Pope of the Catholic Church from 1914 to 1922
He steered the Vatican through the First World War by declaring neutrality and proposing peace — both sides turned him down. When diplomacy failed, he shifted to prisoners, wounded soldiers, and food relief across a starving continent.
Giacomo della Chiesa was elected pope in 1914 at 59, just as Europe tore itself apart. He called the war "the suicide of civilized Europe" and tried twice to broker peace in 1916 and 1917; German Protestants dismissed any "Papal Peace" as an insult, and Clemenceau thought the effort anti-French. Benedict XV turned to humanitarian work instead — prisoner exchanges, medical evacuations, food shipments — and spent the postwar years mending ties with France and Italy, which began letting Catholic politicians back into national life. In 1917 he promulgated the new Code of Canon Law, the work he'd p…
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