Claim profile
1900–1999

The 20th century

Whose names filled the books of the 20th century — anyone at all, however long dead — counted as mentions per million words printed, so a period that simply published more does not inflate anyone.

Talked about then

Whose names appeared most in English books during the 20th century — whenever they lived.

In books written inEnglish28,219German4,127French3,913Italian2,072Spanish1,601Russian838Chinese282Hebrew149
  1. 1JesusJesus5 BC–30 · 1st century · Religious Figures30
  2. 2AristotleAristotle384 BC–322 BC · 1st millennium BC · Academics7.1
  3. 3PlatoPlato428 BC–348 BC · 1st millennium BC · Academics7.1
  4. 4HomerHomer900 BC–800 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers7.1
  5. 5AugustusAugustus63 BC–14 · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians4.9
  6. 6SealSealborn 1963 · 20th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Musicians4.5
  7. 7RMRMborn 1994 · 21st century · 🇰🇷 South Korea · Musicians4.5
  8. 8Johns HopkinsJohns Hopkins1795–1873 · 19th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Founders4.4
  9. 9CiceroCicero106 BC–43 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians4.0
  10. 10George WashingtonGeorge Washington1732–1799 · 18th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians3.8
  11. 11SocratesSocrates470 BC–399 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇧🇷 Brazil · Academics3.4
  12. 12VirgilVirgil70 BC–19 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers3.3
  13. 13Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln1809–1865 · 19th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians2.0
  14. 14EuclidEuclid333 BC–285 BC · 1st millennium BC · Academics1.9
  15. 15PinkPinkborn 1979 · 21st century · 🇺🇸 United States · Musicians1.6
  16. 16AAcmedied 5 BC · 1st millennium BC1.6
  17. 17Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson1743–1826 · 18th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians1.6
  18. 18IUIUborn 1993 · 21st century · 🇰🇷 South Korea · Musicians1.6
  19. 19OvidOvid43 BC–17 · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers1.6
  20. 20MadonnaMadonnaborn 1958 · 20th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Musicians1.5
  21. 21Charles II, Duke of SavoyCharles II, Duke of Savoy1489–1496 · 15th century · Historical Figures1.5
  22. 22Charles II, Lord of MonacoCharles II, Lord of Monaco1555–1589 · 16th century · Politicians1.5
  23. 23Charles II, Duke of Münsterberg-OelsCharles II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels1545–1617 · 16th century · Historical Figures1.5
  24. 24Mark TwainMark Twain1835–1910 · 19th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers1.5
  25. 25PlutarchPlutarch40–120 · 1st century · Academics1.5
  26. 26CleopatraCleopatra69 BC–30 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇪🇬 Egypt · Historical Figures1.4
  27. 27Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt1858–1919 · 19th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians1.4
  28. 28Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson1856–1924 · 19th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians1.4
  29. 29William HenryWilliam Henry1774–1836 · 19th century · Scientists1.3
  30. 30Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin1706–1790 · 18th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians1.3
  31. 31HerodotusHerodotus484 BC–425 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Writers1.3
  32. 32CharlemagneCharlemagne748–814 · 8th century · Historical Figures1.3
  33. 33RembrandtRembrandt1606–1669 · 17th century · 🇳🇱 Netherlands · Artists1.3
  34. 34EuripidesEuripides480 BC–406 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers1.2
  35. 35PocahontasPocahontas1596–1617 · 17th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers1.1
  36. 36John BrownJohn Brown1800–1859 · 19th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Founders1.1
  37. 37John SmithJohn Smith1580–1631 · 17th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Historical Figures1.0
  38. 38Adam SmithAdam Smith1723–1790 · 18th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Academics1.0
  39. 39Henry IV, Duke of BrabantHenry IV, Duke of Brabant1251–1272 · 13th century1.0
  40. 40HIHenry IV, Count of Waldeck1300–1348 · 14th century1.0
  41. 41Henry IV, Duke of LimburgHenry IV, Duke of Limburg1195–1247 · 13th century · Historical Figures1.0
  42. 42HIHenry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg1463–1514 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.0
  43. 43Henry IV, Holy Roman EmperorHenry IV, Holy Roman Emperor1050–1106 · 11th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.0
  44. 44Henry IV, Count of LuxembourgHenry IV, Count of Luxembourg1113–1196 · 12th century · Politicians1.0
  45. 45John AdamsJohn Adams1735–1826 · 18th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians1.0
  46. 46SophoclesSophocles496 BC–406 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers1.0
  47. 47Henry JamesHenry James1843–1916 · 19th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers0.99
  48. 48GalenGalen129–300 · 2nd century · 🇹🇷 Turkey · Doctors0.97
  49. 49Walter ScottWalter Scott1771–1832 · 19th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers0.95
  50. 50LivyLivy59 BC–17 · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.95
  51. 51BedeBede672–735 · 8th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers0.94
  52. 52John the BaptistJohn the Baptist6 BC–30 · 1st century · 🇮🇱 Israel · Religious Figures0.93
  53. 53SolonSolon630 BC–560 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers0.93
  54. 54Prince George, Duke of CumberlandPrince George, Duke of Cumberland1653–1708 · 17th century0.90
  55. 55PericlesPericles494 BC–429 BC · 1st millennium BC · Politicians0.89
  56. 56John HenryJohn Henry1322–1375 · 14th century0.87
  57. 57Julius CaesarJulius Caesar100 BC–44 BC · 1st millennium BC · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians0.86
  58. 58Winston ChurchillWinston Churchill1874–1965 · 20th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Politicians0.86
  59. 59William JamesWilliam James1842–1910 · 19th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Academics0.86
  60. 60HadrianHadrian76–138 · 2nd century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Historical Figures0.83
  61. 61Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson1767–1845 · 19th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians0.83
  62. 62ThucydidesThucydides460 BC–395 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers0.83
  63. 63Henry FordHenry Ford1863–1947 · 19th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Founders0.81
  64. 64AristophanesAristophanes445 BC–385 BC · 1st millennium BC · Writers0.79
  65. 65Charles I, Duke of SavoyCharles I, Duke of Savoy1468–1490 · 15th century0.79
  66. 66Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-PhilippsthalCharles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal1682–1770 · 18th century0.79
  67. 67Charles I, Count of FlandersCharles I, Count of Flanders1084–1127 · 12th century · Politicians0.79
  68. 68CICharles I1516–1576 · 16th century · Historical Figures0.79
  69. 69Charles I, Count of NeversCharles I, Count of Nevers1414–1464 · 15th century · Historical Figures0.79
  70. 70AAbababorn 200 · 3rd century0.78
  71. 71OrigenOrigen185–254 · 3rd century · 🇪🇬 Egypt · Academics0.76
  72. 72George EliotGeorge Eliot1819–1880 · 19th century · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Writers0.75
  73. 73DemosthenesDemosthenes384 BC–322 BC · 1st millennium BC · Politicians0.75
  74. 74John F. KennedyJohn F. Kennedy1917–1963 · 20th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians0.75
  75. 75Brigham YoungBrigham Young1801–1877 · 19th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Academics0.75
  76. 76XenophonXenophon430 BC–354 BC · 1st millennium BC · Academics0.73
  77. 77Henry VI, Count of LuxembourgHenry VI, Count of Luxembourg1240–1288 · 13th century · Politicians0.72
  78. 78HVHenry VI, Count of Waldeck1340–1397 · 14th century0.72
  79. 79Henry VIHenry VI1376–1454 · 15th century0.72
  80. 80William PennWilliam Penn1644–1718 · 17th century · Founders0.71
  81. 81Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton1757–1804 · 18th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians0.71
  82. 82Henry IIHenry II1207–1248 · 13th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.70
  83. 83Henry II, Holy Roman EmperorHenry II, Holy Roman Emperor973–1024 · 11th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures0.70
  84. 84Henry II , Duke of Lower LorraineHenry II , Duke of Lower Lorraine1059–1119 · 11th century0.70
  85. 85Henry II, Duke of ZiębiceHenry II, Duke of Ziębice1396–1420 · 15th century0.70
  86. 86Henry II, Count of Holstein-RendsburgHenry II, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg1317–1390 · 14th century0.70
  87. 87Henry II, Count of ChampagneHenry II, Count of Champagne1166–1197 · 12th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures0.70
  88. 88Henry II, Duke of Münsterberg-OelsHenry II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels1507–1548 · 16th century0.70
  89. 89HIHenry II, Margrave of the Nordmark1102–1128 · 12th century0.70
  90. 90Henry II, Duke of Brunswick-GrubenhagenHenry II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen1289–1351 · 14th century · Historical Figures0.70
  91. 91Henry II, Prince of Anhalt-AscherslebenHenry II, Prince of Anhalt-Aschersleben1215–1266 · 13th century · Historical Figures0.70
  92. 92Henry II, Margrave of Brandenburg-StendalHenry II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal1308–1320 · 14th century · Models0.70
  93. 93Henry II, Duke of ŚwidnicaHenry II, Duke of Świdnica1312–1345 · 14th century0.70
  94. 94Richard IIRichard II963–1026 · 10th century · 🇫🇷 France0.69
  95. 95John MarshallJohn Marshall1755–1835 · 18th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians0.67
  96. 96Henry ClayHenry Clay1777–1852 · 19th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians0.67
  97. 97Jefferson DavisJefferson Davis1808–1889 · 19th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians0.67
  98. 98James I, Count of UrgellJames I, Count of Urgell1321–1347 · 14th century0.67
  99. 99OsceolaOsceola1804–1838 · 19th century · 🇺🇸 United States · Politicians0.67

Lived then

The most notable people whose working lives fell in the 20th century, ranked where Wikipedia coverage and readership agree.

CountryAll🇺🇸 United States🇬🇧 United Kingdom🇫🇷 France🇩🇪 Germany🇮🇹 Italy🇮🇳 India🇯🇵 Japan🇨🇳 China🇨🇦 Canada🇸🇪 Sweden
FieldAllActorsPoliticiansMusiciansWritersDirectorsHistorical FiguresAcademicsFootballersScientistsArtists
  1. 1Martin Luther King Jr.Martin Luther King Jr.1929–1968 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers6 decades
  2. 2Stephen KingStephen Kingborn 1947 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers8 decades
  3. 3Ernest HemingwayErnest Hemingway1899–1961 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers10 decades
  4. 4Rosa ParksRosa Parks1913–2005 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers6 decades
  5. 5Amelia EarhartAmelia Earhart1897–1939 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers10 decades
  6. 6Helen KellerHelen Keller1880–1968 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers14 decades
  7. 7Jack LondonJack London1876–1916 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers12 decades
  8. 8George R. R. MartinGeorge R. R. Martinborn 1948 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers1 decades
  9. 9H. P. LovecraftH. P. Lovecraft1890–1937 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers6 decades
  10. 10Buzz AldrinBuzz Aldrinborn 1930 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers3 decades
  11. 11Dan BrownDan Brownborn 1964 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers3 decades
  12. 12Michelle ObamaMichelle Obamaborn 1964 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers2 decades
  13. 13Bobby FischerBobby Fischer1943–2008 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers6 decades
  14. 14John SteinbeckJohn Steinbeck1902–1968 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers9 decades
  15. 15Stan LeeStan Lee1922–2018 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers3 decades
  16. 16F. Scott FitzgeraldF. Scott Fitzgerald1896–1940 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers10 decades
  17. 17Truman CapoteTruman Capote1924–1984 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers8 decades
  18. 18William FaulknerWilliam Faulkner1897–1962 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers10 decades
  19. 19Sylvia PlathSylvia Plath1932–1963 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers6 decades
  20. 20Philip K. DickPhilip K. Dick1928–1982 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers5 decades
  21. 21Charles LindberghCharles Lindbergh1902–1974 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers10 decades
  22. 22Maya AngelouMaya Angelou1928–2014 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers5 decades
  23. 23George S. PattonGeorge S. Patton1885–1945 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers8 decades
  24. 24Ursula K. Le GuinUrsula K. Le Guin1929–2018 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers5 decades
  25. 25Jack KerouacJack Kerouac1922–1969 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers6 decades
  26. 26Isabel AllendeIsabel Allendeborn 1942 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers4 decades
  27. 27Arthur MillerArthur Miller1915–2005 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers11 decades
  28. 28Robert ZemeckisRobert Zemeckisborn 1952 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers3 decades
  29. 29J. D. SalingerJ. D. Salinger1919–2010 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers7 decades
  30. 30Toni MorrisonToni Morrison1931–2019 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers5 decades
  31. 31Frank HerbertFrank Herbert1920–1986 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers10 decades
  32. 32Tom ClancyTom Clancy1947–2013 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers4 decades
  33. 33Michael CrichtonMichael Crichton1942–2008 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers5 decades
  34. 34Harper LeeHarper Lee1926–2016 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers7 decades
  35. 35James BaldwinJames Baldwin1924–1987 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers10 decades
  36. 36Ray BradburyRay Bradbury1920–2012 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers7 decades
  37. 37Ezra PoundEzra Pound1885–1972 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers11 decades
  38. 38Tennessee WilliamsTennessee Williams1911–1983 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers8 decades
  39. 39Anne RiceAnne Rice1941–2021 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers3 decades
  40. 40William S. BurroughsWilliam S. Burroughs1914–1997 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers5 decades
  41. 41Allen GinsbergAllen Ginsberg1926–1997 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers7 decades
  42. 42T. S. EliotT. S. Eliot1888–1965 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers11 decades
  43. 43Isadora DuncanIsadora Duncan1877–1927 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writersnot measured—
  44. 44Laura Ingalls WilderLaura Ingalls Wilder1867–1957 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers8 decades
  45. 45David CopperfieldDavid Copperfieldborn 1956 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers7 decades
  46. 46Kurt VonnegutKurt Vonnegut1922–2007 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers6 decades
  47. 47Robert A. HeinleinRobert A. Heinlein1907–1988 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers7 decades
  48. 48John GrishamJohn Grishamborn 1955 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers3 decades
  49. 49Thomas PynchonThomas Pynchonborn 1937 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers5 decades
  50. 50Philip RothPhilip Roth1933–2018 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers6 decades
  51. 51Laura BushLaura Bushborn 1946 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers2 decades
  52. 52Gore VidalGore Vidal1925–2012 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers7 decades
  53. 53Cormac McCarthyCormac McCarthy1933–2023 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers3 decades
  54. 54Gertrude SteinGertrude Stein1874–1946 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers10 decades
  55. 55Jim LovellJim Lovell1928–2025 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers3 decades
  56. 56Sam ShepardSam Shepard1943–2017 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers5 decades
  57. 57Mario PuzoMario Puzo1920–1999 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers5 decades
  58. 58Julia ChildJulia Child1912–2004 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers6 decades
  59. 59Svetlana AlliluyevaSvetlana Alliluyeva1926–2011 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers1 decades
  60. 60J. Paul GettyJ. Paul Getty1892–1976 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers8 decades
  61. 61Dr. SeussDr. Seuss1904–1991 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers9 decades
  62. 62Eugene O'NeillEugene O'Neill1888–1953 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers10 decades
  63. 63Susan SontagSusan Sontag1933–2004 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers6 decades
  64. 64Elie WieselElie Wiesel1928–2016 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers6 decades
  65. 65L. Ron HubbardL. Ron Hubbard1911–1986 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers6 decades
  66. 66David Foster WallaceDavid Foster Wallace1962–2008 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers2 decades
  67. 67Henry MillerHenry Miller1891–1980 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers13 decades
  68. 68Martha StewartMartha Stewartborn 1941 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers4 decades
  69. 69Anton LaVeyAnton LaVey1930–1997 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers2 decades
  70. 70Dale CarnegieDale Carnegie1888–1955 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers9 decades
  71. 71Paul AusterPaul Auster1947–2024 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers3 decades
  72. 72Ray KrocRay Kroc1902–1984 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers4 decades
  73. 73Raymond ChandlerRaymond Chandler1888–1959 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers8 decades
  74. 74Timothy LearyTimothy Leary1920–1996 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers6 decades
  75. 75Michael CollinsMichael Collins1930–2021 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers9 decades
  76. 76Caroline KennedyCaroline Kennedyborn 1957 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers3 decades
  77. 77Chuck PalahniukChuck Palahniukborn 1962 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers2 decades
  78. 78Robert FrostRobert Frost1874–1963 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers13 decades
  79. 79Suzanne CollinsSuzanne Collinsborn 1962 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers1 decades
  80. 80Bret Easton EllisBret Easton Ellisborn 1964 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writersnot measured—
  81. 81Gene RoddenberryGene Roddenberry1921–1991 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers4 decades
  82. 82bell hooksbell hooks1952–2021 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers3 decades
  83. 83Norman MailerNorman Mailer1923–2007 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers8 decades
  84. 84Robert KiyosakiRobert Kiyosakiborn 1947 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers1 decades
  85. 85Edgar Rice BurroughsEdgar Rice Burroughs1875–1950 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers11 decades
  86. 86Tony RobbinsTony Robbinsborn 1960 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers2 decades
  87. 87Roger EbertRoger Ebert1942–2013 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers4 decades
  88. 88Joan DidionJoan Didion1934–2021 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers5 decades
  89. 89Alice WalkerAlice Walkerborn 1944 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers8 decades
  90. 90David RockefellerDavid Rockefeller1915–2017 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers7 decades
  91. 91Carlos CastanedaCarlos Castaneda1925–1998 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers0 decades
  92. 92Temple GrandinTemple Grandinborn 1947 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writersnot measured—
  93. 93William GibsonWilliam Gibsonborn 1948 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers8 decades
  94. 94Joseph CampbellJoseph Campbell1904–1987 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers12 decades
  95. 95Patricia HighsmithPatricia Highsmith1921–1995 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers4 decades
  96. 96Margaret MitchellMargaret Mitchell1900–1949 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers11 decades
  97. 97Pearl S. BuckPearl S. Buck1892–1973 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers9 decades
  98. 98Donna TarttDonna Tarttborn 1963 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers0 decades
  99. 99Erica JongErica Jongborn 1942 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers5 decades
  100. 100James PattersonJames Pattersonborn 1947 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers8 decades

How this is measured

  • Placing people in time. Each person belongs to the century in which they were most active — around age 35, and never after their death.
  • Who ranks highest. Within a century, people are ranked where two independent signals agree: how many of the world’s Wikipedia language editions cover them, and how many people actually read about them. Article counts alone can be lifted by a person’s own circle; readers cannot.
  • Fame in print. The curves count how often a name appears in Google Books from 1800 to 2019, as a share of all the words printed each year, in the person’s own language wherever that corpus exists. Those decades are over, so each measurement is made once and kept.
  • What is left out. A lifetime is measured only from 1820, when there is enough print to judge; the five years after a death are skipped as obituaries; and a name shared with someone equally notable is credited to neither.