Mahmud II
30th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1808–1839)
- Fame63.6
- Momentum3.1
- Turkey rank#205
- Fame63.6
- Momentum3.1
- Turkey rank#205
- Historical Figures rank#222
- Wikipedia66.9K
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The Ottoman sultan who broke his own empire's spine to save it. In 1826, Mahmud II massacred the Janissaries — the elite military caste that had both protected and paralyzed the state for centuries — then built a modern army on the wreckage.
About
Mahmud took the throne in 1808 after a coup unseated his half-brother, inheriting an empire already shedding pieces: Bessarabia went to Russia by 1812, Greece broke free with European backing by 1832, Algeria fell to France from 1830. The hemorrhaging convinced him that reform couldn't wait for consensus. In 1826 he staged the Auspicious Incident, forcibly abolishing the Kapıkulu and executing many members, clearing the path for a modern military. With that army he recentralized power, forcing provincial strongmen to submit, overhauling the bureaucracy and foreign office, and in his final year…
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- WikidataHigh confidencewikidata · wikidata.org
- WikipediaHigh confidencewikipedia · en.wikipedia.org
- Pantheon 2.0High confidencedatabase · pantheon.world
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