Claim profile
1800–1899

The 19th century

Whose names filled the books of the 19th century — anyone at all, however long dead — counted as mentions per million words printed, so a period that simply published more does not inflate anyone.

Talked about then

Whose names appeared most in English books during the 19th century — whenever they lived.

In books written inEnglish18,114German3,599French3,347Italian1,787Spanish1,162Russian325Hebrew105Chinese9
  1. 1JesusJesus5 BC–30 · 1st century · Religious Figures94
  2. 2HomerHomer900 BC–800 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers15
  3. 3CiceroCicero106 BC–43 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians13
  4. 4AugustusAugustus63 BC–14 · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians13
  5. 5PlatoPlato428 BC–348 BC · 1st millennium BC · Academics10
  6. 6VirgilVirgil70 BC–19 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers9.6
  7. 7AristotleAristotle384 BC–322 BC · 1st millennium BC · Academics9.4
  8. 8SocratesSocrates470 BC–399 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇧🇷 Brazil · Academics6.4
  9. 9HerodotusHerodotus484 BC–425 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writers6.2
  10. 10Charles II, Duke of SavoyCharles II, Duke of Savoy1489–1496 · 15th century · Historical Figures5.9
  11. 11Charles II, Duke of Münsterberg-OelsCharles II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels1545–1617 · 16th century · Historical Figures5.9
  12. 12Charles II, Lord of MonacoCharles II, Lord of Monaco1555–1589 · 16th century · Politicians5.9
  13. 13PlutarchPlutarch40–120 · 1st century · Academics5.6
  14. 14OvidOvid43 BC–17 · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers4.2
  15. 15StraboStrabo63 BC–23 · 1st millennium BC · Academics4.1
  16. 16CharlemagneCharlemagne748–814 · 8th century · Historical Figures3.9
  17. 17DemosthenesDemosthenes384 BC–322 BC · 1st millennium BC · Politicians3.8
  18. 18Lord ByronLord Byron1788–1824 · 19th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers3.6
  19. 19Henry IV, Duke of BrabantHenry IV, Duke of Brabant1251–1272 · 13th century3.5
  20. 20Henry IV, Holy Roman EmperorHenry IV, Holy Roman Emperor1050–1106 · 11th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures3.5
  21. 21Henry IV, Duke of LimburgHenry IV, Duke of Limburg1195–1247 · 13th century · Historical Figures3.5
  22. 22HIHenry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg1463–1514 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany3.5
  23. 23HIHenry IV, Count of Waldeck1300–1348 · 14th century3.5
  24. 24Henry IV, Count of LuxembourgHenry IV, Count of Luxembourg1113–1196 · 12th century · Politicians3.5
  25. 25LivyLivy59 BC–17 · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers3.4
  26. 26OrigenOrigen185–254 · 3rd century · 🇪🇬 Egypt · Academics3.1
  27. 27CleopatraCleopatra69 BC–30 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇪🇬 Egypt · Historical Figures3.0
  28. 28XenophonXenophon430 BC–354 BC · 1st millennium BC · Academics3.0
  29. 29Walter ScottWalter Scott1771–1832 · 19th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers3.0
  30. 30Henry III, Duke of GłogówHenry III, Duke of Głogów1251–1309 · 13th century · Politicians2.8
  31. 31HIHenry III, Count of Luxembourg1070–1096 · 11th century · Historical Figures2.8
  32. 32Henry III, Count of LouvainHenry III, Count of Louvain1060–1095 · 11th century · Politicians2.8
  33. 33Henry III, Count of Schauenburg-HolsteinHenry III, Count of Schauenburg-Holstein1370–1421 · 15th century2.8
  34. 34Henry III, Duke of Münsterberg-OelsHenry III, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels1542–1587 · 16th century2.8
  35. 35Henry III, Margrave of Baden-HachbergHenry III, Margrave of Baden-Hachberg1300–1330 · 14th century · Models2.8
  36. 36Henry III, Holy Roman EmperorHenry III, Holy Roman Emperor1016–1056 · 11th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.8
  37. 37Henry III, Count of GoriziaHenry III, Count of Gorizia1263–1323 · 13th century2.8
  38. 38TertullianTertullian160–240 · 2nd century · Academics2.7
  39. 39James II, Count of UrgellJames II, Count of Urgell1388–1433 · 15th century2.6
  40. 40Robert PeelRobert Peel1788–1850 · 19th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Politicians2.6
  41. 41Henry VII, Holy Roman EmperorHenry VII, Holy Roman Emperor1275–1313 · 14th century · 🇫🇷 France2.6
  42. 42PericlesPericles494 BC–429 BC · 1st millennium BC · Politicians2.5
  43. 43Henry VI, Count of LuxembourgHenry VI, Count of Luxembourg1240–1288 · 13th century · Politicians2.5
  44. 44HVHenry VI, Count of Waldeck1340–1397 · 14th century2.5
  45. 45Henry VIHenry VI1376–1454 · 15th century2.5
  46. 46John Russell, 1st Earl of BedfordJohn Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford1485–1555 · 16th century · Politicians2.4
  47. 47EuclidEuclid333 BC–285 BC · 1st millennium BC · Academics2.4
  48. 48John the BaptistJohn the Baptist6 BC–30 · 1st century · 🇮🇱 Israel · Religious Figures2.4
  49. 49Henry II, Count of ChampagneHenry II, Count of Champagne1166–1197 · 12th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures2.3
  50. 50Henry II, Count of Holstein-RendsburgHenry II, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg1317–1390 · 14th century2.3
  51. 51Henry II , Duke of Lower LorraineHenry II , Duke of Lower Lorraine1059–1119 · 11th century2.3
  52. 52Henry II, Duke of Münsterberg-OelsHenry II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels1507–1548 · 16th century2.3
  53. 53Henry II, Prince of Anhalt-AscherslebenHenry II, Prince of Anhalt-Aschersleben1215–1266 · 13th century · Historical Figures2.3
  54. 54Henry II, Duke of Brunswick-GrubenhagenHenry II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen1289–1351 · 14th century · Historical Figures2.3
  55. 55Henry II, Duke of ŚwidnicaHenry II, Duke of Świdnica1312–1345 · 14th century2.3
  56. 56Henry IIHenry II1207–1248 · 13th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians2.3
  57. 57Henry II, Holy Roman EmperorHenry II, Holy Roman Emperor973–1024 · 11th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.3
  58. 58HIHenry II, Margrave of the Nordmark1102–1128 · 12th century2.3
  59. 59Henry II, Duke of ZiębiceHenry II, Duke of Ziębice1396–1420 · 15th century2.3
  60. 60Henry II, Margrave of Brandenburg-StendalHenry II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal1308–1320 · 14th century · Models2.3
  61. 61OthoOtho32–69 · 1st century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians2.3
  62. 62TrajanTrajan53–117 · 1st century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians2.3
  63. 63BedeBede672–735 · 8th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers2.3
  64. 64SolonSolon630 BC–560 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers2.2
  65. 65EuripidesEuripides480 BC–406 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers2.2
  66. 66ThucydidesThucydides460 BC–395 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers2.1
  67. 67PythagorasPythagoras582 BC–490 BC · 1st millennium BC · Academics2.1
  68. 68PindarPindar517 BC–437 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers2.0
  69. 69Richard IIRichard II963–1026 · 10th century · 🇫🇷 France1.9
  70. 70Julius CaesarJulius Caesar100 BC–44 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians1.9
  71. 71SophoclesSophocles496 BC–406 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers1.9
  72. 72John SmithJohn Smith1580–1631 · 17th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Historical Figures1.8
  73. 73VespasianVespasian9–79 · 1st century · Politicians1.8
  74. 74AristophanesAristophanes445 BC–385 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers1.8
  75. 75William HenryWilliam Henry1774–1836 · 19th century · Scientists1.7
  76. 76Ben JonsonBen Jonson1572–1637 · 17th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers1.7
  77. 77Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great356 BC–323 BC · 1st millennium BC · Historical Figures1.7
  78. 78HippocratesHippocrates460 BC–370 BC · 1st millennium BC · Doctors1.7
  79. 79AlcibiadesAlcibiades450 BC–404 BC · 1st millennium BC · Politicians1.6
  80. 80AhabAhab918 BC–852 BC · 1st millennium BC · Models1.6
  81. 81Isaac NewtonIsaac Newton1642–1727 · 17th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Academics1.6
  82. 82WIWilliam III, Count of Burgundy1110–1127 · 12th century · Historical Figures1.6
  83. 83WIWilliam III, Marquess of Montferrat970–1042 · 11th century · Historical Figures1.6
  84. 84WIWilliam III, Count of Jülich1150–1218 · 12th century · Historical Figures1.6
  85. 85William III, Count of ToulouseWilliam III, Count of Toulouse975–1037 · 11th century · Historical Figures1.6
  86. 86WIWilliam III, Count of Genevaborn 1280 · 14th century1.6
  87. 87William III, Duke of BavariaWilliam III, Duke of Bavaria1375–1435 · 15th century · Historical Figures1.6
  88. 88WIWilliam III, Duke of Aquitaine910–963 · 10th century1.6
  89. 89John BullJohn Bull1562–1628 · 16th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Musicians1.6
  90. 90George II, Duke of Württemberg-MontbéliardGeorge II, Duke of Württemberg-Montbéliard1626–1699 · 17th century1.6
  91. 91George II, Duke of BriegGeorge II, Duke of Brieg1523–1586 · 16th century1.6
  92. 92George II, Duke of Münsterberg-OelsGeorge II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels1512–1553 · 16th century1.6
  93. 93PolybiusPolybius200 BC–120 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers1.5
  94. 94GalenGalen129–300 · 2nd century · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Doctors1.5
  95. 95HadrianHadrian76–138 · 2nd century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Historical Figures1.5
  96. 96LucretiusLucretius94 BC–55 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers1.5
  97. 97LucanLucan39–65 · 1st century · Writers1.4
  98. 98William JonesWilliam Jones1746–1794 · 18th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Academics1.4
  99. 99William the ConquerorWilliam the Conqueror1028–1087 · 11th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures1.4

Lived then

The most notable people whose working lives fell in the 19th century, ranked where Wikipedia coverage and readership agree.

CountryAll🇺🇸 United States🇫🇷 France🇩🇪 Germany🇬🇧 United Kingdom🇮🇹 Italy🇪🇸 Spain🇯🇵 Japan🇦🇹 Austria🇹🇷 Turkey🇸🇪 Sweden
FieldAllPoliticiansWritersHistorical FiguresScientistsAcademicsArtistsMusiciansDoctorsFoundersJournalists
  1. 1Henri BergsonHenri Bergson1859–1941 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics12 decades
  2. 2Émile DurkheimÉmile Durkheim1858–1917 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics11 decades
  3. 3Thérèse of LisieuxThérèse of Lisieux1873–1897 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics10 decades
  4. 4Henri PoincaréHenri Poincaré1854–1912 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics13 decades
  5. 5Auguste ComteAuguste Comte1798–1857 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics22 decades
  6. 6Jean-François ChampollionJean-François Champollion1790–1832 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics6 decades
  7. 7Évariste GaloisÉvariste Galois1811–1832 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics6 decades
  8. 8Joseph FourierJoseph Fourier1768–1830 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics11 decades
  9. 9Ernest RenanErnest Renan1823–1892 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics17 decades
  10. 10Gustave Le BonGustave Le Bon1841–1931 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics15 decades
  11. 11Sophie GermainSophie Germain1776–1831 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics18 decades
  12. 12Vilfredo ParetoVilfredo Pareto1848–1923 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics13 decades
  13. 13Charles FourierCharles Fourier1772–1837 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics19 decades
  14. 14François AragoFrançois Arago1786–1853 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics18 decades
  15. 15Augustin-Louis CauchyAugustin-Louis Cauchy1789–1857 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0 decades
  16. 16Frédéric BastiatFrédéric Bastiat1801–1850 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics18 decades
  17. 17Allan KardecAllan Kardec1804–1869 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics16 decades
  18. 18Louis Auguste BlanquiLouis Auguste Blanqui1805–1881 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics19 decades
  19. 19Georges SorelGeorges Sorel1847–1922 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics12 decades
  20. 20Henri FayolHenri Fayol1841–1925 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics11 decades
  21. 21Jean-Baptiste SayJean-Baptiste Say1767–1832 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics21 decades
  22. 22Léon WalrasLéon Walras1834–1910 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics16 decades
  23. 23Alphonse BertillonAlphonse Bertillon1853–1914 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics11 decades
  24. 24Charles HermiteCharles Hermite1822–1901 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics7 decades
  25. 25Émile CouéÉmile Coué1857–1926 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics1 decades
  26. 26Paul PainlevéPaul Painlevé1863–1933 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics13 decades
  27. 27Gaspard-Gustave de CoriolisGaspard-Gustave de Coriolis1792–1843 · 🇫🇷 France · Academicsnot measured—
  28. 28Joseph LiouvilleJoseph Liouville1809–1882 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0 decades
  29. 29Camille JordanCamille Jordan1838–1922 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics19 decades
  30. 30Pierre JanetPierre Janet1859–1947 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics14 decades
  31. 31Gabriel TardeGabriel Tarde1843–1904 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics14 decades
  32. 32Frédéric PassyFrédéric Passy1822–1912 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics17 decades
  33. 33Lucien Lévy-BruhlLucien Lévy-Bruhl1857–1939 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics9 decades
  34. 34Gaston MasperoGaston Maspero1846–1916 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics12 decades
  35. 35Auguste MarietteAuguste Mariette1821–1881 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics11 decades
  36. 36Charles Émile PicardCharles Émile Picard1856–1941 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics9 decades
  37. 37Victor CousinVictor Cousin1792–1867 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics20 decades
  38. 38Étienne CabetÉtienne Cabet1788–1856 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics3 decades
  39. 39Józef Maria Hoene-WrońskiJózef Maria Hoene-Wroński1776–1853 · 🇫🇷 France · Academicsnot measured—
  40. 40Jean Charles Léonard de SismondiJean Charles Léonard de Sismondi1773–1842 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0 decades
  41. 41Michel ChaslesMichel Chasles1793–1880 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics15 decades
  42. 42Maurice BlondelMaurice Blondel1861–1949 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics13 decades
  43. 43Antoine Augustin CournotAntoine Augustin Cournot1801–1877 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0 decades
  44. 44Michel BréalMichel Bréal1832–1915 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics16 decades
  45. 45Jean Gaston DarbouxJean Gaston Darboux1842–1917 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics10 decades
  46. 46Édouard LucasÉdouard Lucas1842–1891 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics2 decades
  47. 47Pierre Guillaume Frédéric le PlayPierre Guillaume Frédéric le Play1806–1882 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics14 decades
  48. 48Émile LittréÉmile Littré1801–1881 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics7 decades
  49. 49Jean-Victor PonceletJean-Victor Poncelet1788–1867 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0 decades
  50. 50Alfred LoisyAlfred Loisy1857–1940 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics12 decades
  51. 51Pierre LaroussePierre Larousse1817–1875 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics16 decades
  52. 52Charles LavigerieCharles Lavigerie1825–1892 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics2 decades
  53. 53Gabriel LaméGabriel Lamé1795–1870 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0 decades
  54. 54Pierre LerouxPierre Leroux1797–1871 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics22 decades
  55. 55Théodule-Armand RibotThéodule-Armand Ribot1839–1916 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics13 decades
  56. 56Étienne-Louis MalusÉtienne-Louis Malus1775–1812 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0 decades
  57. 57Charles Bernard RenouvierCharles Bernard Renouvier1815–1903 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics13 decades
  58. 58Jules Barthélemy-Saint-HilaireJules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire1805–1895 · 🇫🇷 France · Academicsnot measured—
  59. 59Émile BoutrouxÉmile Boutroux1845–1921 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics10 decades
  60. 60Georges Vacher de LapougeGeorges Vacher de Lapouge1854–1936 · 🇫🇷 France · Academicsnot measured—
  61. 61François MagendieFrançois Magendie1783–1855 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics4 decades
  62. 62Jacques Boucher de Crèvecœur de PerthesJacques Boucher de Crèvecœur de Perthes1788–1868 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics2 decades
  63. 63Charles-Édouard Brown-SéquardCharles-Édouard Brown-Séquard1817–1894 · 🇫🇷 France · Academicsnot measured—
  64. 64Joseph BertrandJoseph Bertrand1822–1900 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics19 decades
  65. 65Jacques de MorganJacques de Morgan1857–1924 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics14 decades
  66. 66Jane DieulafoyJane Dieulafoy1851–1916 · 🇫🇷 France · Academicsnot measured—
  67. 67Thomas Joannes StieltjesThomas Joannes Stieltjes1856–1894 · 🇫🇷 France · Academicsnot measured—
  68. 68Jean-Jacques AmpèreJean-Jacques Ampère1800–1864 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics16 decades
  69. 69Louis BillotLouis Billot1846–1931 · 🇫🇷 France · Academicsnot measured—
  70. 70Édouard SchuréÉdouard Schuré1841–1929 · 🇫🇷 France · Academicsnot measured—
  71. 71Charles GideCharles Gide1847–1932 · 🇫🇷 France · Academicsnot measured—
  72. 72Julie-Victoire DaubiéJulie-Victoire Daubié1824–1874 · 🇫🇷 France · Academicsnot measured—
  73. 73Félix Ravaisson-MollienFélix Ravaisson-Mollien1813–1900 · 🇫🇷 France · Academicsnot measured—
  74. 74Léon DuguitLéon Duguit1859–1928 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics13 decades
  75. 75Achille ValenciennesAchille Valenciennes1794–1865 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0 decades
  76. 76Victor BaschVictor Basch1863–1944 · 🇫🇷 France · Academicsnot measured—
  77. 77Barthélemy-Prosper EnfantinBarthélemy-Prosper Enfantin1796–1864 · 🇫🇷 France · Academicsnot measured—
  78. 78Antonin SertillangesAntonin Sertillanges1863–1948 · 🇫🇷 France · Academicsnot measured—
  79. 79Paul AppellPaul Appell1855–1930 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics13 decades
  80. 80Jacques Philippe Marie BinetJacques Philippe Marie Binet1786–1856 · 🇫🇷 France · Academicsnot measured—
  81. 81Michel ChevalierMichel Chevalier1806–1879 · 🇫🇷 France · Academicsnot measured—
  82. 82Henri Milne-EdwardsHenri Milne-Edwards1800–1885 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics3 decades
  83. 83Louis PoinsotLouis Poinsot1777–1859 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0 decades
  84. 84Jacques-Joseph ChampollionJacques-Joseph Champollion1778–1867 · 🇫🇷 France · Academicsnot measured—
  85. 85Jean-Pierre Abel-RémusatJean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat1788–1832 · 🇫🇷 France · Academicsnot measured—
  86. 86Victor Prosper ConsiderantVictor Prosper Considerant1808–1893 · 🇫🇷 France · Academicsnot measured—
  87. 87Paul JanetPaul Janet1823–1899 · 🇫🇷 France · Academicsnot measured—
  88. 88Joseph Valentin BoussinesqJoseph Valentin Boussinesq1842–1929 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics1 decades
  89. 89Paul GervaisPaul Gervais1816–1879 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics14 decades
  90. 90Pierre Alphonse LaurentPierre Alphonse Laurent1813–1854 · 🇫🇷 France · Academicsnot measured—
  91. 91Paul-Émile BottaPaul-Émile Botta1802–1870 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0 decades
  92. 92Nicolas Théodore de SaussureNicolas Théodore de Saussure1767–1845 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0 decades
  93. 93Émile Étienne GuimetÉmile Étienne Guimet1836–1918 · 🇫🇷 France · Academicsnot measured—
  94. 94PWPierre Wantzel1814–1848 · 🇫🇷 France · Academicsnot measured—
  95. 95Charles DupinCharles Dupin1784–1873 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics21 decades
  96. 96Alexandre Saint-Yves d'AlveydreAlexandre Saint-Yves d'Alveydre1842–1909 · 🇫🇷 France · Academicsnot measured—
  97. 97Adhémar Jean Claude Barré de Saint-VenantAdhémar Jean Claude Barré de Saint-Venant1797–1886 · 🇫🇷 France · Academicsnot measured—
  98. 98Alphonse PénaudAlphonse Pénaud1850–1880 · 🇫🇷 France · Academicsnot measured—
  99. 99Clémence RoyerClémence Royer1830–1902 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics15 decades
  100. 100PFPierre Frédéric Sarrus1798–1861 · 🇫🇷 France · Academicsnot measured—

How this is measured

  • Placing people in time. Each person belongs to the century in which they were most active — around age 35, and never after their death.
  • Who ranks highest. Within a century, people are ranked where two independent signals agree: how many of the world’s Wikipedia language editions cover them, and how many people actually read about them. Article counts alone can be lifted by a person’s own circle; readers cannot.
  • Fame in print. The curves count how often a name appears in Google Books from 1800 to 2019, as a share of all the words printed each year, in the person’s own language wherever that corpus exists. Those decades are over, so each measurement is made once and kept.
  • What is left out. A lifetime is measured only from 1820, when there is enough print to judge; the five years after a death are skipped as obituaries; and a name shared with someone equally notable is credited to neither.