Claim profile
1800–1899

The 19th century

Whose names filled the books of the 19th century — anyone at all, however long dead — counted as mentions per million words printed, so a period that simply published more does not inflate anyone.

Talked about then

Whose names appeared most in Italian books during the 19th century — whenever they lived.

In books written inEnglish18,114German3,599French3,347Italian1,787Spanish1,162Russian325Hebrew105Chinese9
  1. 1GiottoGiotto1267–1337 · 14th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists5.5
  2. 2Antonio da CorreggioAntonio da Correggio1489–1534 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists5.0
  3. 3Lorenzo de' MediciLorenzo de' Medici1449–1492 · 15th century · Politicians3.0
  4. 4Dante AlighieriDante Alighieri1265–1321 · 14th century · Writers2.9
  5. 5Pietro PeruginoPietro Perugino1448–1523 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists2.9
  6. 6Donato BramanteDonato Bramante1444–1514 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Architects2.6
  7. 7Torquato TassoTorquato Tasso1544–1595 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers2.6
  8. 8CaravaggioCaravaggio1571–1610 · 17th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists2.1
  9. 9Apostolo ZenoApostolo Zeno1668–1750 · 18th century · Writers2.1
  10. 10CimabueCimabue1240–1302 · 13th century · Artists2.1
  11. 11TintorettoTintoretto1519–1594 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists1.9
  12. 12Charles BorromeoCharles Borromeo1538–1584 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Religious Figures1.8
  13. 13DonatelloDonatello1386–1466 · 15th century · Artists1.8
  14. 14Paul the DeaconPaul the Deacon720–799 · 8th century · Writers1.8
  15. 15Leonardo da VinciLeonardo da Vinci1452–1519 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists1.7
  16. 16Philip NeriPhilip Neri1515–1595 · 16th century · Religious Figures1.7
  17. 17Marco PoloMarco Polo1254–1324 · 13th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians1.7
  18. 18Cosimo de' MediciCosimo de' Medici1389–1464 · 15th century · Politicians1.7
  19. 19Galileo GalileiGalileo Galilei1564–1642 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Scientists1.7
  20. 20Andrea DoriaAndrea Doria1466–1560 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians1.6
  21. 21Giulio RomanoGiulio Romano1499–1546 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists1.6
  22. 22GuercinoGuercino1591–1666 · 17th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists1.5
  23. 23DomenichinoDomenichino1581–1641 · 17th century · Artists1.5
  24. 24Ugo FoscoloUgo Foscolo1778–1827 · 19th century · Writers1.4
  25. 25PetrarchPetrarch1304–1374 · 14th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Academics1.4
  26. 26Andrea del SartoAndrea del Sarto1486–1530 · 16th century · Artists1.2
  27. 27Pietro AretinoPietro Aretino1492–1556 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers1.2
  28. 28Alessandro ManzoniAlessandro Manzoni1785–1873 · 19th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers1.2
  29. 29Giorgio VasariGiorgio Vasari1511–1574 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists1.2
  30. 30MasaccioMasaccio1401–1428 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists1.1
  31. 31Baldassare FranceschiniBaldassare Franceschini1611–1690 · 17th century · Artists1.1
  32. 32Francis of AssisiFrancis of Assisi1182–1226 · 13th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers1.1
  33. 33Cesare BorgiaCesare Borgia1475–1507 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Historical Figures1.1
  34. 34Paolo VeronesePaolo Veronese1528–1588 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists1.1
  35. 35Guido ReniGuido Reni1575–1642 · 17th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists1.0
  36. 36Dino CompagniDino Compagni1255–1324 · 13th century · Writers1.0
  37. 37Pietro BemboPietro Bembo1470–1547 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Religious Figures1.00
  38. 38Guido CavalcantiGuido Cavalcanti1258–1300 · 13th century · Writers0.99
  39. 39Niccolò MachiavelliNiccolò Machiavelli1469–1527 · 16th century · Politicians0.99
  40. 40Filippo Maria ViscontiFilippo Maria Visconti1392–1447 · 15th century · Politicians0.97
  41. 41Cesare BalboCesare Balbo1789–1853 · 19th century · Politicians0.97
  42. 42Giuseppe MazziniGiuseppe Mazzini1805–1872 · 19th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Activists0.93
  43. 43Prospero ColonnaProspero Colonna1452–1523 · 15th century0.90
  44. 44Benvenuto CelliniBenvenuto Cellini1500–1571 · 16th century · Artists0.90
  45. 45Benedetto VarchiBenedetto Varchi1503–1565 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.88
  46. 46Francesco GuicciardiniFrancesco Guicciardini1483–1540 · 16th century · Writers0.88
  47. 47Aloysius GonzagaAloysius Gonzaga1568–1591 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Religious Figures0.88
  48. 48Vittorio AlfieriVittorio Alfieri1749–1803 · 18th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Historical Figures0.87
  49. 49Silvio PellicoSilvio Pellico1789–1854 · 19th century · Writers0.87
  50. 50Cesare CantùCesare Cantù1804–1895 · 19th century · Writers0.87
  51. 51Giacomo LeopardiGiacomo Leopardi1798–1837 · 19th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.85
  52. 52Vincenzo GiobertiVincenzo Gioberti1801–1852 · 19th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Academics0.85
  53. 53Giovanni BoccaccioGiovanni Boccaccio1313–1375 · 14th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.85
  54. 54Francesco RediFrancesco Redi1626–1697 · 17th century · Doctors0.85
  55. 55Francesco GonzagaFrancesco Gonzaga1444–1483 · 15th century0.84
  56. 56Franco SacchettiFranco Sacchetti1332–1400 · 14th century · Writers0.82
  57. 57Teodato IpatoTeodato Ipato750–800 · 8th century · Politicians0.80
  58. 58Salvator RosaSalvator Rosa1615–1673 · 17th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.76
  59. 59Giordano BrunoGiordano Bruno1548–1600 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Academics0.75
  60. 60Girolamo SavonarolaGirolamo Savonarola1452–1498 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians0.74
  61. 61Domenico PassignanoDomenico Passignano1559–1638 · 16th century · Artists0.74
  62. 62Paolo SarpiPaolo Sarpi1552–1623 · 16th century · Academics0.73
  63. 63ParmigianinoParmigianino1503–1540 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.72
  64. 64Paolo GiovioPaolo Giovio1483–1552 · 16th century · Writers0.71
  65. 65Massimo d'AzeglioMassimo d'Azeglio1798–1866 · 19th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians0.71
  66. 66AMAldus Manutius the Younger1547–1597 · 16th century0.71
  67. 67Aldus ManutiusAldus Manutius1449–1515 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy0.71
  68. 68Bernardo TassoBernardo Tasso1493–1569 · 16th century · Writers0.71
  69. 69Lucrezia BorgiaLucrezia Borgia1480–1519 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Historical Figures0.69
  70. 70Pietro da CortonaPietro da Cortona1596–1669 · 17th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.69
  71. 71MVMatteo Villani1283–1363 · 14th century · Writers0.68
  72. 72Francesco Scipione, marchese di MaffeiFrancesco Scipione, marchese di Maffei1675–1755 · 18th century · Writers0.66
  73. 73Luigi AlamanniLuigi Alamanni1495–1556 · 16th century · Writers0.65
  74. 74Vittoria ColonnaVittoria Colonna1492–1547 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.64
  75. 75Pietro VerriPietro Verri1728–1797 · 18th century · Academics0.64
  76. 76PinturicchioPinturicchio1454–1513 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.64
  77. 77Giuliano de' MediciGiuliano de' Medici1453–1478 · 15th century · Politicians0.62
  78. 78Marsilio FicinoMarsilio Ficino1433–1499 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Academics0.62
  79. 79Filippo VillaniFilippo Villani1325–1407 · 14th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.62
  80. 80Paulus ManutiusPaulus Manutius1512–1574 · 16th century · Writers0.61
  81. 81Catherine de' MediciCatherine de' Medici1519–1589 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures0.60
  82. 82Scipione AmmiratoScipione Ammirato1531–1601 · 16th century · Writers0.58
  83. 83Bernardino of SienaBernardino of Siena1380–1444 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Academics0.58
  84. 84Francesco FilelfoFrancesco Filelfo1398–1481 · 15th century · Academics0.56
  85. 85Andrea GrittiAndrea Gritti1455–1538 · 15th century · Politicians0.56
  86. 86PontormoPontormo1494–1556 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.52
  87. 87Antonio RosminiAntonio Rosmini1797–1855 · 19th century · Academics0.51
  88. 88Leon Battista AlbertiLeon Battista Alberti1404–1472 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Architects0.49
  89. 89Francesco FoscariFrancesco Foscari1373–1457 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians0.47
  90. 90Giosuè CarducciGiosuè Carducci1835–1907 · 19th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.47
  91. 91Andrea DandoloAndrea Dandolo1306–1354 · 14th century · Politicians0.45
  92. 92Alessandro CagliostroAlessandro Cagliostro1743–1795 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors0.45
  93. 93Francesco VettoriFrancesco Vettori1474–1540 · 16th century · Writers0.45
  94. 94Leandro AlbertiLeandro Alberti1479–1552 · 16th century · Writers0.45
  95. 95Amerigo VespucciAmerigo Vespucci1454–1512 · 15th century · Historical Figures0.44
  96. 96Erasmo of NarniErasmo of Narni1370–1443 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy0.44
  97. 97Anton Maria SalviniAnton Maria Salvini1653–1729 · 17th century · Writers0.43
  98. 98MichelangeloMichelangelo1475–1564 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.43
  99. 99Francesca da RiminiFrancesca da Rimini1259–1285 · 13th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.42
  100. 100Antonio CanovaAntonio Canova1757–1822 · 18th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.42

Lived then

The most notable people whose working lives fell in the 19th century, ranked where Wikipedia coverage and readership agree.

CountryAll🇺🇸 United States🇫🇷 France🇩🇪 Germany🇬🇧 United Kingdom🇮🇹 Italy🇪🇸 Spain🇯🇵 Japan🇦🇹 Austria🇹🇷 Turkey🇸🇪 Sweden
FieldAllPoliticiansWritersHistorical FiguresScientistsAcademicsArtistsMusiciansDoctorsFoundersJournalists
  1. 1Napoleon IIINapoleon III1808–1873 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians21 decades
  2. 2Giuseppe GaribaldiGiuseppe Garibaldi1807–1882 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians11 decades
  3. 3Philippe PétainPhilippe Pétain1856–1951 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians8 decades
  4. 4Georges ClemenceauGeorges Clemenceau1841–1929 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians13 decades
  5. 5Jean JaurèsJean Jaurès1859–1914 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians13 decades
  6. 6Adolphe ThiersAdolphe Thiers1797–1877 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians15 decades
  7. 7Pierre-Joseph ProudhonPierre-Joseph Proudhon1809–1865 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians8 decades
  8. 8Joachim MuratJoachim Murat1767–1815 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians21 decades
  9. 9Raymond PoincaréRaymond Poincaré1860–1934 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians13 decades
  10. 10Patrice de MacMahonPatrice de MacMahon1808–1893 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  11. 11Aristide BriandAristide Briand1862–1932 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians12 decades
  12. 12Joseph BonaparteJoseph Bonaparte1768–1844 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians22 decades
  13. 13Louis BonaparteLouis Bonaparte1778–1846 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians22 decades
  14. 14Georges-Eugène HaussmannGeorges-Eugène Haussmann1809–1891 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  15. 15Sadi CarnotSadi Carnot1837–1894 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians16 decades
  16. 16Félix FaureFélix Faure1841–1899 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians18 decades
  17. 17Michel NeyMichel Ney1769–1815 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians18 decades
  18. 18Paul DoumerPaul Doumer1857–1932 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians13 decades
  19. 19Claude BernardClaude Bernard1813–1878 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians21 decades
  20. 20Léon GambettaLéon Gambetta1838–1882 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians15 decades
  21. 21Alexandre MillerandAlexandre Millerand1859–1943 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians11 decades
  22. 22Paul DeschanelPaul Deschanel1855–1922 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians14 decades
  23. 23Ferdinand de LessepsFerdinand de Lesseps1805–1894 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians18 decades
  24. 24Gaston DoumergueGaston Doumergue1863–1937 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians13 decades
  25. 25Jules GrévyJules Grévy1807–1891 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians15 decades
  26. 26Armand FallièresArmand Fallières1841–1931 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians12 decades
  27. 27Arthur de GobineauArthur de Gobineau1816–1882 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians12 decades
  28. 28Louis Antoine, Duke of AngoulêmeLouis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême1775–1844 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians2 decades
  29. 29Émile LoubetÉmile Loubet1838–1929 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians11 decades
  30. 30Jérôme BonaparteJérôme Bonaparte1784–1860 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians22 decades
  31. 31Jules FerryJules Ferry1832–1893 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians16 decades
  32. 32Henri, Count of ChambordHenri, Count of Chambord1820–1883 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  33. 33Eugène de BeauharnaisEugène de Beauharnais1781–1824 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians21 decades
  34. 34Louis-Nicolas DavoutLouis-Nicolas Davout1770–1823 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  35. 35Lucien BonaparteLucien Bonaparte1775–1840 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians22 decades
  36. 36Jean-de-Dieu SoultJean-de-Dieu Soult1769–1851 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  37. 37Napoléon, Prince ImperialNapoléon, Prince Imperial1856–1879 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians17 decades
  38. 38Jean Casimir-PerierJean Casimir-Perier1847–1907 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  39. 39Pauline BonapartePauline Bonaparte1780–1825 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians20 decades
  40. 40Charles Lucien BonaparteCharles Lucien Bonaparte1803–1857 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  41. 41Albert I, Prince of MonacoAlbert I, Prince of Monaco1848–1922 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians18 decades
  42. 42Maria Amalia of Naples and SicilyMaria Amalia of Naples and Sicily1782–1866 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  43. 43Georges Ernest BoulangerGeorges Ernest Boulanger1837–1891 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  44. 44Auguste de MarmontAuguste de Marmont1774–1852 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  45. 45Prince Philippe, Count of ParisPrince Philippe, Count of Paris1838–1894 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians19 decades
  46. 46Elisa BonaparteElisa Bonaparte1777–1820 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians4 decades
  47. 47Charles Ferdinand, Duke of BerryCharles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry1778–1820 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1 decades
  48. 48Prince Napoléon-Jérôme, Prince NapoléonPrince Napoléon-Jérôme, Prince Napoléon1822–1891 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  49. 49Léon BourgeoisLéon Bourgeois1851–1925 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians14 decades
  50. 50Nicolas OudinotNicolas Oudinot1767–1847 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  51. 51Emmanuel de Grouchy, Marquis de GrouchyEmmanuel de Grouchy, Marquis de Grouchy1766–1847 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  52. 52Jacques MacDonaldJacques MacDonald1765–1840 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  53. 53Louis BarthouLouis Barthou1862–1934 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians13 decades
  54. 54Louis-Eugène CavaignacLouis-Eugène Cavaignac1802–1857 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians16 decades
  55. 55Georges PicquartGeorges Picquart1854–1914 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  56. 56Louis Jules TrochuLouis Jules Trochu1815–1896 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  57. 57Louis-Hubert LyauteyLouis-Hubert Lyautey1854–1934 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians7 decades
  58. 58François Achille BazaineFrançois Achille Bazaine1811–1888 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  59. 59Louis Antoine, Duke of EnghienLouis Antoine, Duke of Enghien1772–1804 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  60. 60Louis-Gabriel SuchetLouis-Gabriel Suchet1770–1826 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  61. 61Alexandre Colonna-WalewskiAlexandre Colonna-Walewski1810–1868 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  62. 62Charles III, Prince of MonacoCharles III, Prince of Monaco1818–1889 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  63. 63Joseph GallieniJoseph Gallieni1849–1916 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  64. 64Eugène PottierEugène Pottier1816–1887 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians12 decades
  65. 65Georges-Charles de Heeckeren d'AnthèsGeorges-Charles de Heeckeren d'Anthès1812–1895 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  66. 66Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, Duc de RichelieuArmand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu1766–1822 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  67. 67Jacques Charles Dupont de l'EureJacques Charles Dupont de l'Eure1767–1855 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  68. 68Pierre Waldeck-RousseauPierre Waldeck-Rousseau1846–1904 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians2 decades
  69. 69Étienne Geoffroy Saint-HilaireÉtienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire1772–1844 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians10 decades
  70. 70Victor, Prince NapoléonVictor, Prince Napoléon1862–1926 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians4 decades
  71. 71Thomas Robert BugeaudThomas Robert Bugeaud1784–1849 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  72. 72Victor SchoelcherVictor Schoelcher1804–1893 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians18 decades
  73. 73Austen Henry LayardAusten Henry Layard1817–1894 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians3 decades
  74. 74Prince Jules de Polignac, 3rd Duke of PolignacPrince Jules de Polignac, 3rd Duke of Polignac1780–1847 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians22 decades
  75. 75Édouard Mortier, Duke of TréviseÉdouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise1768–1835 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  76. 76Victor de BroglieVictor de Broglie1785–1870 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians22 decades
  77. 77François d'Orléans, Prince of JoinvilleFrançois d'Orléans, Prince of Joinville1818–1900 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians20 decades
  78. 78Jean Maximilien LamarqueJean Maximilien Lamarque1770–1832 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  79. 79Ferdinand BuissonFerdinand Buisson1841–1932 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians13 decades
  80. 80Henri d'Orléans, Duke of AumaleHenri d'Orléans, Duke of Aumale1822–1897 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians20 decades
  81. 81Joseph CaillauxJoseph Caillaux1863–1944 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians13 decades
  82. 82Jenny LonguetJenny Longuet1844–1883 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  83. 83Émile CombesÉmile Combes1835–1921 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians12 decades
  84. 84Étienne Maurice GérardÉtienne Maurice Gérard1773–1852 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  85. 85René VivianiRené Viviani1863–1925 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians13 decades
  86. 86Édouard René Lefèbvre de LaboulayeÉdouard René Lefèbvre de Laboulaye1811–1883 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  87. 87Émile OllivierÉmile Ollivier1825–1913 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians16 decades
  88. 88Albert, 4th duc de BroglieAlbert, 4th duc de Broglie1821–1901 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians18 decades
  89. 89Eliza LynchEliza Lynch1835–1886 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians7 decades
  90. 90Jacques LaffitteJacques Laffitte1767–1844 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians20 decades
  91. 91Charles de FreycinetCharles de Freycinet1828–1923 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians8 decades
  92. 92Georges CadoudalGeorges Cadoudal1771–1804 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  93. 93Pierre CambronnePierre Cambronne1770–1842 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  94. 94Zénaïde BonaparteZénaïde Bonaparte1801–1854 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  95. 95François Étienne de KellermannFrançois Étienne de Kellermann1770–1835 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  96. 96Pierre Napoleon BonapartePierre Napoleon Bonaparte1815–1881 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  97. 97Casimir PerierCasimir Perier1777–1832 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians20 decades
  98. 98Dominique VandammeDominique Vandamme1770–1830 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  99. 99Maine de BiranMaine de Biran1766–1824 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians22 decades
  100. 100Charles-Joseph-Eugene de MazenodCharles-Joseph-Eugene de Mazenod1782–1861 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—

How this is measured

  • Placing people in time. Each person belongs to the century in which they were most active — around age 35, and never after their death.
  • Who ranks highest. Within a century, people are ranked where two independent signals agree: how many of the world’s Wikipedia language editions cover them, and how many people actually read about them. Article counts alone can be lifted by a person’s own circle; readers cannot.
  • Fame in print. The curves count how often a name appears in Google Books from 1800 to 2019, as a share of all the words printed each year, in the person’s own language wherever that corpus exists. Those decades are over, so each measurement is made once and kept.
  • What is left out. A lifetime is measured only from 1820, when there is enough print to judge; the five years after a death are skipped as obituaries; and a name shared with someone equally notable is credited to neither.