1880–1889
The 1880s
Whose names filled the books of the 1880s — anyone at all, however long dead — counted as mentions per million words printed, so a period that simply published more does not inflate anyone.
Talked about then
Whose names appeared most in English books during the 1880s — whenever they lived.
In books written inEnglish15,200German3,276French3,096Italian1,682Spanish1,073Russian203Hebrew89Chinese2
#PersonIn print, 1800–2019Per million words
- 1
Jesus5 BC–30 · 1st century · Religious Figures59 - 2
Augustus63 BC–14 · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians10 - 3
Homer900 BC–800 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers10 - 4
Plato428 BC–348 BC · 1st millennium BC · Academics9.5 - 5
Cicero106 BC–43 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians8.3 - 6
Aristotle384 BC–322 BC · 1st millennium BC · Academics7.9 - 7
Virgil70 BC–19 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers5.7 - 8
Socrates470 BC–399 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇧🇷 Brazil · Academics4.9 - 9
Charles II, Duke of Savoy1489–1496 · 15th century · Historical Figures4.4 - 10
Charles II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels1545–1617 · 16th century · Historical Figures4.4
- 11
Charles II, Lord of Monaco1555–1589 · 16th century · Politicians4.4 - 12
Herodotus484 BC–425 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writers4.0 - 13
Plutarch40–120 · 1st century · Academics3.1 - 14
Charlemagne748–814 · 8th century · Historical Figures3.0 - 15
Walter Scott1771–1832 · 19th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers2.8 - 16
Ovid43 BC–17 · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers2.6 - 17
Henry IV, Duke of Brabant1251–1272 · 13th century2.5 - 18HIHenry IV, Count of Waldeck1300–1348 · 14th century2.5
- 19HIHenry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg1463–1514 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany2.5
- 20
Henry IV, Duke of Limburg1195–1247 · 13th century · Historical Figures2.5 - 21
Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor1050–1106 · 11th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.5 - 22
Henry IV, Count of Luxembourg1113–1196 · 12th century · Politicians2.5 - 23
Demosthenes384 BC–322 BC · 1st millennium BC · Politicians2.3 - 24
George Eliot1819–1880 · 19th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers2.3 - 25
Cleopatra69 BC–30 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇪🇬 Egypt · Historical Figures2.3 - 26
Euclid333 BC–285 BC · 1st millennium BC · Academics2.2 - 27
William Henry1774–1836 · 19th century · Scientists2.2 - 28
Origen185–254 · 3rd century · 🇪🇬 Egypt · Academics2.2 - 29
Livy59 BC–17 · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers2.1 - 30
Bede672–735 · 8th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers2.1 - 31
Xenophon430 BC–354 BC · 1st millennium BC · Academics2.0 - 32
James II, Count of Urgell1388–1433 · 15th century2.0 - 33
Johns Hopkins1795–1873 · 19th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Founders1.9 - 34
Henry VI1376–1454 · 15th century1.9 - 35HVHenry VI, Count of Waldeck1340–1397 · 14th century1.9
- 36
Henry VI, Count of Luxembourg1240–1288 · 13th century · Politicians1.9 - 37
John the Baptist6 BC–30 · 1st century · 🇮🇱 Israel · Religious Figures1.9 - 38
John Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford1485–1555 · 16th century · Politicians1.9 - 39
Strabo63 BC–23 · 1st millennium BC · Academics1.9 - 40
Henry III, Margrave of Baden-Hachberg1300–1330 · 14th century · Models1.9 - 41
Henry III, Count of Gorizia1263–1323 · 13th century1.9 - 42
Henry III, Duke of Głogów1251–1309 · 13th century · Politicians1.9 - 43HIHenry III, Count of Luxembourg1070–1096 · 11th century · Historical Figures1.9
- 44
Henry III, Count of Louvain1060–1095 · 11th century · Politicians1.9 - 45
Henry III, Count of Schauenburg-Holstein1370–1421 · 15th century1.9 - 46
Henry III, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels1542–1587 · 16th century1.9
- 47
Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor1016–1056 · 11th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.9 - 48
Pericles494 BC–429 BC · 1st millennium BC · Politicians1.9 - 49
Robert Peel1788–1850 · 19th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Politicians1.8 - 50
Trajan53–117 · 1st century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians1.8 - 51
Tertullian160–240 · 2nd century · Academics1.8 - 52
Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor1275–1313 · 14th century · 🇫🇷 France1.8 - 53
John Smith1580–1631 · 17th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Historical Figures1.8 - 54
Henry II, Duke of Świdnica1312–1345 · 14th century1.8 - 55
Henry II , Duke of Lower Lorraine1059–1119 · 11th century1.8 - 56
Henry II, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg1317–1390 · 14th century1.8 - 57
Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor973–1024 · 11th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.8 - 58HIHenry II, Margrave of the Nordmark1102–1128 · 12th century1.8
- 59
Henry II, Duke of Ziębice1396–1420 · 15th century1.8 - 60
Henry II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal1308–1320 · 14th century · Models1.8
- 61
Henry II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels1507–1548 · 16th century1.8
- 62
Henry II, Count of Champagne1166–1197 · 12th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures1.8 - 63
Henry II1207–1248 · 13th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.8 - 64
Henry II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen1289–1351 · 14th century · Historical Figures1.8 - 65
Henry II, Prince of Anhalt-Aschersleben1215–1266 · 13th century · Historical Figures1.8 - 66
Hadrian76–138 · 2nd century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Historical Figures1.8 - 67
Herbert Spencer1820–1903 · 19th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Academics1.7 - 68
John Adams1735–1826 · 18th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians1.7 - 69
John Brown1800–1859 · 19th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Founders1.7 - 70
Sophocles496 BC–406 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers1.7 - 71
Euripides480 BC–406 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers1.7 - 72
Solon630 BC–560 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers1.6
- 73
Thucydides460 BC–395 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers1.5 - 74
George Washington1732–1799 · 18th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians1.5 - 75
Richard II963–1026 · 10th century · 🇫🇷 France1.5
- 76
Lord Byron1788–1824 · 19th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers1.4 - 77
Otho32–69 · 1st century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians1.4 - 78
Ben Jonson1572–1637 · 17th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers1.4 - 79
Pindar517 BC–437 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers1.4 - 80
William III, Duke of Bavaria1375–1435 · 15th century · Historical Figures1.4 - 81WIWilliam III, Count of Genevaborn 1280 · 14th century1.4
- 82WIWilliam III, Marquess of Montferrat970–1042 · 11th century · Historical Figures1.4
- 83
William III, Count of Toulouse975–1037 · 11th century · Historical Figures1.4 - 84WIWilliam III, Count of Burgundy1110–1127 · 12th century · Historical Figures1.4
- 85WIWilliam III, Duke of Aquitaine910–963 · 10th century1.4
- 86WIWilliam III, Count of Jülich1150–1218 · 12th century · Historical Figures1.4
- 87
Julius Caesar100 BC–44 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians1.3 - 88
Abraham Lincoln1809–1865 · 19th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians1.3 - 89
Matthew Arnold1822–1888 · 19th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers1.3 - 90
Aristophanes445 BC–385 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers1.3 - 91
Adam Smith1723–1790 · 18th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Academics1.3 - 92
Rembrandt1606–1669 · 17th century · 🇳🇱 Netherlands · Artists1.2 - 93
George II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels1512–1553 · 16th century1.2 - 94
George II, Duke of Württemberg-Montbéliard1626–1699 · 17th century1.2 - 95
George II, Duke of Brieg1523–1586 · 16th century1.2 - 96
Black Hawk1767–1838 · 19th century · 🇺🇸 United States1.2 - 97
Lucretius94 BC–55 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers1.2 - 98
Pythagoras582 BC–490 BC · 1st millennium BC · Academics1.2 - 99
Alexander the Great356 BC–323 BC · 1st millennium BC · Historical Figures1.2
Lived then
The most notable people whose working lives fell in the 1880s, ranked where Wikipedia coverage and readership agree.
#PersonIn print, 1800–2019Echoed
- 1
Vincent van Gogh1853–1890 · 🇳🇱 Netherlands · Artists12 decades - 2
Oscar Wilde1854–1900 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers14 decades - 3
Thomas Edison1847–1931 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists13 decades - 4
Guy de Maupassant1850–1893 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers14 decades - 5
Arthur Rimbaud1854–1891 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers14 decades
- 6
Antoni Gaudí1852–1926 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Architects5 decades - 7
Robert Louis Stevenson1850–1894 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers15 decades - 8
Paul von Hindenburg1847–1934 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians10 decades - 9
Paul Gauguin1848–1903 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists13 decades - 10
Alexander III of Russia1845–1894 · Historical Figures16 decades - 11
Pope Benedict XV1854–1922 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Religious Figures11 decades - 12
Ivan Pavlov1849–1936 · Scientists16 decades - 13
Alexander Graham Bell1847–1922 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists15 decades - 14
José Martí1853–1895 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Writers16 decades - 15
Wilhelm Röntgen1845–1923 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Scientists11 decades - 16
Santiago Ramón y Cajal1852–1934 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Scientists13 decades - 17
Ludwig II of Bavaria1845–1886 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures18 decades - 18
Henri Poincaré1854–1912 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics13 decades - 19
Sofia Kovalevskaya1850–1891 · 🇸🇪 Sweden · Academics14 decades - 20
Bram Stoker1847–1912 · Writers12 decades - 21
Octave Mirbeau1848–1917 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers14 decades - 22
Ferdinand Foch1851–1929 · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures7 decades - 23
Billy the Kid1859–1881 · 🇺🇸 United States12 decades - 24
Alfonso XII of Spain1857–1885 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Historical Figures0 decades
- 25
Cecil Rhodes1853–1902 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Politicians12 decades - 26
August Strindberg1849–1912 · 🇸🇪 Sweden · Writers8 decades - 27
Henri Becquerel1852–1908 · 🇫🇷 France · Scientists15 decades - 28
Emperor Meiji1852–1912 · 🇯🇵 Japan · Historical Figures11 decades - 29
Georg Cantor1845–1918 · Academics14 decades - 30
Viktor Vasnetsov1848–1926 · Artists10 decades - 31
Abay Kunanbaiuly1845–1904 · Writers8 decades - 32
Maria Feodorovna1847–1928 · Historical Figures17 decades - 33
Paul Ehrlich1854–1915 · Doctors13 decades - 34
Henryk Sienkiewicz1846–1916 · Writers11 decades - 35
Gottlob Frege1848–1925 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics9 decades - 36
Vladimir Solovyov1853–1900 · Academics14 decades - 37
Sergei Witte1849–1915 · Politicians9 decades - 38
Vilfredo Pareto1848–1923 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics13 decades - 39
Hendrik Lorentz1853–1928 · 🇳🇱 Netherlands · Scientists0 decades - 40
Gabriel Fauré1845–1924 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians14 decades - 41
Otto Lilienthal1848–1896 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Scientists13 decades - 42
Pierre Loti1850–1923 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers14 decades - 43
Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk1850–1937 · Politicians1 decades - 44
Jesse James1847–1882 · 🇺🇸 United States14 decades - 45
Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria1858–1889 · 🇦🇹 Austria · Politicians0 decades - 46
Peter Carl Fabergé1846–1920 · Scientists3 decades - 47
George I of Greece1845–1913 · Historical Figures0 decades - 48
Joseph Joffre1852–1931 · 🇫🇷 France2 decades - 49
Arthur Balfour1848–1930 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Politicians15 decades - 50
Aleksei Brusilov1853–1926 · Writers3 decades - 51
Amadeo I of Spain1845–1890 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Historical Figuresnot measured— - 52
Joseph Pulitzer1847–1911 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians14 decades - 53
Max Liebermann1847–1935 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Artists13 decades - 54
Buffalo Bill1846–1917 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers15 decades - 55
Joris-Karl Huysmans1848–1907 · 🇫🇷 France · Writers11 decades - 56
H. H. Asquith1852–1928 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Politicians11 decades - 57
Vasily Surikov1848–1916 · Artists8 decades - 58
Chulalongkorn1853–1910 · Historical Figures13 decades - 59
Edward Smith1850–1912 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Historical Figures17 decades - 60
Karl Kautsky1854–1938 · Politicians13 decades - 61
Annie Besant1847–1933 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers15 decades - 62
Leoš Janáček1854–1928 · Musicians0 decades - 63
Gustave Caillebotte1848–1894 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists5 decades - 64
Frances Hodgson Burnett1849–1924 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers15 decades - 65
Bernhard von Bülow1849–1929 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians12 decades - 66
Eduard Bernstein1850–1932 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians13 decades - 67
Nicholas Miklouho-Maclay1846–1888 · Historical Figures5 decades - 68
August von Mackensen1849–1945 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2 decades - 69
Mihai Eminescu1850–1889 · Writers5 decades - 70
Auguste Escoffier1846–1935 · 🇫🇷 France · Chefs4 decades - 71
Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener1850–1916 · Politicians0 decades - 72
Élie Metchnikoff1845–1916 · 🇫🇷 France · Scientistsnot measured— - 73
Wyatt Earp1848–1929 · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians10 decades - 74
Ludwig III of Bavaria1845–1921 · 🇩🇪 Germanynot measured— - 75
Helmuth von Moltke the Younger1848–1916 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures0 decades - 76
Felix Klein1849–1925 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics15 decades - 77
Victoriano Huerta1850–1916 · 🇲🇽 Mexico · Politicians13 decades - 78
Alexander Ulyanov1866–1887 · Activists11 decades - 79
Georges Sorel1847–1922 · 🇫🇷 France · Academics12 decades - 80
Olga Constantinovna of Russia1851–1926 · Historical Figures16 decades - 81
Luigi Cadorna1850–1928 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians11 decades - 82
Charles Taze Russell1852–1916 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers0 decades - 83
Édouard-Henri Avril1849–1928 · 🇫🇷 France · Artists5 decades - 84
Margaret of Savoy1851–1926 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists17 decades - 85
Ned Kelly1854–1880 · 🇦🇺 Australia · Writers11 decades - 86
Otto of Bavaria1848–1916 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politiciansnot measured— - 87
Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca1853–1931 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Politicians0 decades - 88
George Westinghouse1846–1914 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists15 decades - 89
Bertha Benz1849–1944 · Athletes0 decades - 90
Carl Larsson1853–1919 · 🇸🇪 Sweden · Artists4 decades - 91
John William Waterhouse1849–1917 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0 decades - 92
Raja Ravi Varma1848–1906 · 🇮🇳 India · Artists0 decades - 93
James George Frazer1854–1941 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Academics8 decades - 94
Calamity Jane1852–1903 · 🇺🇸 United States11 decades - 95
Tōgō Heihachirō1848–1934 · 🇯🇵 Japan · Politicians0 decades - 96
Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf1852–1925 · 🇦🇹 Austria · Historical Figures5 decades - 97
Lafcadio Hearn1850–1904 · Writers14 decades - 98
Muhammad Abduh1849–1905 · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Academics5 decades - 99
Oliver Heaviside1850–1925 · Scientists10 decades - 100
Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil1846–1921 · 🇧🇷 Brazil · Historical Figuresnot measured—
How this is measured
- Placing people in time. Each person belongs to the century in which they were most active — around age 35, and never after their death.
- Who ranks highest. Within a century, people are ranked where two independent signals agree: how many of the world’s Wikipedia language editions cover them, and how many people actually read about them. Article counts alone can be lifted by a person’s own circle; readers cannot.
- Fame in print. The curves count how often a name appears in Google Books from 1800 to 2019, as a share of all the words printed each year, in the person’s own language wherever that corpus exists. Those decades are over, so each measurement is made once and kept.
- What is left out. A lifetime is measured only from 1820, when there is enough print to judge; the five years after a death are skipped as obituaries; and a name shared with someone equally notable is credited to neither.