical Figures3.8
  7. 7Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-HomburgFrederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg1633–1708 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany3.8
  8. 8Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-AltenburgFrederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg1676–1732 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians3.8
  9. 9Frederick II, Elector PalatineFrederick II, Elector Palatine1482–1556 · 16th century3.8
  10. 10Frederick II, Duke of Brunswick-LüneburgFrederick II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg1418–1478 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures3.8
  11. 11Frederick II of LegnicaFrederick II of Legnica1480–1547 · 16th century3.8
  12. 12John Frederick, Count Palatine of Sulzbach-HilpoltsteinJohn Frederick, Count Palatine of Sulzbach-Hilpoltstein1587–1644 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany2.9
  13. 13John Frederick, Duke of PomeraniaJohn Frederick, Duke of Pomerania1542–1600 · 16th century · Religious Figures2.9
  14. 14John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-AnsbachJohn Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach1654–1686 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models2.9
  15. 15John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-LüneburgJohn Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg1625–1679 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.9
  16. 16John Frederick, Prince of Schwarzburg-RudolstadtJohn Frederick, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt1721–1767 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.9
  17. 17John Frederick, Duke of WürttembergJohn Frederick, Duke of Württemberg1582–1628 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.9
  18. 18John George, Elector of BrandenburgJohn George, Elector of Brandenburg1525–1598 · 16th century · Religious Figures2.7
  19. 19Johann Georg, Duke of Saxe-WeissenfelsJohann Georg, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels1677–1712 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.7
  20. 20HIHenry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen1460–1526 · 15th century · Historical Figures2.5
  21. 21Henry IV, Duke of MecklenburgHenry IV, Duke of Mecklenburg1417–1477 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany2.5
  22. 22HIHenry IV, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg1397–1427 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.5
  23. 23Franz I, Prince of LiechtensteinFranz I, Prince of Liechtenstein1853–1938 · 19th century · 🇦🇹 Austria · Politicians1.9
  24. 24Jean PaulJean Paul1763–1825 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers1.8
  25. 25Frederick Augustus, Duke of Württemberg-NeuenstadtFrederick Augustus, Duke of Württemberg-Neuenstadt1654–1716 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.8
  26. 26Frederick Augustus, Prince of Anhalt-ZerbstFrederick Augustus, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst1734–1793 · 18th century · Historical Figures1.8
  27. 27Frederick Augustus, Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-OelsFrederick Augustus, Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Oels1740–1805 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.8
  28. 28Frederick August I, Duke of OldenburgFrederick August I, Duke of Oldenburg1711–1785 · 18th century · Models1.8
  29. 29Duke Friedrich I, Duke of AnhaltDuke Friedrich I, Duke of Anhalt1831–1904 · 19th century · Historical Figures1.7
  30. 30Friedrich I, Grand Duke of BadenFriedrich I, Grand Duke of Baden1826–1907 · 19th century · Historical Figures1.7
  31. 31Henry V, Duke of Brunswick-LüneburgHenry V, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg1489–1568 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.6
  32. 32Henry II, Duke of BavariaHenry II, Duke of Bavaria951–995 · 10th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.6
  33. 33HIHenry II of Augsburg1001–1063 · 11th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Religious Figures1.6
  34. 34HIHenry II, Count of Gorizia1150–1150 · 12th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.6
  35. 35Henry II, Count of Reuss-GeraHenry II, Count of Reuss-Gera1572–1635 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.6
  36. 36HIHenry II, Lord of Mecklenburg1262–1329 · 13th century · Historical Figures1.6
  37. 37HIHenry II, Margrave of Meissen1103–1123 · 12th century · Models1.6
  38. 38HIHenry II, Duke of Limburg1110–1167 · 12th century · Historical Figures1.6
  39. 39Henry II, Landgrave of HesseHenry II, Landgrave of Hesse1299–1376 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.6
  40. 40Frederick I, Count Palatine of SimmernFrederick I, Count Palatine of Simmern1417–1480 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.5
  41. 41Frederick IFrederick I1425–1476 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians1.5
  42. 42Frederick I of Saxe-Gotha-AltenburgFrederick I of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg1646–1691 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.5
  43. 43Frederick I of PrussiaFrederick I of Prussia1657–1713 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians1.5
  44. 44Frederick I, Landgrave of Hesse-HomburgFrederick I, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg1585–1638 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.5
  45. 45Frederick I of LiegnitzFrederick I of Liegnitz1446–1488 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.5
  46. 46Frederick I, Elector of BrandenburgFrederick I, Elector of Brandenburg1371–1440 · 15th century1.5
  47. 47Frederick I, Duke of Brunswick-WolfenbüttelFrederick I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel1357–1400 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.5
  48. 48Frederick III, German EmperorFrederick III, German Emperor1831–1888 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians1.5
  49. 49Frederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of OldenburgFrederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg1852–1931 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.5
  50. 50HIHenry III, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen1416–1464 · 15th century1.4
  51. 51Henry IIIHenry III1215–1288 · 13th century · Writers1.4
  52. 52HIHenry III, Duke of Mecklenburg1337–1383 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.4
  53. 53Henry III, Count of SaynHenry III, Count of Sayn1193–1247 · 13th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.4
  54. 54Henry III, Duke of LimburgHenry III, Duke of Limburg1167–1221 · 13th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.4
  55. 55HIHenry III, Prince of Anhalt-Aschersleben1300–1307 · 14th century · Religious Figures1.4
  56. 56Henry III, Landgrave of Upper HesseHenry III, Landgrave of Upper Hesse1440–1483 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models1.4
  57. 57Henry III of Nassau-BredaHenry III of Nassau-Breda1483–1538 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.4
  58. 58HIHenry III, Duke of Bavaria940–989 · 10th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.4
  59. 59WIWilliam III, Count of Weimar1000–1039 · 11th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.4
  60. 60William IIIWilliam III1425–1482 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.4
  61. 61William III, Landgrave of HesseWilliam III, Landgrave of Hesse1471–1500 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.4
  62. 62ParacelsusParacelsus1493–1541 · 16th century · 🇨🇭 Switzerland · Doctors1.4
  63. 63Joseph II, Holy Roman EmperorJoseph II, Holy Roman Emperor1741–1790 · 18th century · 🇦🇹 Austria · Historical Figures1.3
  64. 64Charles IV, Holy Roman EmperorCharles IV, Holy Roman Emperor1316–1378 · 14th century · Historical Figures1.3
  65. 65Frederick III of LegnicaFrederick III of Legnica1520–1570 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.3
  66. 66Frederick III of the PalatinateFrederick III of the Palatinate1515–1576 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models1.3
  67. 67Frederick III, Prince of Salm-KyrburgFrederick III, Prince of Salm-Kyrburg1744–1794 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.3
  68. 68Frederick III, Landgrave of Hesse-HomburgFrederick III, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg1673–1746 · 18th century · Politicians1.3
  69. 69Frederick III, Margrave of BadenFrederick III, Margrave of Baden1327–1353 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models1.3
  70. 70Frederick III, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-GottorpFrederick III, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp1597–1659 · 17th century · Historical Figures1.3
  71. 71Friedrich III, Margrave of Brandenburg-BayreuthFriedrich III, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth1711–1763 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models1.3
  72. 72Frederick III, Burgrave of NurembergFrederick III, Burgrave of Nuremberg1220–1297 · 13th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.3
  73. 73Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-AltenburgFrederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg1699–1772 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.3
  74. 74Gustav Adolph, Duke of Mecklenburg-GüstrowGustav Adolph, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow1633–1695 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers1.2
  75. 75Philip II, Margrave of Baden-BadenPhilip II, Margrave of Baden-Baden1559–1588 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models1.2
  76. 76PIPhilip II, Count of Waldeck1453–1524 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.2
  77. 77Philip II, Count of Schaumburg-LippePhilip II, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe1723–1787 · 18th century · Historical Figures1.2
  78. 78Philip II, Duke of PomeraniaPhilip II, Duke of Pomerania1573–1618 · 17th century · Historical Figures1.2
  79. 79PIPhilip II, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg1501–1529 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.2
  80. 80PIPhilip II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen1533–1596 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.2
  81. 81PIPhilip II, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg1462–1504 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.2
  82. 82William the SilentWilliam the Silent1533–1584 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians1.1
  83. 83William I, German EmperorWilliam I, German Emperor1797–1888 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.1
  84. 84William IWilliam I1343–1407 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.1
  85. 85William I, Elector of HesseWilliam I, Elector of Hesse1743–1821 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.1
  86. 86WIWilliam I of Weimar900–963 · 10th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.1
  87. 87William, Landgrave of Hesse-RotenburgWilliam, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg1648–1725 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.1
  88. 88William I, Count of Nassau-SiegenWilliam I, Count of Nassau-Siegen1487–1559 · 16th century1.1
  89. 89Wilhelm I of WürttembergWilhelm I of Württemberg1781–1864 · 19th century · Historical Figures1.1
  90. 90William I, Duke of BavariaWilliam I, Duke of Bavaria1330–1389 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians1.1
  91. 91Carl Friedrich I, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-EisenachCarl Friedrich I, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach1783–1853 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.0
  92. 92Karl Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-BernburgKarl Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg1668–1721 · 18th century · Historical Figures1.0
  93. 93Charles Frederick, Duke of Saxe-MeiningenCharles Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen1712–1743 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.0
  94. 94Ferdinand I of RomaniaFerdinand I of Romania1865–1927 · 20th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.0
  95. 95Ferdinand II of PortugalFerdinand II of Portugal1816–1885 · 19th century · 🇦🇹 Austria · Historical Figures1.0
  96. 96Ferdinand II, Holy Roman EmperorFerdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor1578–1637 · 17th century · 🇦🇹 Austria · Historical Figures1.0
  97. 97Ferdinand II, Archduke of AustriaFerdinand II, Archduke of Austria1529–1595 · 16th century · 🇦🇹 Austria · Historical Figures1.0
  98. 98Hans SachsHans Sachs1494–1576 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers0.99
  99. 99Wilhelm II, German EmperorWilhelm II, German Emperor1859–1941 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures0.99
  100. 100Wilhelm II of WürttembergWilhelm II of Württemberg1848–1921 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures0.95

Lived then

The most notable people whose working lives fell in the 19th century, ranked where Wikipedia coverage and readership agree.

CountryAll🇺🇸 United States🇫🇷 France🇩🇪 Germany🇬🇧 United Kingdom🇮🇹 Italy🇪🇸 Spain🇯🇵 Japan🇦🇹 Austria🇹🇷 Turkey🇸🇪 Sweden
FieldAllPoliticiansWritersHistorical FiguresScientistsAcademicsArtistsMusiciansDoctorsFoundersJournalists
  1. 1NapoleonNapoleon1769–1821 · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures22 decades
  2. 2Leo TolstoyLeo Tolstoy1828–1910 · Writers18 decades
  3. 3Alexander PushkinAlexander Pushkin1799–1837 · Writers21 decades
  4. 4Victor HugoVictor Hugo1802–1885 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers22 decades
  5. 5Fyodor DostoevskyFyodor Dostoevsky1821–1881 · Writers17 decades
  6. 6Karl MarxKarl Marx1818–1883 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics17 decades
  7. 7Vincent van GoghVincent van Gogh1853–1890 · 🇳🇱 Netherlands · Artists12 decades
  8. 8Ludwig van BeethovenLudwig van Beethoven1770–1827 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Musicians21 decades
  9. 9Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln1809–1865 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians22 decades
  10. 10Nikola TeslaNikola Tesla1856–1943 · Scientists13 decades
  11. 11Anton ChekhovAnton Chekhov1860–1904 · Writers15 decades
  12. 12Friedrich NietzscheFriedrich Nietzsche1844–1900 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics15 decades
  13. 13Sigmund FreudSigmund Freud1856–1939 · 🇦🇹 Austria · Writers12 decades
  14. 14Simón BolívarSimón Bolívar1783–1830 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians21 decades
  15. 15Pyotr Ilyich TchaikovskyPyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky1840–1893 · Musicians10 decades
  16. 16Queen VictoriaQueen Victoria1819–1901 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Historical Figuresnot measured—
  17. 17Jane AustenJane Austen1775–1817 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers19 decades
  18. 18Otto von BismarckOtto von Bismarck1815–1898 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians16 decades
  19. 19Alexandre DumasAlexandre Dumas1802–1870 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers22 decades
  20. 20Charles DarwinCharles Darwin1809–1882 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Scientists21 decades
  21. 21Richard WagnerRichard Wagner1813–1883 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Musicians19 decades
  22. 22Jules VerneJules Verne1828–1905 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers16 decades
  23. 23Frédéric ChopinFrédéric Chopin1810–1849 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians16 decades
  24. 24Oscar WildeOscar Wilde1854–1900 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers14 decades
  25. 25Nikolai GogolNikolai Gogol1809–1852 · Writers19 decades
  26. 26Edgar Allan PoeEdgar Allan Poe1809–1849 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers17 decades
  27. 27Émile ZolaÉmile Zola1840–1902 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers16 decades
  28. 28Sarah BernhardtSarah Bernhardt1844–1923 · 🇫🇷 France · Actors15 decades
  29. 29Honoré de BalzacHonoré de Balzac1799–1850 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers17 decades
  30. 30Thomas EdisonThomas Edison1847–1931 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists13 decades
  31. 31Dmitri MendeleevDmitri Mendeleev1834–1907 · Scientists11 decades
  32. 32Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt1858–1919 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians16 decades
  33. 33Charles DickensCharles Dickens1812–1870 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers20 decades
  34. 34Claude MonetClaude Monet1840–1926 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists14 decades
  35. 35George SandGeorge Sand1804–1876 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers20 decades
  36. 36Giuseppe VerdiGiuseppe Verdi1813–1901 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Musicians18 decades
  37. 37Guy de MaupassantGuy de Maupassant1850–1893 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers14 decades
  38. 38Arthur SchopenhauerArthur Schopenhauer1788–1860 · Academics20 decades
  39. 39Louis PasteurLouis Pasteur1822–1895 · 🇫🇷 France · Scientists14 decades
  40. 40Arthur RimbaudArthur Rimbaud1854–1891 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers14 decades
  41. 41Mark TwainMark Twain1835–1910 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers16 decades
  42. 42Charles BaudelaireCharles Baudelaire1821–1867 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers17 decades
  43. 43Heinrich HeineHeinrich Heine1797–1856 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers21 decades
  44. 44Georg Wilhelm Friedrich HegelGeorg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel1770–1831 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics21 decades
  45. 45Napoleon IIINapoleon III1808–1873 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians21 decades
  46. 46Franz SchubertFranz Schubert1797–1828 · 🇦🇹 Austria · Musicians22 decades
  47. 47Mikhail LermontovMikhail Lermontov1814–1841 · Writers15 decades
  48. 48James A. GarfieldJames A. Garfield1831–1881 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians16 decades
  49. 49Antoni GaudíAntoni Gaudí1852–1926 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Architects5 decades
  50. 50Hans Christian AndersenHans Christian Andersen1805–1875 · Writers18 decades
  51. 51Wilhelm II, German EmperorWilhelm II, German Emperor1859–1941 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures17 decades
  52. 52Carl Friedrich GaussCarl Friedrich Gauss1777–1855 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics11 decades
  53. 53Pope Leo XIIIPope Leo XIII1810–1903 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Religious Figures15 decades
  54. 54Alfred NobelAlfred Nobel1833–1896 · 🇸🇪 Sweden · Scientists13 decades
  55. 55Alexander I of RussiaAlexander I of Russia1777–1825 · Historical Figures21 decades
  56. 56Gustav MahlerGustav Mahler1860–1911 · Musicians13 decades
  57. 57Paul CézannePaul Cézanne1839–1906 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists12 decades
  58. 58Giacomo PucciniGiacomo Puccini1858–1924 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Musicians15 decades
  59. 59Giuseppe GaribaldiGiuseppe Garibaldi1807–1882 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians11 decades
  60. 60Giacomo LeopardiGiacomo Leopardi1798–1837 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers22 decades
  61. 61Johannes BrahmsJohannes Brahms1833–1897 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Musicians17 decades
  62. 62Taras ShevchenkoTaras Shevchenko1814–1861 · Writers13 decades
  63. 63Lord ByronLord Byron1788–1824 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers22 decades
  64. 64Arthur Conan DoyleArthur Conan Doyle1859–1930 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers12 decades
  65. 65Nicholas I of RussiaNicholas I of Russia1796–1855 · Models19 decades
  66. 66Ada LovelaceAda Lovelace1815–1852 · Academics3 decades
  67. 67Alexander von HumboldtAlexander von Humboldt1769–1859 · Historical Figures8 decades
  68. 68Henry FordHenry Ford1863–1947 · 🇺🇸 United States · Founders16 decades
  69. 69Alexander II of RussiaAlexander II of Russia1818–1881 · Historical Figures17 decades
  70. 70Pope Pius XIPope Pius XI1857–1939 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Religious Figures10 decades
  71. 71Gabriele D'AnnunzioGabriele D'Annunzio1863–1938 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers14 decades
  72. 72Robert Louis StevensonRobert Louis Stevenson1850–1894 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers15 decades
  73. 73Pope Pius IXPope Pius IX1792–1878 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Religious Figures18 decades
  74. 74Max WeberMax Weber1864–1920 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics15 decades
  75. 75Edward VIIEdward VII1841–1910 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Historical Figures13 decades
  76. 76Mary ShelleyMary Shelley1797–1851 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers16 decades
  77. 77Friedrich EngelsFriedrich Engels1820–1895 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics17 decades
  78. 78Gustave FlaubertGustave Flaubert1821–1880 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers17 decades
  79. 79Paul von HindenburgPaul von Hindenburg1847–1934 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians10 decades
  80. 80Pope Pius XPope Pius X1835–1914 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Religious Figures12 decades
  81. 81Paul GauguinPaul Gauguin1848–1903 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists13 decades
  82. 82William McKinleyWilliam McKinley1843–1901 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians16 decades
  83. 83Max PlanckMax Planck1858–1947 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Scientists14 decades
  84. 84Florence NightingaleFlorence Nightingale1820–1910 · Writers17 decades
  85. 85Alexander III of RussiaAlexander III of Russia1845–1894 · Historical Figures16 decades
  86. 86Franz Joseph I of AustriaFranz Joseph I of Austria1830–1916 · 🇦🇹 Austria · Historical Figures18 decades
  87. 87Gustav KlimtGustav Klimt1862–1918 · 🇦🇹 Austria · Artists12 decades
  88. 88Franz LisztFranz Liszt1811–1886 · 🇦🇹 Austria · Musicians19 decades
  89. 89Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson1856–1924 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians14 decades
  90. 90Felix MendelssohnFelix Mendelssohn1809–1847 · Musicians18 decades
  91. 91StendhalStendhal1783–1842 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers22 decades
  92. 92Emily BrontëEmily Brontë1818–1848 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers14 decades
  93. 93Archduke Franz Ferdinand of AustriaArchduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria1863–1914 · 🇦🇹 Austria · Politiciansnot measured—
  94. 94Robert SchumannRobert Schumann1810–1856 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Musicians19 decades
  95. 95Philippe PétainPhilippe Pétain1856–1951 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians8 decades
  96. 96Ulysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant1822–1885 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians16 decades
  97. 97Søren KierkegaardSøren Kierkegaard1813–1855 · Academics3 decades
  98. 98Pope Benedict XVPope Benedict XV1854–1922 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Religious Figures11 decades
  99. 99Gustave EiffelGustave Eiffel1832–1923 · 🇫🇷 France · Scientists10 decades
  100. 100Empress Dowager CixiEmpress Dowager Cixi1835–1908 · 🇨🇳 China · Historical Figures5 decades

How this is measured

  • Placing people in time. Each person belongs to the century in which they were most active — around age 35, and never after their death.
  • Who ranks highest. Within a century, people are ranked where two independent signals agree: how many of the world’s Wikipedia language editions cover them, and how many people actually read about them. Article counts alone can be lifted by a person’s own circle; readers cannot.
  • Fame in print. The curves count how often a name appears in Google Books from 1800 to 2019, as a share of all the words printed each year, in the person’s own language wherever that corpus exists. Those decades are over, so each measurement is made once and kept.
  • What is left out. A lifetime is measured only from 1820, when there is enough print to judge; the five years after a death are skipped as obituaries; and a name shared with someone equally notable is credited to neither.