Claim profile
1800–1899

The 19th century

Whose names filled the books of the 19th century — anyone at all, however long dead — counted as mentions per million words printed, so a period that simply published more does not inflate anyone.

Talked about then

Whose names appeared most in English books during the 19th century — whenever they lived.

In books written inEnglish18,114German3,599French3,347Italian1,787Spanish1,162Russian325Hebrew105Chinese9
  1. 1JesusJesus5 BC–30 · 1st century · Religious Figures94
  2. 2HomerHomer900 BC–800 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers15
  3. 3CiceroCicero106 BC–43 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians13
  4. 4AugustusAugustus63 BC–14 · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians13
  5. 5PlatoPlato428 BC–348 BC · 1st millennium BC · Academics10
  6. 6VirgilVirgil70 BC–19 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers9.6
  7. 7AristotleAristotle384 BC–322 BC · 1st millennium BC · Academics9.4
  8. 8SocratesSocrates470 BC–399 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇧🇷 Brazil · Academics6.4
  9. 9HerodotusHerodotus484 BC–425 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writers6.2
  10. 10Charles II, Duke of SavoyCharles II, Duke of Savoy1489–1496 · 15th century · Historical Figures5.9
  11. 11Charles II, Duke of Münsterberg-OelsCharles II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels1545–1617 · 16th century · Historical Figures5.9
  12. 12Charles II, Lord of MonacoCharles II, Lord of Monaco1555–1589 · 16th century · Politicians5.9
  13. 13PlutarchPlutarch40–120 · 1st century · Academics5.6
  14. 14OvidOvid43 BC–17 · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers4.2
  15. 15StraboStrabo63 BC–23 · 1st millennium BC · Academics4.1
  16. 16CharlemagneCharlemagne748–814 · 8th century · Historical Figures3.9
  17. 17DemosthenesDemosthenes384 BC–322 BC · 1st millennium BC · Politicians3.8
  18. 18Lord ByronLord Byron1788–1824 · 19th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers3.6
  19. 19Henry IV, Duke of LimburgHenry IV, Duke of Limburg1195–1247 · 13th century · Historical Figures3.5
  20. 20HIHenry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg1463–1514 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany3.5
  21. 21Henry IV, Holy Roman EmperorHenry IV, Holy Roman Emperor1050–1106 · 11th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures3.5
  22. 22Henry IV, Count of LuxembourgHenry IV, Count of Luxembourg1113–1196 · 12th century · Politicians3.5
  23. 23Henry IV, Duke of BrabantHenry IV, Duke of Brabant1251–1272 · 13th century3.5
  24. 24HIHenry IV, Count of Waldeck1300–1348 · 14th century3.5
  25. 25LivyLivy59 BC–17 · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers3.4
  26. 26OrigenOrigen185–254 · 3rd century · 🇪🇬 Egypt · Academics3.1
  27. 27CleopatraCleopatra69 BC–30 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇪🇬 Egypt · Historical Figures3.0
  28. 28XenophonXenophon430 BC–354 BC · 1st millennium BC · Academics3.0
  29. 29Walter ScottWalter Scott1771–1832 · 19th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers3.0
  30. 30Henry III, Duke of GłogówHenry III, Duke of Głogów1251–1309 · 13th century · Politicians2.8
  31. 31Henry III, Count of GoriziaHenry III, Count of Gorizia1263–1323 · 13th century2.8
  32. 32Henry III, Holy Roman EmperorHenry III, Holy Roman Emperor1016–1056 · 11th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.8
  33. 33Henry III, Count of Schauenburg-HolsteinHenry III, Count of Schauenburg-Holstein1370–1421 · 15th century2.8
  34. 34Henry III, Duke of Münsterberg-OelsHenry III, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels1542–1587 · 16th century2.8
  35. 35Henry III, Margrave of Baden-HachbergHenry III, Margrave of Baden-Hachberg1300–1330 · 14th century · Models2.8
  36. 36Henry III, Count of LouvainHenry III, Count of Louvain1060–1095 · 11th century · Politicians2.8
  37. 37HIHenry III, Count of Luxembourg1070–1096 · 11th century · Historical Figures2.8
  38. 38TertullianTertullian160–240 · 2nd century · Academics2.7
  39. 39James II, Count of UrgellJames II, Count of Urgell1388–1433 · 15th century2.6
  40. 40Robert PeelRobert Peel1788–1850 · 19th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Politicians2.6
  41. 41Henry VII, Holy Roman EmperorHenry VII, Holy Roman Emperor1275–1313 · 14th century · 🇫🇷 France2.6
  42. 42PericlesPericles494 BC–429 BC · 1st millennium BC · Politicians2.5
  43. 43Henry VIHenry VI1376–1454 · 15th century2.5
  44. 44Henry VI, Count of LuxembourgHenry VI, Count of Luxembourg1240–1288 · 13th century · Politicians2.5
  45. 45HVHenry VI, Count of Waldeck1340–1397 · 14th century2.5
  46. 46John Russell, 1st Earl of BedfordJohn Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford1485–1555 · 16th century · Politicians2.4
  47. 47EuclidEuclid333 BC–285 BC · 1st millennium BC · Academics2.4
  48. 48John the BaptistJohn the Baptist6 BC–30 · 1st century · 🇮🇱 Israel · Religious Figures2.4
  49. 49Henry II, Holy Roman EmperorHenry II, Holy Roman Emperor973–1024 · 11th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.3
  50. 50Henry IIHenry II1207–1248 · 13th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians2.3
  51. 51Henry II, Duke of Münsterberg-OelsHenry II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels1507–1548 · 16th century2.3
  52. 52Henry II, Duke of ZiębiceHenry II, Duke of Ziębice1396–1420 · 15th century2.3
  53. 53Henry II, Duke of Brunswick-GrubenhagenHenry II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen1289–1351 · 14th century · Historical Figures2.3
  54. 54Henry II, Count of ChampagneHenry II, Count of Champagne1166–1197 · 12th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures2.3
  55. 55Henry II, Prince of Anhalt-AscherslebenHenry II, Prince of Anhalt-Aschersleben1215–1266 · 13th century · Historical Figures2.3
  56. 56Henry II, Count of Holstein-RendsburgHenry II, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg1317–1390 · 14th century2.3
  57. 57Henry II , Duke of Lower LorraineHenry II , Duke of Lower Lorraine1059–1119 · 11th century2.3
  58. 58Henry II, Duke of ŚwidnicaHenry II, Duke of Świdnica1312–1345 · 14th century2.3
  59. 59HIHenry II, Margrave of the Nordmark1102–1128 · 12th century2.3
  60. 60Henry II, Margrave of Brandenburg-StendalHenry II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal1308–1320 · 14th century · Models2.3
  61. 61OthoOtho32–69 · 1st century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians2.3
  62. 62TrajanTrajan53–117 · 1st century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians2.3
  63. 63BedeBede672–735 · 8th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers2.3
  64. 64SolonSolon630 BC–560 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers2.2
  65. 65EuripidesEuripides480 BC–406 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers2.2
  66. 66ThucydidesThucydides460 BC–395 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers2.1
  67. 67PythagorasPythagoras582 BC–490 BC · 1st millennium BC · Academics2.1
  68. 68PindarPindar517 BC–437 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers2.0
  69. 69Richard IIRichard II963–1026 · 10th century · 🇫🇷 France1.9
  70. 70Julius CaesarJulius Caesar100 BC–44 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians1.9
  71. 71SophoclesSophocles496 BC–406 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers1.9
  72. 72John SmithJohn Smith1580–1631 · 17th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Historical Figures1.8
  73. 73VespasianVespasian9–79 · 1st century · Politicians1.8
  74. 74AristophanesAristophanes445 BC–385 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers1.8
  75. 75William HenryWilliam Henry1774–1836 · 19th century · Scientists1.7
  76. 76Ben JonsonBen Jonson1572–1637 · 17th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers1.7
  77. 77Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great356 BC–323 BC · 1st millennium BC · Historical Figures1.7
  78. 78HippocratesHippocrates460 BC–370 BC · 1st millennium BC · Doctors1.7
  79. 79AlcibiadesAlcibiades450 BC–404 BC · 1st millennium BC · Politicians1.6
  80. 80AhabAhab918 BC–852 BC · 1st millennium BC · Models1.6
  81. 81Isaac NewtonIsaac Newton1642–1727 · 17th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Academics1.6
  82. 82WIWilliam III, Duke of Aquitaine910–963 · 10th century1.6
  83. 83WIWilliam III, Marquess of Montferrat970–1042 · 11th century · Historical Figures1.6
  84. 84WIWilliam III, Count of Burgundy1110–1127 · 12th century · Historical Figures1.6
  85. 85William III, Duke of BavariaWilliam III, Duke of Bavaria1375–1435 · 15th century · Historical Figures1.6
  86. 86William III, Count of ToulouseWilliam III, Count of Toulouse975–1037 · 11th century · Historical Figures1.6
  87. 87WIWilliam III, Count of Jülich1150–1218 · 12th century · Historical Figures1.6
  88. 88WIWilliam III, Count of Genevaborn 1280 · 14th century1.6
  89. 89John BullJohn Bull1562–1628 · 16th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Musicians1.6
  90. 90George II, Duke of Württemberg-MontbéliardGeorge II, Duke of Württemberg-Montbéliard1626–1699 · 17th century1.6
  91. 91George II, Duke of BriegGeorge II, Duke of Brieg1523–1586 · 16th century1.6
  92. 92George II, Duke of Münsterberg-OelsGeorge II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels1512–1553 · 16th century1.6
  93. 93PolybiusPolybius200 BC–120 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers1.5
  94. 94GalenGalen129–300 · 2nd century · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Doctors1.5
  95. 95HadrianHadrian76–138 · 2nd century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Historical Figures1.5
  96. 96LucretiusLucretius94 BC–55 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers1.5
  97. 97LucanLucan39–65 · 1st century · Writers1.4
  98. 98William JonesWilliam Jones1746–1794 · 18th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Academics1.4
  99. 99William the ConquerorWilliam the Conqueror1028–1087 · 11th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures1.4

Lived then

The most notable people whose working lives fell in the 19th century, ranked where Wikipedia coverage and readership agree.

CountryAll🇺🇸 United States🇫🇷 France🇩🇪 Germany🇬🇧 United Kingdom🇮🇹 Italy🇪🇸 Spain🇯🇵 Japan🇦🇹 Austria🇹🇷 Turkey🇸🇪 Sweden
FieldAllPoliticiansWritersHistorical FiguresScientistsAcademicsArtistsMusiciansDoctorsFoundersJournalists
  1. 1Robert KochRobert Koch1843–1910 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctors14 decades
  2. 2Ignaz SemmelweisIgnaz Semmelweis1818–1865 · Doctors6 decades
  3. 3L. L. ZamenhofL. L. Zamenhof1859–1917 · Doctorsnot measured—
  4. 4Paul EhrlichPaul Ehrlich1854–1915 · Doctors13 decades
  5. 5Rudolf VirchowRudolf Virchow1821–1902 · Doctors16 decades
  6. 6Cesare LombrosoCesare Lombroso1835–1909 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Doctors16 decades
  7. 7Jean-Martin CharcotJean-Martin Charcot1825–1893 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors4 decades
  8. 8Alois AlzheimerAlois Alzheimer1864–1915 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctors3 decades
  9. 9Joseph ListerJoseph Lister1827–1912 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Doctors18 decades
  10. 10Elizabeth BlackwellElizabeth Blackwell1821–1910 · 🇺🇸 United States · Doctors17 decades
  11. 11H. H. HolmesH. H. Holmes1861–1896 · 🇺🇸 United States · Doctors2 decades
  12. 12John SnowJohn Snow1813–1858 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Doctors21 decades
  13. 13Vladimir BekhterevVladimir Bekhterev1857–1927 · Doctors5 decades
  14. 14Emil von BehringEmil von Behring1854–1917 · Doctors11 decades
  15. 15William OslerWilliam Osler1849–1919 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Doctors14 decades
  16. 16Doc HollidayDoc Holliday1851–1887 · 🇺🇸 United States · Doctors8 decades
  17. 17Axel MuntheAxel Munthe1857–1949 · 🇸🇪 Sweden · Doctors2 decades
  18. 18John Langdon DownJohn Langdon Down1828–1896 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Doctors0 decades
  19. 19Eugen BleulerEugen Bleuler1857–1939 · 🇨🇭 Switzerland · Doctors10 decades
  20. 20Havelock EllisHavelock Ellis1859–1939 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Doctors14 decades
  21. 21John Harvey KelloggJohn Harvey Kellogg1852–1943 · 🇺🇸 United States · Doctors5 decades
  22. 22René LaennecRené Laennec1781–1826 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors0 decades
  23. 23Camillo GolgiCamillo Golgi1843–1926 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Doctors15 decades
  24. 24Aletta JacobsAletta Jacobs1854–1929 · 🇳🇱 Netherlands · Doctors0 decades
  25. 25William WalkerWilliam Walker1824–1860 · 🇺🇸 United States · Doctors20 decades
  26. 26Alexandre YersinAlexandre Yersin1863–1943 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors5 decades
  27. 27Ronald RossRonald Ross1857–1932 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Doctors13 decades
  28. 28James BarryJames Barry1789–1865 · Doctors22 decades
  29. 29Theodor SchwannTheodor Schwann1810–1882 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctors16 decades
  30. 30Richard von Krafft-EbingRichard von Krafft-Ebing1840–1902 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctors4 decades
  31. 31Mary Edwards WalkerMary Edwards Walker1832–1919 · 🇺🇸 United States · Doctors0 decades
  32. 32Max NordauMax Nordau1849–1923 · Doctors14 decades
  33. 33Elias LönnrotElias Lönnrot1802–1884 · 🇸🇪 Sweden · Doctors0 decades
  34. 34Wong Fei-hungWong Fei-hung1847–1925 · 🇨🇳 China · Doctorsnot measured—
  35. 35Paul BrocaPaul Broca1824–1880 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors15 decades
  36. 36Josef BreuerJosef Breuer1842–1925 · Doctors12 decades
  37. 37Gerhard Armauer HansenGerhard Armauer Hansen1841–1912 · 🇳🇴 Norway · Doctors0 decades
  38. 38Elizabeth Garrett AndersonElizabeth Garrett Anderson1836–1917 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Doctors7 decades
  39. 39James Curtis HepburnJames Curtis Hepburn1815–1911 · 🇺🇸 United States · Doctors0 decades
  40. 40Joseph BellJoseph Bell1837–1911 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Doctors19 decades
  41. 41Leonard WoodLeonard Wood1860–1927 · 🇺🇸 United States · Doctors13 decades
  42. 42William T. G. MortonWilliam T. G. Morton1819–1868 · 🇺🇸 United States · Doctors2 decades
  43. 43Kadambini GangulyKadambini Ganguly1862–1923 · Doctors0 decades
  44. 44Kusumoto IneKusumoto Ine1827–1903 · 🇯🇵 Japan · Doctorsnot measured—
  45. 45Charles RichetCharles Richet1850–1935 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors15 decades
  46. 46Aimé BonplandAimé Bonpland1773–1858 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors13 decades
  47. 47Karl Theodor, Duke in BavariaKarl Theodor, Duke in Bavaria1839–1909 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctors3 decades
  48. 48Waldemar HaffkineWaldemar Haffkine1856–1930 · Doctors0 decades
  49. 49Theodor BillrothTheodor Billroth1829–1894 · Doctors17 decades
  50. 50Niels Ryberg FinsenNiels Ryberg Finsen1860–1904 · Doctors0 decades
  51. 51Xavier BichatXavier Bichat1771–1802 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors15 decades
  52. 52Joseph BabinskiJoseph Babinski1857–1932 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors0 decades
  53. 53Georges Gilles de la TouretteGeorges Gilles de la Tourette1857–1904 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors0 decades
  54. 54Hudson TaylorHudson Taylor1832–1905 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Doctors14 decades
  55. 55Henry GrayHenry Gray1827–1861 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Doctors19 decades
  56. 56Dominique Jean LarreyDominique Jean Larrey1766–1842 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors0 decades
  57. 57Paul GachetPaul Gachet1828–1909 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors5 decades
  58. 58Julius Wagner-JaureggJulius Wagner-Jauregg1857–1940 · 🇦🇹 Austria · Doctors2 decades
  59. 59Emil Theodor KocherEmil Theodor Kocher1841–1917 · 🇨🇭 Switzerland · Doctors12 decades
  60. 60Franz OppenheimerFranz Oppenheimer1864–1943 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctors13 decades
  61. 61Robert KnoxRobert Knox1791–1862 · Doctors22 decades
  62. 62William Stewart HalstedWilliam Stewart Halsted1852–1922 · 🇺🇸 United States · Doctorsnot measured—
  63. 63Charles BellCharles Bell1774–1842 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Doctors22 decades
  64. 64José Gregorio HernándezJosé Gregorio Hernández1864–1919 · Doctorsnot measured—
  65. 65Anandi Gopal JoshiAnandi Gopal Joshi1865–1887 · Doctorsnot measured—
  66. 66Anna KuliscioffAnna Kuliscioff1853–1925 · Doctors12 decades
  67. 67Albert CalmetteAlbert Calmette1863–1933 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors11 decades
  68. 68Frederick HopkinsFrederick Hopkins1861–1947 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Doctors1 decades
  69. 69Carl WernickeCarl Wernicke1848–1905 · Doctors3 decades
  70. 70Charles Louis Alphonse LaveranCharles Louis Alphonse Laveran1845–1922 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors4 decades
  71. 71Sergey Petrovich BotkinSergey Petrovich Botkin1832–1889 · Doctorsnot measured—
  72. 72Christiaan EijkmanChristiaan Eijkman1858–1930 · 🇳🇱 Netherlands · Doctors0 decades
  73. 73Carlos Juan FinlayCarlos Juan Finlay1833–1915 · Doctors0 decades
  74. 74Thomas HodgkinThomas Hodgkin1798–1866 · Doctors18 decades
  75. 75Jean Marc Gaspard ItardJean Marc Gaspard Itard1774–1838 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors7 decades
  76. 76Leon PinskerLeon Pinsker1821–1891 · Doctors0 decades
  77. 77Eugène DuboisEugène Dubois1858–1940 · Doctors10 decades
  78. 78Auguste ForelAuguste Forel1848–1931 · 🇨🇭 Switzerland · Doctors11 decades
  79. 79Nikolay SklifosovskyNikolay Sklifosovsky1836–1904 · Doctorsnot measured—
  80. 80Robert ListonRobert Liston1794–1847 · Doctorsnot measured—
  81. 81RukhmabaiRukhmabai1864–1955 · 🇮🇳 India · Doctors1 decades
  82. 82Paul RéePaul Rée1849–1901 · Doctorsnot measured—
  83. 83James Young SimpsonJames Young Simpson1811–1870 · Doctors2 decades
  84. 84J. Marion SimsJ. Marion Sims1813–1883 · 🇺🇸 United States · Doctorsnot measured—
  85. 85Ernst Heinrich WeberErnst Heinrich Weber1795–1878 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctors15 decades
  86. 86Paul LangerhansPaul Langerhans1847–1888 · Doctors2 decades
  87. 87Thomas AddisonThomas Addison1793–1860 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Doctors12 decades
  88. 88Charles EastmanCharles Eastman1858–1939 · 🇺🇸 United States · Doctorsnot measured—
  89. 89Guillaume DupuytrenGuillaume Dupuytren1777–1835 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors1 decades
  90. 90Nikolay GamaleyaNikolay Gamaleya1859–1949 · Doctors2 decades
  91. 91Carl von RokitanskyCarl von Rokitansky1804–1878 · Doctors1 decades
  92. 92Emil du Bois-ReymondEmil du Bois-Reymond1818–1896 · Doctors16 decades
  93. 93Sir William Gull, 1st BaronetSir William Gull, 1st Baronet1816–1890 · Doctorsnot measured—
  94. 94Christian BohrChristian Bohr1855–1911 · Doctors0 decades
  95. 95Hawley Harvey CrippenHawley Harvey Crippen1862–1910 · 🇺🇸 United States · Doctorsnot measured—
  96. 96Prince Ludwig Ferdinand of BavariaPrince Ludwig Ferdinand of Bavaria1859–1949 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Doctorsnot measured—
  97. 97Robert DarwinRobert Darwin1766–1848 · Doctorsnot measured—
  98. 98James BraidJames Braid1795–1860 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Doctors7 decades
  99. 99George HuntingtonGeorge Huntington1850–1916 · 🇺🇸 United States · Doctors9 decades
  100. 100Cecilia GriersonCecilia Grierson1859–1934 · 🇦🇷 Argentina · Doctorsnot measured—

How this is measured

  • Placing people in time. Each person belongs to the century in which they were most active — around age 35, and never after their death.
  • Who ranks highest. Within a century, people are ranked where two independent signals agree: how many of the world’s Wikipedia language editions cover them, and how many people actually read about them. Article counts alone can be lifted by a person’s own circle; readers cannot.
  • Fame in print. The curves count how often a name appears in Google Books from 1800 to 2019, as a share of all the words printed each year, in the person’s own language wherever that corpus exists. Those decades are over, so each measurement is made once and kept.
  • What is left out. A lifetime is measured only from 1820, when there is enough print to judge; the five years after a death are skipped as obituaries; and a name shared with someone equally notable is credited to neither.