1800–1899
The 19th century
Whose names filled the books of the 19th century — anyone at all, however long dead — counted as mentions per million words printed, so a period that simply published more does not inflate anyone.
Talked about then
Whose names appeared most in Chinese books during the 19th century — whenever they lived.
In books written inEnglish18,114German3,599French3,347Italian1,787Spanish1,162Russian325Hebrew105Chinese9
#PersonIn print, 1800–2019Per million words
- 1
Zhu Xi1130–1200 · 12th century · 🇨🇳 China · Writers870 - 2
Li Hongzhang1823–1901 · 19th century · 🇨🇳 China · Politicians149 - 3
Zhang Zhidong1837–1909 · 19th century · Politicians86 - 4
Zuo Zongtang1812–1885 · 19th century · 🇨🇳 China · Politicians43 - 5
Ban Gu32–92 · 1st century · Writers40 - 6
Ge Hong284–364 · 4th century · Academics40 - 7CSChen Shou233–297 · 3rd century · Writers14
- 8
Mao Zedong1893–1976 · 20th century · 🇨🇳 China · Politicians12 - 9
Lu Xun1881–1936 · 20th century · 🇨🇳 China · Writers11
Lived then
The most notable people whose working lives fell in the 19th century, ranked where Wikipedia coverage and readership agree.
#PersonIn print, 1800–2019Echoed
- 1
Abdul Hamid II1842–1918 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Historical Figures13 decades - 2
Mehmed VI1861–1926 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Historical Figures0 decades - 3
Muhammad Ali of Egypt1769–1849 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politicians0 decades - 4
Mahmud II1785–1839 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Historical Figures14 decades - 5
Mehmed V1844–1918 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writers0 decades - 6
Abdulmejid I1823–1861 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Models0 decades - 7
Abdülaziz1830–1876 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Musiciansnot measured— - 8
Murad V1840–1904 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Models0 decades - 9
Constantine P. Cavafy1863–1933 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writersnot measured— - 10
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Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca1853–1931 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politicians0 decades - 11
Isma'il Pasha1831–1895 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politicians15 decades - 12
Muhammad Abduh1849–1905 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Academics5 decades - 13
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Mustafa IV1779–1808 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Models0 decades - 14
Nâmık Kemâl1840–1888 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writersnot measured— - 15
Vasil Levski1837–1873 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Activists0 decades - 16
Karađorđe1768–1817 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Activists0 decades - 17
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Hussein Kamel of Egypt1853–1917 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politiciansnot measured— - 18
Vuk Karadžić1787–1864 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Academics0 decades - 19
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Fatma Aliye Topuz1862–1936 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writersnot measured— - 20
Hristo Botev1848–1876 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writers0 decades - 21
Midhat Pasha1822–1883 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politicians15 decades - 22
Osman Hamdi Bey1842–1910 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politicians0 decades - 23
Ahmet Tevfik Okday1845–1936 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politiciansnot measured— - 24
Laskarina Bouboulina1771–1825 · 🇹🇷 Turkey0 decades - 25
Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz1843–1916 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writers3 decades - 26
Osman Nuri Pasha1832–1900 · 🇹🇷 Turkey0 decades - 27
Ismail Kemal1844–1919 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politiciansnot measured— - 28
Miloš Obrenović I1780–1860 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Activistsnot measured— - 29
Mahmud Shevket Pasha1856–1913 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politicians0 decades - 30
Józef Bem1794–1850 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Scientists0 decades - 31
Ahmet İzzet Furgaç1864–1937 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politiciansnot measured— - 32
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Sami Frashëri1850–1904 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writers3 decades - 33
Damat Ferid Paşa1853–1923 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politiciansnot measured— - 34
Omer Lutfi Pasha1806–1871 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writersnot measured— - 35
Nectarius of Aegina1846–1920 · 🇹🇷 Turkeynot measured— - 36
Said Halim Pasha1864–1921 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politicians0 decades - 37
Naim Frashëri1846–1900 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writers0 decades - 38MIMuhammad ibn Thani1788–1878 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politiciansnot measured—
- 39
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Mustafa Reşid Paşa1800–1858 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politicians0 decades - 40PSPertevniyal Sultan1812–1883 · 🇹🇷 Turkey0 decades
- 41
Ahmet Cevdet Pasha1822–1895 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politicians0 decades - 42
Abdülhak Hâmit Tarhan1852–1937 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writersnot measured— - 43
Ahmed Muhtar Pasha1832–1919 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politicians0 decades - 44
Alexandros Mavrokordatos1791–1865 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politicians0 decades - 45
Mubarak Al-Sabah1844–1915 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politiciansnot measured— - 46
Emin Paşa1840–1892 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Historical Figuresnot measured— - 47
Bezmiâlem Sultan1807–1853 · 🇹🇷 Turkeynot measured— - 48
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Essad Toptani1863–1920 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politicians0 decades - 49
Abdallahi ibn Muhammad1846–1899 · 🇹🇷 Turkey0 decades - 50
Kıbrıslı Kamil Paşa1832–1913 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politiciansnot measured— - 51
Mehmed Emin Âli Paşa1815–1871 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writersnot measured— - 52
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Jurji Zaydan1861–1914 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writers0 decades - 53
Ali Rıza Efendi1839–1888 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politiciansnot measured— - 54
Qasim Amin1863–1908 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writers0 decades - 55
Mariam Baouardy1846–1878 · 🇹🇷 Turkey0 decades - 56
Sheikh Said1864–1925 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politiciansnot measured— - 57
Boutros Ghali1846–1910 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writers3 decades - 58
Nubar Pasha1825–1899 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writers10 decades - 59
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Isa Boletini1864–1916 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politicians0 decades - 60
Zübeyde Hanım1857–1923 · 🇹🇷 Turkeynot measured— - 61
Rahime Perestu Sultan1826–1904 · 🇹🇷 Turkeynot measured— - 62
İbrahim Şinasi1826–1871 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writersnot measured— - 63
Ahmed Vefik Pasha1823–1891 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politicians0 decades - 64
Hussein Dey1773–1838 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politiciansnot measured— - 65
Şevkefza Sultan1820–1889 · 🇹🇷 Turkeynot measured— - 66
Mehmed Said Paşa1830–1914 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politiciansnot measured— - 67
Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha1855–1922 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writersnot measured— - 68
Ahmet Mithat Efendi1844–1912 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writers0 decades - 69
Mehmed Fuad Paşa1814–1869 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politiciansnot measured— - 70
Şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin1857–1916 · 🇹🇷 Turkeynot measured— - 71
Athanasios Diakos1788–1821 · 🇹🇷 Turkeynot measured— - 72
Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi1855–1902 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Actorsnot measured— - 73
Hormuzd Rassam1826–1910 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Academicsnot measured— - 74TKTirimüjgan Kadın1819–1853 · 🇹🇷 Turkeynot measured—
- 75
Seyit Rıza1863–1937 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politiciansnot measured— - 76
Ziya Pasha1829–1880 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writersnot measured— - 77
Petros Mavromichalis1765–1848 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politicians0 decades - 78
Ioannis Kolettis1773–1847 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politicians0 decades - 79
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Soliman Pasha1788–1860 · 🇹🇷 Turkeynot measured— - 80
Nazim Pasha1848–1913 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politiciansnot measured— - 81
Bashir Shihab II1767–1850 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politiciansnot measured— - 82
Hussein Avni Pasha1819–1876 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politiciansnot measured— - 83
Georgios Kountouriotis1782–1858 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politicians0 decades - 84
Hurşid Ahmed Paşa1800–1822 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politiciansnot measured— - 85
Judah Alkalai1798–1878 · 🇹🇷 Turkeynot measured— - 86
Butrus al-Bustani1819–1883 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writers0 decades - 87
Yosef Hayyim1833–1909 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writersnot measured— - 88
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Nene Hatun1857–1955 · 🇹🇷 Turkeynot measured— - 89
Ali Rıza Paşa1860–1932 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politiciansnot measured— - 90
Ahmed Rıza1859–1930 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politiciansnot measured— - 91
Petar Bojović1858–1945 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writersnot measured— - 92
Abdyl Frashëri1839–1892 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writers0 decades - 93
Mah Şeref Han1805–1848 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writersnot measured— - 94
Hasan Tahsin Pasha1845–1918 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politiciansnot measured— - 95
Mohamed Sherif Pasha1826–1887 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writersnot measured— - 96
Bidar Kadın1855–1918 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Historical Figuresnot measured— - 97
Suleyman Husnu Pasha1838–1892 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writersnot measured— - 98
Ibrahim Edhem Pasha1818–1893 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writersnot measured— - 99
Reşid Mehmed Paşa1780–1836 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politiciansnot measured— - 100
Emmanuel Carasso1862–1934 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politiciansnot measured—
How this is measured
- Placing people in time. Each person belongs to the century in which they were most active — around age 35, and never after their death.
- Who ranks highest. Within a century, people are ranked where two independent signals agree: how many of the world’s Wikipedia language editions cover them, and how many people actually read about them. Article counts alone can be lifted by a person’s own circle; readers cannot.
- Fame in print. The curves count how often a name appears in Google Books from 1800 to 2019, as a share of all the words printed each year, in the person’s own language wherever that corpus exists. Those decades are over, so each measurement is made once and kept.
- What is left out. A lifetime is measured only from 1820, when there is enough print to judge; the five years after a death are skipped as obituaries; and a name shared with someone equally notable is credited to neither.