1900–1999
The 20th century
Whose names filled the books of the 20th century — anyone at all, however long dead — counted as mentions per million words printed, so a period that simply published more does not inflate anyone.
Talked about then
Whose names appeared most in German books during the 20th century — whenever they lived.
In books written inEnglish28,219German4,127French3,913Italian2,072Spanish1,601Russian838Chinese282Hebrew149
#PersonIn print, 1800–2019Per million words
- 1
Frederick William of Saxe-Meiningen1679–1746 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures8.0
- 2
Frederick William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt1700–1771 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany8.0 - 3
Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg1620–1688 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures8.0 - 4
Frederick William, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen1663–1735 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures8.0 - 5
Thomas Mann1875–1955 · 20th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers6.1 - 6
Novalis1772–1801 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers5.5 - 7
Karl Marx1818–1883 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics4.7 - 8
Jean Paul1763–1825 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers4.3 - 9
Frederick II of Legnica1480–1547 · 16th century3.3 - 10
Friedrich II, Grand Duke of Baden1857–1928 · 19th century · Historical Figures3.3 - 11
Frederick II, Elector Palatine1482–1556 · 16th century3.3 - 12
Frederick II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg1418–1478 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures3.3 - 13
Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg1633–1708 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany3.3 - 14
Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg1676–1732 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians3.3 - 15
Johann Georg, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels1677–1712 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.9 - 16
John George, Elector of Brandenburg1525–1598 · 16th century · Religious Figures2.9
- 17
John Frederick, Count Palatine of Sulzbach-Hilpoltstein1587–1644 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany2.8 - 18
John Frederick, Duke of Pomerania1542–1600 · 16th century · Religious Figures2.8
- 19
John Frederick, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt1721–1767 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.8
- 20
John Frederick, Duke of Württemberg1582–1628 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.8 - 21
John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach1654–1686 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models2.8 - 22
John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg1625–1679 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.8 - 23
Adolf Hitler1889–1945 · 20th century · 🇦🇹 Austria · Politicians2.6 - 24
William II, Duke of Bavaria1365–1417 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany2.6 - 25
Wilhelm II of Württemberg1848–1921 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.6 - 26
William II of Hesse-Kassel1777–1847 · 19th century · Historical Figures2.6 - 27WIWilliam II of Jülich1200–1207 · 13th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.6
- 28WIWilliam II, Margrave of Meissen1371–1425 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.6
- 29WIWilliam II, Count of Weimar930–1003 · 10th century · 🇩🇪 Germany2.6
- 30
Wilhelm II, German Emperor1859–1941 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.6 - 31
William II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg1300–1369 · 14th century · Historical Figures2.6 - 32
William II, Duke of Jülich1325–1393 · 14th century · Historical Figures2.6 - 33
Maria Theresa1717–1780 · 18th century · 🇦🇹 Austria · Historical Figures2.5 - 34
Max Weber1864–1920 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics2.5 - 35
Paracelsus1493–1541 · 16th century · 🇨🇭 Switzerland · Doctors2.5 - 36
Richard Wagner1813–1883 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Musicians2.4 - 37
Friedrich Engels1820–1895 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics2.3 - 38
William I, Count of Nassau-Siegen1487–1559 · 16th century2.0 - 39
William I, Elector of Hesse1743–1821 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.0 - 40
William I1343–1407 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.0 - 41
William the Silent1533–1584 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians2.0 - 42
William, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg1648–1725 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany2.0 - 43
William I, German Emperor1797–1888 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.0
- 44WIWilliam I of Weimar900–963 · 10th century · 🇩🇪 Germany2.0
- 45
Wilhelm I of Württemberg1781–1864 · 19th century · Historical Figures2.0 - 46
William I, Duke of Bavaria1330–1389 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians2.0 - 47
Friedrich Schlegel1772–1829 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers1.8 - 48HIHenry IV, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg1397–1427 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.8
- 49
Henry IV, Duke of Mecklenburg1417–1477 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.8 - 50HIHenry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen1460–1526 · 15th century · Historical Figures1.8
- 51
Erich Honecker1912–1994 · 20th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians1.7 - 52
Heinrich Mann1871–1950 · 20th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers1.7 - 53
Martin Luther1483–1546 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Religious Figures1.6 - 54
Karl Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg1668–1721 · 18th century · Historical Figures1.6 - 55
Charles Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen1712–1743 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.6
- 56
Carl Friedrich I, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach1783–1853 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.6 - 57
Heinrich Heine1797–1856 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers1.6
- 58
Frederick III of Legnica1520–1570 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.5 - 59
Frederick III, Margrave of Baden1327–1353 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models1.5 - 60
Friedrich III, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth1711–1763 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models1.5 - 61
Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg1699–1772 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.5
- 62
Frederick III of the Palatinate1515–1576 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models1.5 - 63
Frederick III, Burgrave of Nuremberg1220–1297 · 13th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.5 - 64
Frederick III, Prince of Salm-Kyrburg1744–1794 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.5 - 65
Frederick III, German Emperor1831–1888 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians1.5 - 66
Frederick III, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp1597–1659 · 17th century · Historical Figures1.5 - 67
Frederick III, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg1673–1746 · 18th century · Politicians1.5 - 68
Charles Augustus, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach1757–1828 · 18th century · Politicians1.5 - 69
Karl Kraus1874–1936 · 20th century · 🇦🇹 Austria · Writers1.5 - 70
Walter Ulbricht1893–1973 · 20th century · Politicians1.4 - 71
Hans Sachs1494–1576 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers1.4 - 72
William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel1532–1592 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Scientists1.4 - 73
Gottfried Keller1819–1890 · 19th century · 🇨🇭 Switzerland · Writers1.4 - 74
Rosa Luxemburg1871–1919 · 20th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Activists1.4 - 75
Gerhart Hauptmann1862–1946 · 19th century · Writers1.4 - 76
Gustav Adolph, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow1633–1695 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers1.3 - 77
Frederick I1425–1476 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians1.3 - 78
Frederick I of Prussia1657–1713 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians1.3 - 79
Frederick I, Count Palatine of Simmern1417–1480 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.3 - 80
Frederick I of Liegnitz1446–1488 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.3
- 81
Duke Friedrich I, Duke of Anhalt1831–1904 · 19th century · Historical Figures1.3 - 82
Frederick I of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg1646–1691 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.3 - 83
Frederick I, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg1585–1638 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.3 - 84
Frederick I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel1357–1400 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.3 - 85
Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg1371–1440 · 15th century1.3 - 86
Friedrich I, Grand Duke of Baden1826–1907 · 19th century · Historical Figures1.3
- 87
Tannhäuser1300–1300 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers1.3 - 88
Henry II, Landgrave of Hesse1299–1376 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.3 - 89HIHenry II, Margrave of Meissen1103–1123 · 12th century · Models1.3
- 90
Henry II, Duke of Bavaria951–995 · 10th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.3 - 91HIHenry II, Lord of Mecklenburg1262–1329 · 13th century · Historical Figures1.3
- 92HIHenry II of Augsburg1001–1063 · 11th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Religious Figures1.3
- 93HIHenry II, Count of Gorizia1150–1150 · 12th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.3
- 94
Henry II, Count of Reuss-Gera1572–1635 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.3 - 95
Henry V, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg1489–1568 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.3 - 96HIHenry II, Duke of Limburg1110–1167 · 12th century · Historical Figures1.3
- 97
Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor1316–1378 · 14th century · Historical Figures1.3 - 98
Augustus William, Duke of Brunswick-Bevern1715–1781 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.2 - 99
Augustus William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg1662–1731 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.2 - 100
William III1425–1482 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.2
Lived then
The most notable people whose working lives fell in the 20th century, ranked where Wikipedia coverage and readership agree.
#PersonIn print, 1800–2019Echoed
- 1
Federico Fellini1920–1993 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directors8 decades - 2
Sergio Leone1929–1989 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directors6 decades - 3
Bernardo Bertolucci1941–2018 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directors6 decades - 4
Vittorio De Sica1901–1974 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directors9 decades - 5
Michelangelo Antonioni1912–2007 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directors8 decades - 6
Luchino Visconti1906–1976 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directors12 decades - 7
Roberto Rossellini1906–1977 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directors8 decades - 8
Frank Capra1897–1991 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directors9 decades - 9
Dario Argentoborn 1940 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directors5 decades - 10
Tinto Brassborn 1933 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 11
Carlo Ponti1912–2007 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directors7 decades - 12
Giuseppe Tornatoreborn 1956 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directors4 decades - 13
Franco Zeffirelli1923–2019 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directors7 decades - 14
Dino De Laurentiis1919–2010 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 15
Mario Monicelli1915–2010 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 16
Marco Bellocchioborn 1939 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 17
Lucio Fulci1927–1996 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 18
Sergio Castellittoborn 1953 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 19
Ferzan Özpetekborn 1959 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 20
Luigi Comencini1916–2007 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 21
Mario Bava1914–1980 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 22
Dino Risi1916–2008 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 23
Sergio Corbucci1927–1990 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 24
Elio Petri1929–1982 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 25
Joe D'Amato1936–1999 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 26
Francesco Rosi1922–2015 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 27
Ruggero Deodato1939–2022 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured—
- 28
Pupi Avatiborn 1938 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 29
Gillo Pontecorvo1919–2006 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 30
Liliana Cavaniborn 1933 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 31
Cristina Comenciniborn 1956 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 32
Ermanno Olmi1931–2018 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 33
Paolo Virzìborn 1964 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured—
- 34
Gianni Amelioborn 1945 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 35
Gabriele Salvatoresborn 1950 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured—
- 36
Aurelio De Laurentiisborn 1949 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 37
Giorgio Strehler1921–1997 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 38
Luis Trenker1892–1990 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured—
- 39
Sergio Martinoborn 1938 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 40
Umberto Lenzi1931–2017 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 41
Nanni Loy1925–1995 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 42
Pasquale Squitieri1938–2017 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 43
Uberto Pasoliniborn 1957 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured—
- 44
Francesca Comenciniborn 1961 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 45
Steno1917–1988 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 46
Mario Soldati1906–1999 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 47
Carlo Vanzina1951–2018 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 48
Franco Cristaldi1924–1992 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 49
Enrico Maria Salerno1926–1994 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 50
Valerio Zurlini1926–1982 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 51
Francesca Archibugiborn 1960 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 52
Vittorio Mussolini1916–1997 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 53
Alberto Lattuada1914–2005 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 54
Carlo Lizzani1922–2013 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 55
Maurizio Nichettiborn 1948 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 56
Enzo G. Castellariborn 1938 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 57
Mauro Bolognini1922–2001 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 58
Luciano Salce1922–1989 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 59
Giorgio Albertazzi1923–2016 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 60
Giuliano Montaldo1930–2023 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 61
Mario Martoneborn 1959 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 62
Alessandro Blasetti1900–1987 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 63
Bruno Bozzettoborn 1938 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 64
Marco Tullio Giordanaborn 1950 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 65
Giuseppe De Santis1917–1997 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 66
Luigi Zampa1905–1991 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 67
Sergio Rubiniborn 1959 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 68
Enzo Barboni1922–2002 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 69
Silvio Soldiniborn 1958 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 70
Lamberto Bavaborn 1944 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 71
Gianfranco Rosiborn 1964 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured—
- 72
Antonio Pietrangeli1919–1968 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 73
Mario Cecchi Gori1920–1993 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 74
Pasquale Festa Campanile1927–1986 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 75
Mario Camerini1895–1981 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 76
Saro Urzì1913–1979 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 77
Salvatore Samperi1944–2009 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 78
Sergio Fantoni1930–2020 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 79
Eugenio Barbaborn 1936 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 80
Simona Izzoborn 1953 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 81
Osvaldo Cavandoli1920–2007 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 82
Antonio Margheriti1930–2002 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 83
Giovanni Pastrone1883–1959 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 84
Alberto Grimaldi1925–2021 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 85
Fernando Di Leo1932–2003 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 86
Tonino Cervi1929–2002 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 87
Franco Amurriborn 1958 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 88
Gualtiero Jacopetti1919–2011 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 89
Florestano Vancini1926–2008 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 90
Mario Mattoli1898–1980 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 91
Carmine Gallone1885–1973 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 92
Riccardo Freda1909–1999 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 93
Peter Del Monte1943–2021 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 94
Bruno Mattei1931–2007 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 95FRFranco Rossi1919–2000 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured—
- 96
Michele Soaviborn 1957 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured—
- 97
Tonino Valerii1934–2016 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 98
Francesco Maselli1930–2023 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 99
Renato Castellani1913–1985 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured— - 100
Marco Bechisborn 1955 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Directorsnot measured—
How this is measured
- Placing people in time. Each person belongs to the century in which they were most active — around age 35, and never after their death.
- Who ranks highest. Within a century, people are ranked where two independent signals agree: how many of the world’s Wikipedia language editions cover them, and how many people actually read about them. Article counts alone can be lifted by a person’s own circle; readers cannot.
- Fame in print. The curves count how often a name appears in Google Books from 1800 to 2019, as a share of all the words printed each year, in the person’s own language wherever that corpus exists. Those decades are over, so each measurement is made once and kept.
- What is left out. A lifetime is measured only from 1820, when there is enough print to judge; the five years after a death are skipped as obituaries; and a name shared with someone equally notable is credited to neither.