Claim profile
1800–1899

The 19th century

Whose names filled the books of the 19th century — anyone at all, however long dead — counted as mentions per million words printed, so a period that simply published more does not inflate anyone.

Talked about then

Whose names appeared most in Hebrew books during the 19th century — whenever they lived.

In books written inEnglish18,114German3,599French3,347Italian1,787Spanish1,162Russian325Hebrew105Chinese9
  1. 1Rav AshiRav Ashi352–427 · 4th century13
  2. 2HaggaiHaggaiborn 550 BC · 1st millennium BC · Religious Figures12
  3. 3SBSimeon ben Gamliel IIborn 100 · 2nd century12
  4. 4NTNathan the Babylonianborn 101 · 2nd century11
  5. 5HabakkukHabakkuk626 BC–600 BC · 1st millennium BC · Religious Figures7.3
  6. 6Johanan ben ZakaiJohanan ben Zakai50 BC–70 · 1st millennium BC4.8
  7. 7Saadia GaonSaadia Gaon882–942 · 10th century · Academics3.7
  8. 8SBSimeon ben Zomadied 200 · 2nd century3.4
  9. 9Hai GaonHai Gaon939–1038 · 10th century · Writers2.9
  10. 10Hillel the ElderHillel the Elder50 BC–100 · 1st millennium BC2.9
  11. 11Sabbatai ZeviSabbatai Zevi1626–1676 · 17th century · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Religious Figures2.3
  12. 12Ahad Ha'amAhad Ha'am1856–1927 · 19th century · Writers2.2
  13. 13SISamuel ibn Naghrillah993–1055 · 11th century · Writers2.1
  14. 14Isaac AbrabanelIsaac Abrabanel1437–1508 · 15th century · Academics1.6
  15. 15JBJudah ben Samuel of Regensburg1150–1217 · 12th century · Academics1.5
  16. 16Judas MaccabeusJudas Maccabeus500 BC–160 BC · 1st millennium BC · Religious Figures1.3
  17. 17HBHanina ben Dosa40–75 · 1st century1.3
  18. 18Menasseh Ben IsraelMenasseh Ben Israel1604–1657 · 17th century · Academics1.2
  19. 19JKJoseph Kimhi1105–1170 · 12th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.0
  20. 20YYanaiborn 600 · 7th century · Writers0.99
  21. 21EBEliezer ben Hurcanus100–200 · 2nd century0.89
  22. 22Rabbeinu TamRabbeinu Tam1100–1171 · 12th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.83
  23. 23JosephusJosephus37–100 · 1st century · Writers0.74
  24. 24Amram GaonAmram Gaon810–875 · 9th century0.67
  25. 25Chaim Joseph David AzulaiChaim Joseph David Azulai1724–1806 · 18th century · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Historical Figures0.66
  26. 26EBEleazar ben Arach100–200 · 2nd century0.65
  27. 27Azariah dei RossiAzariah dei Rossi1513–1578 · 16th century · Writers0.64
  28. 28ZHZerachiah haLevi of Girona1130–1186 · 12th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.63
  29. 29Abraham bar HiyyaAbraham bar Hiyya1070–1136 · 12th century · Academics0.61
  30. 30Hasdai CrescasHasdai Crescas1340–1410 · 14th century · Academics0.59
  31. 31Joseph AlboJoseph Albo1380–1444 · 15th century · Academics0.58
  32. 32MKMoses Kimhi1127–1190 · 12th century · 🇫🇷 France0.56
  33. 33Dunash ben LabratDunash ben Labrat920–990 · 10th century · Writers0.53
  34. 34JCJoseph Caspi1280–1345 · 14th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.50
  35. 35Hayyim ben Joseph VitalHayyim ben Joseph Vital1542–1620 · 16th century · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Musicians0.50
  36. 36MYMordecai Yoffe1530–1612 · 16th century0.49
  37. 37Yehuda AlhariziYehuda Alharizi1165–1225 · 13th century · Writers0.47
  38. 38Shabbethai DonnoloShabbethai Donnoloborn 913 · 10th century · Scientists0.47
  39. 39Jacob EmdenJacob Emden1697–1776 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany0.37
  40. 40Eleazar ben KillirEleazar ben Killir600–700 · 7th century · Writers0.36
  41. 41Jonathan EybeschutzJonathan Eybeschutz1690–1764 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany0.35
  42. 42JBJedaiah ben Abraham Bedersi1270–1340 · 14th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.30
  43. 43Nathan of GazaNathan of Gaza1644–1680 · 17th century · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writers0.29
  44. 44Isaac the BlindIsaac the Blind1160–1235 · 12th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.26
  45. 45Moshe AlshichMoshe Alshich1508–1593 · 16th century · 🇹🇷 Turkey0.26
  46. 46Yonah GerondiYonah Gerondi1210–1263 · 13th century · Academics0.26
  47. 47Solomon MolchoSolomon Molcho1500–1532 · 16th century · Academics0.25
  48. 48Immanuel the RomanImmanuel the Roman1260–1328 · 13th century · Writers0.25
  49. 49PDProfiat Duran1350–1415 · 14th century · Musicians0.23
  50. 50IBIsaac ben Moses Arama1420–1494 · 15th century0.22
  51. 51MBMenahem ben Aaron ibn Zerah1310–1385 · 14th century · Writers0.22
  52. 52OBObadiah ben Jacob Sforno1470–1549 · 16th century · Doctors0.22
  53. 53Joel SirkisJoel Sirkis1561–1640 · 16th century0.21
  54. 54Abraham ben Mordecai FarissolAbraham ben Mordecai Farissol1451–1525 · 15th century · Musicians0.20
  55. 55Paul the ApostlePaul the Apostle5–66 · 1st century · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writers0.19
  56. 56RRashbam1080–1158 · 12th century0.18
  57. 57Moses SoferMoses Sofer1762–1839 · 18th century0.17
  58. 58Shlomo Halevi AlkabetzShlomo Halevi Alkabetz1505–1576 · 16th century · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writers0.17
  59. 59Shimon bar YochaiShimon bar Yochai100–160 · 2nd century0.16
  60. 60Baruch SpinozaBaruch Spinoza1632–1677 · 17th century · 🇳🇱 Netherlands · Academics0.15
  61. 61Onias IIIOnias III300 BC–170 BC · 1st millennium BC0.14
  62. 62JIJacob ibn Habib1450–1516 · 15th century0.14
  63. 63Menaḥem ben Shelomoh MeʾiriMenaḥem ben Shelomoh Meʾiri1249–1306 · 13th century · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians0.14
  64. 64Moses ben JoshuaMoses ben Joshua1300–1362 · 14th century · Academics0.13
  65. 65Chaim ibn AttarChaim ibn Attar1696–1743 · 18th century0.12
  66. 66JNJoseph Nasi1524–1579 · 16th century · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writers0.11
  67. 67Baal Shem TovBaal Shem Tov1698–1760 · 18th century0.11
  68. 68SOShemariah of Negropont1275–1352 · 14th century · Academics0.11
  69. 69BBBahya ben Asher1255–1340 · 13th century · Writers0.11
  70. 70ABAbraham ben Samuel ibn Hasdai ha-Levi1180–1240 · 13th century · Writers0.10
  71. 71TBTobiah ben Eliezer1080–1150 · 12th century · Actors0.10
  72. 72IAIsaac Albalag1300–1300 · 14th century · Academics0.09
  73. 73Joseph ibn TzaddikJoseph ibn Tzaddik1075–1149 · 12th century · Academics0.09
  74. 74Moses ben Jacob CordoveroMoses ben Jacob Cordovero1522–1570 · 16th century · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Actors0.08
  75. 75Eliezer ben NathanEliezer ben Nathan1090–1170 · 12th century · Writers0.08
  76. 76Herod ArchelausHerod Archelaus23 BC–18 · 1st century · Models0.07
  77. 77ADAbraham de Balmes1440–1523 · 15th century · Doctors0.07
  78. 78Mendele Mocher SforimMendele Mocher Sforim1835–1917 · 19th century · Writers0.07
  79. 79IIIsaac ibn Ezra1114–1158 · 12th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Writers0.06
  80. 80Jacob ben AsherJacob ben Asher1269–1343 · 14th century · Writers0.05
  81. 81Tzvi AshkenaziTzvi Ashkenazi1660–1718 · 17th century0.05
  82. 82Ben SiraBen Sira300 BC–150 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers0.05
  83. 83CBChananel ben Chushiel990–1053 · 11th century · Actors0.05
  84. 84Shneur Zalman of LiadiShneur Zalman of Liadi1745–1812 · 18th century · Academics0.05
  85. 85Benjamin of TudelaBenjamin of Tudela1130–1174 · 12th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Historical Figures0.04
  86. 86LBLevi ben Abraham ben Hayyimborn 1245 · 13th century · Writers0.04
  87. 87Joseph ben Judah ibn AkninJoseph ben Judah ibn Aknin1150–1266 · 12th century · Academics0.03
  88. 88Daniel BombergDaniel Bomberg1483–1549 · 16th century0.03
  89. 89BHBerechiah ha-Nakdan1200–1300 · 13th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.03
  90. 90Shalom ShabaziShalom Shabazi1619–1719 · 17th century · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writers0.03
  91. 91NBNissim ben Jacob990–1062 · 11th century · Writers0.03
  92. 92YBYefet ben Ali950–1010 · 10th century · Actors0.03
  93. 93IBIsrael ben Moses Najara1555–1628 · 16th century · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writers0.03
  94. 94Menahem RecanatiMenahem Recanati1250–1310 · 13th century · Musicians0.03
  95. 95Elia del MedigoElia del Medigo1458–1497 · 15th century · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Academics0.03
  96. 96ISIbn Shaprutborn 1400 · 15th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Actors0.03
  97. 97Judah ben David HayyujJudah ben David Hayyuj945–1000 · 10th century · Writers0.02
  98. 98IBIsaac ben Moses of Vienna1180–1250 · 13th century · Writers0.02
  99. 99Ishtori HaparchiIshtori Haparchi1280–1337 · 14th century · Scientists0.02
  100. 100Nachman of BreslovNachman of Breslov1772–1810 · 19th century0.02

Lived then

The most notable people whose working lives fell in the 19th century, ranked where Wikipedia coverage and readership agree.

CountryAll🇺🇸 United States🇫🇷 France🇩🇪 Germany🇬🇧 United Kingdom🇮🇹 Italy🇪🇸 Spain🇯🇵 Japan🇦🇹 Austria🇹🇷 Turkey🇸🇪 Sweden
FieldAllPoliticiansWritersHistorical FiguresScientistsAcademicsArtistsMusiciansDoctorsFoundersJournalists
  1. 1Napoleon IIINapoleon III1808–1873 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians21 decades
  2. 2Giuseppe GaribaldiGiuseppe Garibaldi1807–1882 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians11 decades
  3. 3Philippe PétainPhilippe Pétain1856–1951 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians8 decades
  4. 4Georges ClemenceauGeorges Clemenceau1841–1929 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians13 decades
  5. 5Jean JaurèsJean Jaurès1859–1914 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians13 decades
  6. 6Adolphe ThiersAdolphe Thiers1797–1877 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians15 decades
  7. 7Pierre-Joseph ProudhonPierre-Joseph Proudhon1809–1865 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians8 decades
  8. 8Joachim MuratJoachim Murat1767–1815 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians21 decades
  9. 9Raymond PoincaréRaymond Poincaré1860–1934 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians13 decades
  10. 10Patrice de MacMahonPatrice de MacMahon1808–1893 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  11. 11Aristide BriandAristide Briand1862–1932 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians12 decades
  12. 12Joseph BonaparteJoseph Bonaparte1768–1844 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians22 decades
  13. 13Louis BonaparteLouis Bonaparte1778–1846 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians22 decades
  14. 14Georges-Eugène HaussmannGeorges-Eugène Haussmann1809–1891 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  15. 15Sadi CarnotSadi Carnot1837–1894 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians16 decades
  16. 16Félix FaureFélix Faure1841–1899 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians18 decades
  17. 17Michel NeyMichel Ney1769–1815 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians18 decades
  18. 18Paul DoumerPaul Doumer1857–1932 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians13 decades
  19. 19Claude BernardClaude Bernard1813–1878 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians21 decades
  20. 20Léon GambettaLéon Gambetta1838–1882 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians15 decades
  21. 21Alexandre MillerandAlexandre Millerand1859–1943 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians11 decades
  22. 22Paul DeschanelPaul Deschanel1855–1922 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians14 decades
  23. 23Ferdinand de LessepsFerdinand de Lesseps1805–1894 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians18 decades
  24. 24Gaston DoumergueGaston Doumergue1863–1937 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians13 decades
  25. 25Jules GrévyJules Grévy1807–1891 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians15 decades
  26. 26Armand FallièresArmand Fallières1841–1931 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians12 decades
  27. 27Arthur de GobineauArthur de Gobineau1816–1882 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians12 decades
  28. 28Louis Antoine, Duke of AngoulêmeLouis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême1775–1844 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians2 decades
  29. 29Émile LoubetÉmile Loubet1838–1929 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians11 decades
  30. 30Jérôme BonaparteJérôme Bonaparte1784–1860 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians22 decades
  31. 31Jules FerryJules Ferry1832–1893 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians16 decades
  32. 32Henri, Count of ChambordHenri, Count of Chambord1820–1883 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  33. 33Eugène de BeauharnaisEugène de Beauharnais1781–1824 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians21 decades
  34. 34Louis-Nicolas DavoutLouis-Nicolas Davout1770–1823 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  35. 35Lucien BonaparteLucien Bonaparte1775–1840 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians22 decades
  36. 36Jean-de-Dieu SoultJean-de-Dieu Soult1769–1851 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  37. 37Napoléon, Prince ImperialNapoléon, Prince Imperial1856–1879 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians17 decades
  38. 38Jean Casimir-PerierJean Casimir-Perier1847–1907 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  39. 39Pauline BonapartePauline Bonaparte1780–1825 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians20 decades
  40. 40Charles Lucien BonaparteCharles Lucien Bonaparte1803–1857 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  41. 41Albert I, Prince of MonacoAlbert I, Prince of Monaco1848–1922 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians18 decades
  42. 42Maria Amalia of Naples and SicilyMaria Amalia of Naples and Sicily1782–1866 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  43. 43Georges Ernest BoulangerGeorges Ernest Boulanger1837–1891 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  44. 44Auguste de MarmontAuguste de Marmont1774–1852 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  45. 45Prince Philippe, Count of ParisPrince Philippe, Count of Paris1838–1894 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians19 decades
  46. 46Elisa BonaparteElisa Bonaparte1777–1820 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians4 decades
  47. 47Charles Ferdinand, Duke of BerryCharles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry1778–1820 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1 decades
  48. 48Prince Napoléon-Jérôme, Prince NapoléonPrince Napoléon-Jérôme, Prince Napoléon1822–1891 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  49. 49Léon BourgeoisLéon Bourgeois1851–1925 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians14 decades
  50. 50Nicolas OudinotNicolas Oudinot1767–1847 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  51. 51Emmanuel de Grouchy, Marquis de GrouchyEmmanuel de Grouchy, Marquis de Grouchy1766–1847 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  52. 52Jacques MacDonaldJacques MacDonald1765–1840 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  53. 53Louis BarthouLouis Barthou1862–1934 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians13 decades
  54. 54Louis-Eugène CavaignacLouis-Eugène Cavaignac1802–1857 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians16 decades
  55. 55Georges PicquartGeorges Picquart1854–1914 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  56. 56Louis Jules TrochuLouis Jules Trochu1815–1896 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  57. 57Louis-Hubert LyauteyLouis-Hubert Lyautey1854–1934 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians7 decades
  58. 58François Achille BazaineFrançois Achille Bazaine1811–1888 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  59. 59Louis Antoine, Duke of EnghienLouis Antoine, Duke of Enghien1772–1804 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  60. 60Louis-Gabriel SuchetLouis-Gabriel Suchet1770–1826 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  61. 61Alexandre Colonna-WalewskiAlexandre Colonna-Walewski1810–1868 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  62. 62Charles III, Prince of MonacoCharles III, Prince of Monaco1818–1889 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  63. 63Joseph GallieniJoseph Gallieni1849–1916 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  64. 64Eugène PottierEugène Pottier1816–1887 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians12 decades
  65. 65Georges-Charles de Heeckeren d'AnthèsGeorges-Charles de Heeckeren d'Anthès1812–1895 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  66. 66Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, Duc de RichelieuArmand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu1766–1822 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  67. 67Jacques Charles Dupont de l'EureJacques Charles Dupont de l'Eure1767–1855 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  68. 68Pierre Waldeck-RousseauPierre Waldeck-Rousseau1846–1904 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians2 decades
  69. 69Étienne Geoffroy Saint-HilaireÉtienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire1772–1844 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians10 decades
  70. 70Victor, Prince NapoléonVictor, Prince Napoléon1862–1926 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians4 decades
  71. 71Thomas Robert BugeaudThomas Robert Bugeaud1784–1849 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  72. 72Victor SchoelcherVictor Schoelcher1804–1893 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians18 decades
  73. 73Austen Henry LayardAusten Henry Layard1817–1894 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians3 decades
  74. 74Prince Jules de Polignac, 3rd Duke of PolignacPrince Jules de Polignac, 3rd Duke of Polignac1780–1847 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians22 decades
  75. 75Édouard Mortier, Duke of TréviseÉdouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise1768–1835 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  76. 76Victor de BroglieVictor de Broglie1785–1870 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians22 decades
  77. 77François d'Orléans, Prince of JoinvilleFrançois d'Orléans, Prince of Joinville1818–1900 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians20 decades
  78. 78Jean Maximilien LamarqueJean Maximilien Lamarque1770–1832 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  79. 79Ferdinand BuissonFerdinand Buisson1841–1932 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians13 decades
  80. 80Henri d'Orléans, Duke of AumaleHenri d'Orléans, Duke of Aumale1822–1897 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians20 decades
  81. 81Joseph CaillauxJoseph Caillaux1863–1944 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians13 decades
  82. 82Jenny LonguetJenny Longuet1844–1883 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  83. 83Émile CombesÉmile Combes1835–1921 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians12 decades
  84. 84Étienne Maurice GérardÉtienne Maurice Gérard1773–1852 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  85. 85René VivianiRené Viviani1863–1925 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians13 decades
  86. 86Édouard René Lefèbvre de LaboulayeÉdouard René Lefèbvre de Laboulaye1811–1883 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  87. 87Émile OllivierÉmile Ollivier1825–1913 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians16 decades
  88. 88Albert, 4th duc de BroglieAlbert, 4th duc de Broglie1821–1901 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians18 decades
  89. 89Eliza LynchEliza Lynch1835–1886 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians7 decades
  90. 90Jacques LaffitteJacques Laffitte1767–1844 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians20 decades
  91. 91Charles de FreycinetCharles de Freycinet1828–1923 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians8 decades
  92. 92Georges CadoudalGeorges Cadoudal1771–1804 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  93. 93Pierre CambronnePierre Cambronne1770–1842 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  94. 94Zénaïde BonaparteZénaïde Bonaparte1801–1854 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  95. 95François Étienne de KellermannFrançois Étienne de Kellermann1770–1835 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0 decades
  96. 96Pierre Napoleon BonapartePierre Napoleon Bonaparte1815–1881 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  97. 97Casimir PerierCasimir Perier1777–1832 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians20 decades
  98. 98Dominique VandammeDominique Vandamme1770–1830 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—
  99. 99Maine de BiranMaine de Biran1766–1824 · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians22 decades
  100. 100Charles-Joseph-Eugene de MazenodCharles-Joseph-Eugene de Mazenod1782–1861 · 🇫🇷 France · Politiciansnot measured—

How this is measured

  • Placing people in time. Each person belongs to the century in which they were most active — around age 35, and never after their death.
  • Who ranks highest. Within a century, people are ranked where two independent signals agree: how many of the world’s Wikipedia language editions cover them, and how many people actually read about them. Article counts alone can be lifted by a person’s own circle; readers cannot.
  • Fame in print. The curves count how often a name appears in Google Books from 1800 to 2019, as a share of all the words printed each year, in the person’s own language wherever that corpus exists. Those decades are over, so each measurement is made once and kept.
  • What is left out. A lifetime is measured only from 1820, when there is enough print to judge; the five years after a death are skipped as obituaries; and a name shared with someone equally notable is credited to neither.