Claim profile
1800–1899

The 19th century

Whose names filled the books of the 19th century — anyone at all, however long dead — counted as mentions per million words printed, so a period that simply published more does not inflate anyone.

Talked about then

Whose names appeared most in Italian books during the 19th century — whenever they lived.

In books written inEnglish18,114German3,599French3,347Italian1,787Spanish1,162Russian325Hebrew105Chinese9
  1. 1GiottoGiotto1267–1337 · 14th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists5.5
  2. 2Antonio da CorreggioAntonio da Correggio1489–1534 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists5.0
  3. 3Lorenzo de' MediciLorenzo de' Medici1449–1492 · 15th century · Politicians3.0
  4. 4Dante AlighieriDante Alighieri1265–1321 · 14th century · Writers2.9
  5. 5Pietro PeruginoPietro Perugino1448–1523 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists2.9
  6. 6Donato BramanteDonato Bramante1444–1514 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Architects2.6
  7. 7Torquato TassoTorquato Tasso1544–1595 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers2.6
  8. 8CaravaggioCaravaggio1571–1610 · 17th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists2.1
  9. 9Apostolo ZenoApostolo Zeno1668–1750 · 18th century · Writers2.1
  10. 10CimabueCimabue1240–1302 · 13th century · Artists2.1
  11. 11TintorettoTintoretto1519–1594 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists1.9
  12. 12Charles BorromeoCharles Borromeo1538–1584 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Religious Figures1.8
  13. 13DonatelloDonatello1386–1466 · 15th century · Artists1.8
  14. 14Paul the DeaconPaul the Deacon720–799 · 8th century · Writers1.8
  15. 15Leonardo da VinciLeonardo da Vinci1452–1519 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists1.7
  16. 16Philip NeriPhilip Neri1515–1595 · 16th century · Religious Figures1.7
  17. 17Marco PoloMarco Polo1254–1324 · 13th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians1.7
  18. 18Cosimo de' MediciCosimo de' Medici1389–1464 · 15th century · Politicians1.7
  19. 19Galileo GalileiGalileo Galilei1564–1642 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Scientists1.7
  20. 20Andrea DoriaAndrea Doria1466–1560 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians1.6
  21. 21Giulio RomanoGiulio Romano1499–1546 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists1.6
  22. 22GuercinoGuercino1591–1666 · 17th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists1.5
  23. 23DomenichinoDomenichino1581–1641 · 17th century · Artists1.5
  24. 24Ugo FoscoloUgo Foscolo1778–1827 · 19th century · Writers1.4
  25. 25PetrarchPetrarch1304–1374 · 14th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Academics1.4
  26. 26Andrea del SartoAndrea del Sarto1486–1530 · 16th century · Artists1.2
  27. 27Pietro AretinoPietro Aretino1492–1556 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers1.2
  28. 28Alessandro ManzoniAlessandro Manzoni1785–1873 · 19th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers1.2
  29. 29Giorgio VasariGiorgio Vasari1511–1574 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists1.2
  30. 30MasaccioMasaccio1401–1428 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists1.1
  31. 31Baldassare FranceschiniBaldassare Franceschini1611–1690 · 17th century · Artists1.1
  32. 32Francis of AssisiFrancis of Assisi1182–1226 · 13th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers1.1
  33. 33Cesare BorgiaCesare Borgia1475–1507 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Historical Figures1.1
  34. 34Paolo VeronesePaolo Veronese1528–1588 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists1.1
  35. 35Guido ReniGuido Reni1575–1642 · 17th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists1.0
  36. 36Dino CompagniDino Compagni1255–1324 · 13th century · Writers1.0
  37. 37Pietro BemboPietro Bembo1470–1547 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Religious Figures1.00
  38. 38Guido CavalcantiGuido Cavalcanti1258–1300 · 13th century · Writers0.99
  39. 39Niccolò MachiavelliNiccolò Machiavelli1469–1527 · 16th century · Politicians0.99
  40. 40Filippo Maria ViscontiFilippo Maria Visconti1392–1447 · 15th century · Politicians0.97
  41. 41Cesare BalboCesare Balbo1789–1853 · 19th century · Politicians0.97
  42. 42Giuseppe MazziniGiuseppe Mazzini1805–1872 · 19th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Activists0.93
  43. 43Prospero ColonnaProspero Colonna1452–1523 · 15th century0.90
  44. 44Benvenuto CelliniBenvenuto Cellini1500–1571 · 16th century · Artists0.90
  45. 45Benedetto VarchiBenedetto Varchi1503–1565 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.88
  46. 46Francesco GuicciardiniFrancesco Guicciardini1483–1540 · 16th century · Writers0.88
  47. 47Aloysius GonzagaAloysius Gonzaga1568–1591 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Religious Figures0.88
  48. 48Vittorio AlfieriVittorio Alfieri1749–1803 · 18th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Historical Figures0.87
  49. 49Silvio PellicoSilvio Pellico1789–1854 · 19th century · Writers0.87
  50. 50Cesare CantùCesare Cantù1804–1895 · 19th century · Writers0.87
  51. 51Giacomo LeopardiGiacomo Leopardi1798–1837 · 19th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.85
  52. 52Vincenzo GiobertiVincenzo Gioberti1801–1852 · 19th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Academics0.85
  53. 53Giovanni BoccaccioGiovanni Boccaccio1313–1375 · 14th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.85
  54. 54Francesco RediFrancesco Redi1626–1697 · 17th century · Doctors0.85
  55. 55Francesco GonzagaFrancesco Gonzaga1444–1483 · 15th century0.84
  56. 56Franco SacchettiFranco Sacchetti1332–1400 · 14th century · Writers0.82
  57. 57Teodato IpatoTeodato Ipato750–800 · 8th century · Politicians0.80
  58. 58Salvator RosaSalvator Rosa1615–1673 · 17th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.76
  59. 59Giordano BrunoGiordano Bruno1548–1600 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Academics0.75
  60. 60Girolamo SavonarolaGirolamo Savonarola1452–1498 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians0.74
  61. 61Domenico PassignanoDomenico Passignano1559–1638 · 16th century · Artists0.74
  62. 62Paolo SarpiPaolo Sarpi1552–1623 · 16th century · Academics0.73
  63. 63ParmigianinoParmigianino1503–1540 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.72
  64. 64Paolo GiovioPaolo Giovio1483–1552 · 16th century · Writers0.71
  65. 65Massimo d'AzeglioMassimo d'Azeglio1798–1866 · 19th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians0.71
  66. 66Aldus ManutiusAldus Manutius1449–1515 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy0.71
  67. 67AMAldus Manutius the Younger1547–1597 · 16th century0.71
  68. 68Bernardo TassoBernardo Tasso1493–1569 · 16th century · Writers0.71
  69. 69Lucrezia BorgiaLucrezia Borgia1480–1519 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Historical Figures0.69
  70. 70Pietro da CortonaPietro da Cortona1596–1669 · 17th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.69
  71. 71MVMatteo Villani1283–1363 · 14th century · Writers0.68
  72. 72Francesco Scipione, marchese di MaffeiFrancesco Scipione, marchese di Maffei1675–1755 · 18th century · Writers0.66
  73. 73Luigi AlamanniLuigi Alamanni1495–1556 · 16th century · Writers0.65
  74. 74Vittoria ColonnaVittoria Colonna1492–1547 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.64
  75. 75Pietro VerriPietro Verri1728–1797 · 18th century · Academics0.64
  76. 76PinturicchioPinturicchio1454–1513 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.64
  77. 77Giuliano de' MediciGiuliano de' Medici1453–1478 · 15th century · Politicians0.62
  78. 78Marsilio FicinoMarsilio Ficino1433–1499 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Academics0.62
  79. 79Filippo VillaniFilippo Villani1325–1407 · 14th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.62
  80. 80Paulus ManutiusPaulus Manutius1512–1574 · 16th century · Writers0.61
  81. 81Catherine de' MediciCatherine de' Medici1519–1589 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures0.60
  82. 82Scipione AmmiratoScipione Ammirato1531–1601 · 16th century · Writers0.58
  83. 83Bernardino of SienaBernardino of Siena1380–1444 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Academics0.58
  84. 84Francesco FilelfoFrancesco Filelfo1398–1481 · 15th century · Academics0.56
  85. 85Andrea GrittiAndrea Gritti1455–1538 · 15th century · Politicians0.56
  86. 86PontormoPontormo1494–1556 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.52
  87. 87Antonio RosminiAntonio Rosmini1797–1855 · 19th century · Academics0.51
  88. 88Leon Battista AlbertiLeon Battista Alberti1404–1472 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Architects0.49
  89. 89Francesco FoscariFrancesco Foscari1373–1457 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Politicians0.47
  90. 90Giosuè CarducciGiosuè Carducci1835–1907 · 19th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.47
  91. 91Andrea DandoloAndrea Dandolo1306–1354 · 14th century · Politicians0.45
  92. 92Alessandro CagliostroAlessandro Cagliostro1743–1795 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors0.45
  93. 93Francesco VettoriFrancesco Vettori1474–1540 · 16th century · Writers0.45
  94. 94Leandro AlbertiLeandro Alberti1479–1552 · 16th century · Writers0.45
  95. 95Amerigo VespucciAmerigo Vespucci1454–1512 · 15th century · Historical Figures0.44
  96. 96Erasmo of NarniErasmo of Narni1370–1443 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy0.44
  97. 97Anton Maria SalviniAnton Maria Salvini1653–1729 · 17th century · Writers0.43
  98. 98MichelangeloMichelangelo1475–1564 · 16th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.43
  99. 99Francesca da RiminiFrancesca da Rimini1259–1285 · 13th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Writers0.42
  100. 100Antonio CanovaAntonio Canova1757–1822 · 18th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Artists0.42

Lived then

The most notable people whose working lives fell in the 19th century, ranked where Wikipedia coverage and readership agree.

CountryAll🇺🇸 United States🇫🇷 France🇩🇪 Germany🇬🇧 United Kingdom🇮🇹 Italy🇪🇸 Spain🇯🇵 Japan🇦🇹 Austria🇹🇷 Turkey🇸🇪 Sweden
FieldAllPoliticiansWritersHistorical FiguresScientistsAcademicsArtistsMusiciansDoctorsFoundersJournalists
  1. 1Thomas EdisonThomas Edison1847–1931 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists13 decades
  2. 2Alexander Graham BellAlexander Graham Bell1847–1922 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists15 decades
  3. 3Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee1807–1870 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists16 decades
  4. 4Samuel MorseSamuel Morse1791–1872 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists0 decades
  5. 5John MuirJohn Muir1838–1914 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists19 decades
  6. 6Samuel ColtSamuel Colt1814–1862 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists18 decades
  7. 7George Washington CarverGeorge Washington Carver1864–1943 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists9 decades
  8. 8Frederick Winslow TaylorFrederick Winslow Taylor1856–1915 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists8 decades
  9. 9Antonio MeucciAntonio Meucci1808–1889 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists14 decades
  10. 10John Stith PembertonJohn Stith Pemberton1831–1888 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists19 decades
  11. 11Robert FultonRobert Fulton1765–1815 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists22 decades
  12. 12Charles GoodyearCharles Goodyear1800–1860 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists19 decades
  13. 13Isaac SingerIsaac Singer1811–1875 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists0 decades
  14. 14George WestinghouseGeorge Westinghouse1846–1914 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists15 decades
  15. 15John Jacob Astor IVJohn Jacob Astor IV1864–1912 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists0 decades
  16. 16John BrowningJohn Browning1855–1926 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists16 decades
  17. 17Matthew C. PerryMatthew C. Perry1794–1858 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists9 decades
  18. 18George MeadeGeorge Meade1815–1872 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists13 decades
  19. 19SequoyahSequoyah1770–1843 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists16 decades
  20. 20Herman HollerithHerman Hollerith1860–1929 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists4 decades
  21. 21Josiah Willard GibbsJosiah Willard Gibbs1839–1903 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists5 decades
  22. 22Percival LowellPercival Lowell1855–1916 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists14 decades
  23. 23P. G. T. BeauregardP. G. T. Beauregard1818–1893 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientistsnot measured—
  24. 24James BowieJames Bowie1796–1836 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists18 decades
  25. 25Hiram MaximHiram Maxim1840–1916 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists0 decades
  26. 26Albert A. MichelsonAlbert A. Michelson1852–1931 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists0 decades
  27. 27Josephine CochraneJosephine Cochrane1839–1913 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists0 decades
  28. 28Edward Drinker CopeEdward Drinker Cope1840–1897 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists2 decades
  29. 29Emile BerlinerEmile Berliner1851–1929 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists4 decades
  30. 30Eli WhitneyEli Whitney1765–1825 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists21 decades
  31. 31Johnny AppleseedJohnny Appleseed1774–1845 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists13 decades
  32. 32John Wesley PowellJohn Wesley Powell1834–1902 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists12 decades
  33. 33Luther BurbankLuther Burbank1849–1926 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists13 decades
  34. 34Joseph HenryJoseph Henry1797–1878 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists22 decades
  35. 35Emily Warren RoeblingEmily Warren Roebling1843–1903 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists0 decades
  36. 36Annie Jump CannonAnnie Jump Cannon1863–1941 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists0 decades
  37. 37John DeereJohn Deere1804–1886 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists17 decades
  38. 38Mihajlo PupinMihajlo Pupin1858–1935 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists0 decades
  39. 39John Augustus RoeblingJohn Augustus Roebling1806–1869 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists0 decades
  40. 40Richard Jordan GatlingRichard Jordan Gatling1818–1903 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists0 decades
  41. 41Elisha GrayElisha Gray1835–1901 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists9 decades
  42. 42Henry GanttHenry Gantt1861–1919 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists0 decades
  43. 43Samuel Pierpont LangleySamuel Pierpont Langley1834–1906 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists0 decades
  44. 44Eunice Newton FooteEunice Newton Foote1819–1888 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists0 decades
  45. 45Elias HoweElias Howe1819–1866 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists17 decades
  46. 46Cyrus McCormickCyrus McCormick1809–1884 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists12 decades
  47. 47Lewis Howard LatimerLewis Howard Latimer1848–1928 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists0 decades
  48. 48Maria MitchellMaria Mitchell1818–1889 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists17 decades
  49. 49George PullmanGeorge Pullman1831–1897 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists7 decades
  50. 50Asa GrayAsa Gray1810–1888 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists19 decades
  51. 51Henry Fairfield OsbornHenry Fairfield Osborn1857–1935 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists11 decades
  52. 52Charles WilkesCharles Wilkes1798–1877 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists22 decades
  53. 53Constantine Samuel RafinesqueConstantine Samuel Rafinesque1783–1840 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists0 decades
  54. 54Matthew Fontaine MauryMatthew Fontaine Maury1806–1873 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists12 decades
  55. 55Eli LillyEli Lilly1838–1898 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientistsnot measured—
  56. 56George Washington Gale Ferris, Jr.George Washington Gale Ferris, Jr.1859–1896 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists0 decades
  57. 57Williamina FlemingWilliamina Fleming1857–1911 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists0 decades
  58. 58Asaph HallAsaph Hall1829–1907 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists7 decades
  59. 59Edmund Kirby SmithEdmund Kirby Smith1824–1893 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists3 decades
  60. 60Jacob W. DavisJacob W. Davis1831–1908 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientistsnot measured—
  61. 61Edwin HallEdwin Hall1855–1938 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists7 decades
  62. 62Alfred VailAlfred Vail1807–1859 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists8 decades
  63. 63Ellen Swallow RichardsEllen Swallow Richards1842–1911 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists0 decades
  64. 64Charles PfizerCharles Pfizer1824–1906 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientistsnot measured—
  65. 65Edward Emerson BarnardEdward Emerson Barnard1857–1923 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists0 decades
  66. 66Edwin DrakeEdwin Drake1819–1880 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientistsnot measured—
  67. 67Charles Martin HallCharles Martin Hall1863–1914 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists3 decades
  68. 68Granville Tailer WoodsGranville Tailer Woods1856–1910 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientistsnot measured—
  69. 69David Dunbar BuickDavid Dunbar Buick1854–1929 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientistsnot measured—
  70. 70Margaret E. KnightMargaret E. Knight1838–1914 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientistsnot measured—
  71. 71Sam LoydSam Loyd1841–1911 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists0 decades
  72. 72Morgan RobertsonMorgan Robertson1861–1915 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientistsnot measured—
  73. 73Edward W. MorleyEdward W. Morley1838–1923 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists2 decades
  74. 74Horace WellsHorace Wells1815–1848 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientistsnot measured—
  75. 75Ferdinand Vandeveer HaydenFerdinand Vandeveer Hayden1829–1887 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientistsnot measured—
  76. 76James Dwight DanaJames Dwight Dana1813–1895 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists8 decades
  77. 77Whitcomb L. JudsonWhitcomb L. Judson1846–1909 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientistsnot measured—
  78. 78Emma WillardEmma Willard1787–1870 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists20 decades
  79. 79William Smith ClarkWilliam Smith Clark1826–1886 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientistsnot measured—
  80. 80Henry M. LelandHenry M. Leland1843–1932 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientistsnot measured—
  81. 81Edward Porter AlexanderEdward Porter Alexander1835–1910 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientistsnot measured—
  82. 82Walter HuntWalter Hunt1796–1859 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientistsnot measured—
  83. 83Charles Doolittle WalcottCharles Doolittle Walcott1850–1927 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists4 decades
  84. 84Charles M. SchwabCharles M. Schwab1862–1939 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientistsnot measured—
  85. 85Edward Charles PickeringEdward Charles Pickering1846–1919 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists0 decades
  86. 86Gouverneur Kemble WarrenGouverneur Kemble Warren1830–1882 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientistsnot measured—
  87. 87Heinrich GöbelHeinrich Göbel1818–1893 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientistsnot measured—
  88. 88William Henry PickeringWilliam Henry Pickering1858–1938 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists0 decades
  89. 89William Barton RogersWilliam Barton Rogers1804–1882 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientistsnot measured—
  90. 90L. L. LangstrothL. L. Langstroth1810–1895 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists3 decades
  91. 91Thomas SayThomas Say1787–1834 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists20 decades
  92. 92John Wesley HyattJohn Wesley Hyatt1837–1920 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists1 decades
  93. 93James Buchanan EadsJames Buchanan Eads1820–1887 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientistsnot measured—
  94. 94John Taliaferro ThompsonJohn Taliaferro Thompson1860–1940 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientistsnot measured—
  95. 95George Washington GoethalsGeorge Washington Goethals1858–1928 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientistsnot measured—
  96. 96Liberty Hyde BaileyLiberty Hyde Bailey1858–1954 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientists10 decades
  97. 97Almon Brown StrowgerAlmon Brown Strowger1839–1902 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientistsnot measured—
  98. 98Jacob PerkinsJacob Perkins1766–1849 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientistsnot measured—
  99. 99William StanleyWilliam Stanley1858–1916 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientistsnot measured—
  100. 100John Strong NewberryJohn Strong Newberry1822–1892 · 🇺🇸 United States · Scientistsnot measured—

How this is measured

  • Placing people in time. Each person belongs to the century in which they were most active — around age 35, and never after their death.
  • Who ranks highest. Within a century, people are ranked where two independent signals agree: how many of the world’s Wikipedia language editions cover them, and how many people actually read about them. Article counts alone can be lifted by a person’s own circle; readers cannot.
  • Fame in print. The curves count how often a name appears in Google Books from 1800 to 2019, as a share of all the words printed each year, in the person’s own language wherever that corpus exists. Those decades are over, so each measurement is made once and kept.
  • What is left out. A lifetime is measured only from 1820, when there is enough print to judge; the five years after a death are skipped as obituaries; and a name shared with someone equally notable is credited to neither.