Mahmud II
30th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1808-1839) · Turkey · Historical Figures · Lived 1785 to 1839 · aged 53
Mahmud II is read about 1,844 times a day, in 76 languages.
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Something wrong?The Ottoman sultan who broke his own empire's spine to save it. In 1826, Mahmud II massacred the Janissaries - the elite military caste that had both protected and paralyzed the state for centuries - then built a modern army on the wreckage.
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Mahmud II_p628_-_MAHMOUD_II._(1808-1839).jpg?width=1200)
SPRY(1895) p628 - MAHMOUD II. (1808-1839)
2021-03-07 acibadem 59_Ottoman_Turkey%2C_dated_25_July_1827.jpg?width=1200)
A firman of Mahmud II (r. 1808-39) Ottoman Turkey, dated 25 July 1827
Ali Pascha von Janina - Sultan Mahmud II - Johann Nepomuk Geiger
An important letter from Sultan Mahmud II to Prince 'Abbas Mirza, Constantinople, Ottoman Turkey, dated 1817-18
Arbre généalogique des trente premiers sultans ottomans - Musée du Louvre Arts de l'Islam MAO 2315las_-_Sultan_Mahmud_II_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg?width=1200)
Athanasios Karantz(ou)las - Sultan Mahmud II - Google Art ProjectFamily
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Mahmud took the throne in 1808 after a coup unseated his half-brother, inheriting an empire already shedding pieces: Bessarabia went to Russia by 1812, Greece broke free with European backing by 1832, Algeria fell to France from 1830. The hemorrhaging convinced him that reform couldn't wait for consensus. In 1826 he staged the Auspicious Incident, forcibly abolishing the Kapıkulu and executing many members, clearing the path for a modern military. With that army he recentralized power, forcing provincial strongmen to submit, overhauling the bureaucracy and foreign office, and in his final years establishing a Supreme Council of Judicial Ordinances and a Council of Ministers. Tuberculosis killed him in 1839, but his son Abdülmecid inherited the blueprint.
Historical Figures from Turkey 6
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