2nd century BCE Jewish priest and leader of Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucids
A Jewish priest who led a guerrilla war against the Seleucid Empire in the 160s BCE and reclaimed the Second Temple in Jerusalem — the victory that gave rise to Hanukkah.
Judas Maccabeus was the son of the priest Mattathias and became a kohen himself. Around 166 BCE he took command of the Maccabean Revolt from his father, directing Jewish resistance against Seleucid rule. In 164 BCE his forces retook the Second Temple in Jerusalem, where he purged the statues of Greek gods and goddesses and restored Jewish worship — the purification now commemorated each year during Hanukkah. He continued leading the revolt until his death in 160 BCE.
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