35th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1909–1918)
He declared jihad against the Allies in 1914 and presided over the Armenian genocide, but held almost no real power — a constitutional sultan whose ministers ignored both him and the constitution while the empire collapsed around them.
Mehmed V Reşâd, son of Sultan Abdülmecid I, came to the throne in 1909 after his half-brother Abdul Hamid II was deposed following a failed coup. His nine years as sultan saw three more coups, four wars, and eleven governments while the Committee of Union and Progress and the Three Pashas tightened their grip. The Italo-Turkish War cost the empire its North African territories and the Dodecanese; the First Balkan War stripped away nearly all European land west of Constantinople. The Ottomans entered World War I in November 1914, and though Mehmed declared jihad, his ministers showed little reg…
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