Claim profile
1800–1899

The 19th century

Whose names filled the books of the 19th century — anyone at all, however long dead — counted as mentions per million words printed, so a period that simply published more does not inflate anyone.

Talked about then

Whose names appeared most in Italian books during the 19th century — whenever they lived.

In books written inEnglish18,114German3,599French3,347Italian1,787Spanish1,162Russian325Hebrew105Chinese9
  1. 1GiottoGiotto1267–1337 · 14th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists5.5
  2. 2Antonio da CorreggioAntonio da Correggio1489–1534 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists5.0
  3. 3Lorenzo de' MediciLorenzo de' Medici1449–1492 · 15th century · Politicians3.0
  4. 4Dante AlighieriDante Alighieri1265–1321 · 14th century · Writers2.9
  5. 5Pietro PeruginoPietro Perugino1448–1523 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists2.9
  6. 6Donato BramanteDonato Bramante1444–1514 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Architects2.6
  7. 7Torquato TassoTorquato Tasso1544–1595 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers2.6
  8. 8CaravaggioCaravaggio1571–1610 · 17th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists2.1
  9. 9Apostolo ZenoApostolo Zeno1668–1750 · 18th century · Writers2.1
  10. 10CimabueCimabue1240–1302 · 13th century · Artists2.1
  11. 11TintorettoTintoretto1519–1594 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists1.9
  12. 12Charles BorromeoCharles Borromeo1538–1584 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Religious Figures1.8
  13. 13DonatelloDonatello1386–1466 · 15th century · Artists1.8
  14. 14Paul the DeaconPaul the Deacon720–799 · 8th century · Writers1.8
  15. 15Leonardo da VinciLeonardo da Vinci1452–1519 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists1.7
  16. 16Philip NeriPhilip Neri1515–1595 · 16th century · Religious Figures1.7
  17. 17Marco PoloMarco Polo1254–1324 · 13th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians1.7
  18. 18Cosimo de' MediciCosimo de' Medici1389–1464 · 15th century · Politicians1.7
  19. 19Galileo GalileiGalileo Galilei1564–1642 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Scientists1.7
  20. 20Andrea DoriaAndrea Doria1466–1560 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians1.6
  21. 21Giulio RomanoGiulio Romano1499–1546 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists1.6
  22. 22GuercinoGuercino1591–1666 · 17th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists1.5
  23. 23DomenichinoDomenichino1581–1641 · 17th century · Artists1.5
  24. 24Ugo FoscoloUgo Foscolo1778–1827 · 19th century · Writers1.4
  25. 25PetrarchPetrarch1304–1374 · 14th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Academics1.4
  26. 26Andrea del SartoAndrea del Sarto1486–1530 · 16th century · Artists1.2
  27. 27Pietro AretinoPietro Aretino1492–1556 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers1.2
  28. 28Alessandro ManzoniAlessandro Manzoni1785–1873 · 19th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers1.2
  29. 29Giorgio VasariGiorgio Vasari1511–1574 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists1.2
  30. 30MasaccioMasaccio1401–1428 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists1.1
  31. 31Baldassare FranceschiniBaldassare Franceschini1611–1690 · 17th century · Artists1.1
  32. 32Francis of AssisiFrancis of Assisi1182–1226 · 13th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers1.1
  33. 33Cesare BorgiaCesare Borgia1475–1507 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Historical Figures1.1
  34. 34Paolo VeronesePaolo Veronese1528–1588 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists1.1
  35. 35Guido ReniGuido Reni1575–1642 · 17th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists1.0
  36. 36Dino CompagniDino Compagni1255–1324 · 13th century · Writers1.0
  37. 37Pietro BemboPietro Bembo1470–1547 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Religious Figures1.00
  38. 38Guido CavalcantiGuido Cavalcanti1258–1300 · 13th century · Writers0.99
  39. 39Niccolò MachiavelliNiccolò Machiavelli1469–1527 · 16th century · Politicians0.99
  40. 40Filippo Maria ViscontiFilippo Maria Visconti1392–1447 · 15th century · Politicians0.97
  41. 41Cesare BalboCesare Balbo1789–1853 · 19th century · Politicians0.97
  42. 42Giuseppe MazziniGiuseppe Mazzini1805–1872 · 19th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Activists0.93
  43. 43Prospero ColonnaProspero Colonna1452–1523 · 15th century0.90
  44. 44Benvenuto CelliniBenvenuto Cellini1500–1571 · 16th century · Artists0.90
  45. 45Benedetto VarchiBenedetto Varchi1503–1565 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.88
  46. 46Francesco GuicciardiniFrancesco Guicciardini1483–1540 · 16th century · Writers0.88
  47. 47Aloysius GonzagaAloysius Gonzaga1568–1591 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Religious Figures0.88
  48. 48Vittorio AlfieriVittorio Alfieri1749–1803 · 18th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Historical Figures0.87
  49. 49Silvio PellicoSilvio Pellico1789–1854 · 19th century · Writers0.87
  50. 50Cesare CantùCesare Cantù1804–1895 · 19th century · Writers0.87
  51. 51Giacomo LeopardiGiacomo Leopardi1798–1837 · 19th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.85
  52. 52Vincenzo GiobertiVincenzo Gioberti1801–1852 · 19th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Academics0.85
  53. 53Giovanni BoccaccioGiovanni Boccaccio1313–1375 · 14th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.85
  54. 54Francesco RediFrancesco Redi1626–1697 · 17th century · Doctors0.85
  55. 55Francesco GonzagaFrancesco Gonzaga1444–1483 · 15th century0.84
  56. 56Franco SacchettiFranco Sacchetti1332–1400 · 14th century · Writers0.82
  57. 57Teodato IpatoTeodato Ipato750–800 · 8th century · Politicians0.80
  58. 58Salvator RosaSalvator Rosa1615–1673 · 17th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.76
  59. 59Giordano BrunoGiordano Bruno1548–1600 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Academics0.75
  60. 60Girolamo SavonarolaGirolamo Savonarola1452–1498 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians0.74
  61. 61Domenico PassignanoDomenico Passignano1559–1638 · 16th century · Artists0.74
  62. 62Paolo SarpiPaolo Sarpi1552–1623 · 16th century · Academics0.73
  63. 63ParmigianinoParmigianino1503–1540 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.72
  64. 64Paolo GiovioPaolo Giovio1483–1552 · 16th century · Writers0.71
  65. 65Massimo d'AzeglioMassimo d'Azeglio1798–1866 · 19th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians0.71
  66. 66Aldus ManutiusAldus Manutius1449–1515 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy0.71
  67. 67AMAldus Manutius the Younger1547–1597 · 16th century0.71
  68. 68Bernardo TassoBernardo Tasso1493–1569 · 16th century · Writers0.71
  69. 69Lucrezia BorgiaLucrezia Borgia1480–1519 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Historical Figures0.69
  70. 70Pietro da CortonaPietro da Cortona1596–1669 · 17th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.69
  71. 71MVMatteo Villani1283–1363 · 14th century · Writers0.68
  72. 72Francesco Scipione, marchese di MaffeiFrancesco Scipione, marchese di Maffei1675–1755 · 18th century · Writers0.66
  73. 73Luigi AlamanniLuigi Alamanni1495–1556 · 16th century · Writers0.65
  74. 74Vittoria ColonnaVittoria Colonna1492–1547 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.64
  75. 75Pietro VerriPietro Verri1728–1797 · 18th century · Academics0.64
  76. 76PinturicchioPinturicchio1454–1513 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.64
  77. 77Giuliano de' MediciGiuliano de' Medici1453–1478 · 15th century · Politicians0.62
  78. 78Marsilio FicinoMarsilio Ficino1433–1499 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Academics0.62
  79. 79Filippo VillaniFilippo Villani1325–1407 · 14th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.62
  80. 80Paulus ManutiusPaulus Manutius1512–1574 · 16th century · Writers0.61
  81. 81Catherine de' MediciCatherine de' Medici1519–1589 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures0.60
  82. 82Scipione AmmiratoScipione Ammirato1531–1601 · 16th century · Writers0.58
  83. 83Bernardino of SienaBernardino of Siena1380–1444 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Academics0.58
  84. 84Francesco FilelfoFrancesco Filelfo1398–1481 · 15th century · Academics0.56
  85. 85Andrea GrittiAndrea Gritti1455–1538 · 15th century · Politicians0.56
  86. 86PontormoPontormo1494–1556 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.52
  87. 87Antonio RosminiAntonio Rosmini1797–1855 · 19th century · Academics0.51
  88. 88Leon Battista AlbertiLeon Battista Alberti1404–1472 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Architects0.49
  89. 89Francesco FoscariFrancesco Foscari1373–1457 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians0.47
  90. 90Giosuè CarducciGiosuè Carducci1835–1907 · 19th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.47
  91. 91Andrea DandoloAndrea Dandolo1306–1354 · 14th century · Politicians0.45
  92. 92Alessandro CagliostroAlessandro Cagliostro1743–1795 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors0.45
  93. 93Francesco VettoriFrancesco Vettori1474–1540 · 16th century · Writers0.45
  94. 94Leandro AlbertiLeandro Alberti1479–1552 · 16th century · Writers0.45
  95. 95Amerigo VespucciAmerigo Vespucci1454–1512 · 15th century · Historical Figures0.44
  96. 96Erasmo of NarniErasmo of Narni1370–1443 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy0.44
  97. 97Anton Maria SalviniAnton Maria Salvini1653–1729 · 17th century · Writers0.43
  98. 98MichelangeloMichelangelo1475–1564 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.43
  99. 99Francesca da RiminiFrancesca da Rimini1259–1285 · 13th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.42
  100. 100Antonio CanovaAntonio Canova1757–1822 · 18th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.42

Lived then

The most notable people whose working lives fell in the 19th century, ranked where Wikipedia coverage and readership agree.

CountryAll🇺🇸 United States🇫🇷 France🇩🇪 Germany🇬🇧 United Kingdom🇮🇹 Italy🇪🇸 Spain🇯🇵 Japan🇦🇹 Austria🇹🇷 Turkey🇸🇪 Sweden
FieldAllPoliticiansWritersHistorical FiguresScientistsAcademicsArtistsMusiciansDoctorsFoundersJournalists
  1. 1Karl MarxKarl Marx1818–1883 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics17 decades
  2. 2Friedrich NietzscheFriedrich Nietzsche1844–1900 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics15 decades
  3. 3Georg Wilhelm Friedrich HegelGeorg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel1770–1831 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics21 decades
  4. 4Carl Friedrich GaussCarl Friedrich Gauss1777–1855 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics11 decades
  5. 5Max WeberMax Weber1864–1920 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics15 decades
  6. 6Friedrich EngelsFriedrich Engels1820–1895 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics17 decades
  7. 7Ludwig FeuerbachLudwig Feuerbach1804–1872 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics19 decades
  8. 8Theodor MommsenTheodor Mommsen1817–1903 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics18 decades
  9. 9Wilhelm von HumboldtWilhelm von Humboldt1767–1835 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics22 decades
  10. 10Bernhard RiemannBernhard Riemann1826–1866 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics12 decades
  11. 11Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph SchellingFriedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling1775–1854 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics9 decades
  12. 12Jacob GrimmJacob Grimm1785–1863 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics21 decades
  13. 13Heinrich SchliemannHeinrich Schliemann1822–1890 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics15 decades
  14. 14Gottlob FregeGottlob Frege1848–1925 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics9 decades
  15. 15Wilhelm WundtWilhelm Wundt1832–1920 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics15 decades
  16. 16Karl WeierstrassKarl Weierstrass1815–1897 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics8 decades
  17. 17Peter Gustav Lejeune DirichletPeter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet1805–1859 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics0 decades
  18. 18Carl Gustav Jacob JacobiCarl Gustav Jacob Jacobi1804–1851 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics1 decades
  19. 19Felix KleinFelix Klein1849–1925 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics15 decades
  20. 20Max MüllerMax Müller1823–1900 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics5 decades
  21. 21Houston Stewart ChamberlainHouston Stewart Chamberlain1855–1927 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics13 decades
  22. 22August Heinrich Hoffmann von FallerslebenAugust Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben1798–1874 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics6 decades
  23. 23Emil KraepelinEmil Kraepelin1856–1926 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics14 decades
  24. 24Bruno BauerBruno Bauer1809–1882 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics19 decades
  25. 25August Ferdinand MöbiusAugust Ferdinand Möbius1790–1868 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics3 decades
  26. 26Werner SombartWerner Sombart1863–1941 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics13 decades
  27. 27Franz BrentanoFranz Brentano1838–1917 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics16 decades
  28. 28Richard DedekindRichard Dedekind1831–1916 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics8 decades
  29. 29Moses HessMoses Hess1812–1875 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics10 decades
  30. 30Hermann EbbinghausHermann Ebbinghaus1850–1909 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics7 decades
  31. 31Ferdinand TönniesFerdinand Tönnies1855–1936 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics13 decades
  32. 32Johann Friedrich HerbartJohann Friedrich Herbart1776–1841 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics17 decades
  33. 33Friedrich RatzelFriedrich Ratzel1844–1904 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics15 decades
  34. 34Adolf von HarnackAdolf von Harnack1851–1930 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics11 decades
  35. 35Silvio GesellSilvio Gesell1862–1930 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics11 decades
  36. 36Rudolf Christoph EuckenRudolf Christoph Eucken1846–1926 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics15 decades
  37. 37Ferdinand von LindemannFerdinand von Lindemann1852–1939 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics0 decades
  38. 38Eugen DühringEugen Dühring1833–1921 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics14 decades
  39. 39Carl David Tolmé RungeCarl David Tolmé Runge1856–1927 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics6 decades
  40. 40Konrad DudenKonrad Duden1829–1911 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics10 decades
  41. 41Rudolf von JheringRudolf von Jhering1818–1892 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics9 decades
  42. 42Ulrich von Wilamowitz-MoellendorffUlrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff1848–1931 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics13 decades
  43. 43Friedrich Wilhelm RaiffeisenFriedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen1818–1888 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics8 decades
  44. 44Hermann SchwarzHermann Schwarz1843–1921 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics2 decades
  45. 45Heinrich RickertHeinrich Rickert1863–1936 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics13 decades
  46. 46Hans VaihingerHans Vaihinger1852–1933 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics13 decades
  47. 47Theodor NöldekeTheodor Nöldeke1836–1930 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics16 decades
  48. 48Adolf HurwitzAdolf Hurwitz1859–1919 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics4 decades
  49. 49Johann Friedrich PfaffJohann Friedrich Pfaff1765–1825 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics0 decades
  50. 50Oscar HertwigOscar Hertwig1849–1922 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics10 decades
  51. 51Carl StumpfCarl Stumpf1848–1936 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics13 decades
  52. 52Kurt HenselKurt Hensel1861–1941 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics2 decades
  53. 53Ernst SchröderErnst Schröder1841–1902 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics13 decades
  54. 54Fritz MauthnerFritz Mauthner1849–1923 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics14 decades
  55. 55Max NoetherMax Noether1844–1921 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics2 decades
  56. 56Wilhelm KillingWilhelm Killing1847–1923 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics0 decades
  57. 57Hermann DielsHermann Diels1848–1922 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics14 decades
  58. 58Carl NeumannCarl Neumann1832–1925 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics0 decades
  59. 59Lujo BrentanoLujo Brentano1844–1931 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics15 decades
  60. 60Adolf KußmaulAdolf Kußmaul1822–1902 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  61. 61Franz von LisztFranz von Liszt1851–1919 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  62. 62Heinrich Leberecht FleischerHeinrich Leberecht Fleischer1801–1888 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  63. 63Friedrich von EsmarchFriedrich von Esmarch1823–1908 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  64. 64Hermann GunkelHermann Gunkel1862–1932 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics12 decades
  65. 65Georg Friedrich KnappGeorg Friedrich Knapp1842–1926 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  66. 66Moritz CantorMoritz Cantor1829–1920 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics6 decades
  67. 67Otto HirschfeldOtto Hirschfeld1843–1922 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  68. 68Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-HartzHeinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Hartz1836–1921 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  69. 69Karl BindingKarl Binding1841–1920 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  70. 70Gottfried Reinhold TreviranusGottfried Reinhold Treviranus1776–1837 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  71. 71Hermann PaulHermann Paul1846–1921 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics15 decades
  72. 72Franz NisslFranz Nissl1860–1919 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  73. 73Karl MollweideKarl Mollweide1774–1825 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  74. 74Hans von MangoldtHans von Mangoldt1854–1925 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  75. 75Georg DehioGeorg Dehio1850–1932 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  76. 76Arthur Moritz SchoenfliesArthur Moritz Schoenflies1853–1928 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  77. 77Philipp von JollyPhilipp von Jolly1809–1884 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  78. 78KBKarl Bücher1847–1930 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  79. 79Hermann OldenbergHermann Oldenberg1854–1920 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics12 decades
  80. 80Richard SemonRichard Semon1859–1918 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  81. 81Walther von DyckWalther von Dyck1856–1934 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  82. 82KGKarl Groos1861–1946 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  83. 83Rudolf KittelRudolf Kittel1853–1929 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  84. 84Paul Gustav Heinrich BachmannPaul Gustav Heinrich Bachmann1837–1920 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  85. 85Princess Marie of Windisch-GraetzPrincess Marie of Windisch-Graetz1856–1929 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  86. 86Fritz HommelFritz Hommel1854–1936 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  87. 87Henry ThodeHenry Thode1857–1920 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  88. 88Georg WissowaGeorg Wissowa1859–1931 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  89. 89Hermann Wilhelm VogelHermann Wilhelm Vogel1834–1898 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  90. 90Heinrich DresselHeinrich Dressel1845–1920 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  91. 91Alexander von BrillAlexander von Brill1842–1935 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  92. 92Eduard SachauEduard Sachau1845–1930 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  93. 93Georg MeissnerGeorg Meissner1829–1905 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  94. 94Leo KönigsbergerLeo Königsberger1837–1921 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  95. 95Wilhelm Martin Leberecht de WetteWilhelm Martin Leberecht de Wette1780–1849 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  96. 96Franz von LeydigFranz von Leydig1821–1908 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  97. 97Heinrich PeschHeinrich Pesch1854–1926 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  98. 98Otto FrankeOtto Franke1863–1946 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  99. 99Friedrich JodlFriedrich Jodl1849–1914 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—
  100. 100Rudolf BuchheimRudolf Buchheim1820–1879 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academicsnot measured—

How this is measured

  • Placing people in time. Each person belongs to the century in which they were most active — around age 35, and never after their death.
  • Who ranks highest. Within a century, people are ranked where two independent signals agree: how many of the world’s Wikipedia language editions cover them, and how many people actually read about them. Article counts alone can be lifted by a person’s own circle; readers cannot.
  • Fame in print. The curves count how often a name appears in Google Books from 1800 to 2019, as a share of all the words printed each year, in the person’s own language wherever that corpus exists. Those decades are over, so each measurement is made once and kept.
  • What is left out. A lifetime is measured only from 1820, when there is enough print to judge; the five years after a death are skipped as obituaries; and a name shared with someone equally notable is credited to neither.