31th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1839–1861)
He took the throne at sixteen and immediately announced the most ambitious reform program the Ottoman Empire had ever seen — a sweeping attempt to modernize the state and bind its fracturing nationalities together through law rather than tradition. It didn't work, but the effort reordered an empire.
Abdulmejid became the 31st sultan on 2 July 1839, succeeding his father Mahmud II, and on his first day issued the Tanzimat Edict — drafted by his Foreign Minister Mustafa Reshid Pasha — launching the Tanzimat era of reorganization. His approach was mild-mannered, giving the Sublime Porte room to pursue reform projects aimed at integrating non-Muslims and non-Turks more fully into Ottoman society and encouraging Ottomanism to counter rising nationalist movements. He forged alliances with the United Kingdom and France, who fought beside the Ottomans in the Crimean War against Russia, and at the…
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