Claim profile
1800–1899

The 19th century

Whose names filled the books of the 19th century — anyone at all, however long dead — counted as mentions per million words printed, so a period that simply published more does not inflate anyone.

Talked about then

Whose names appeared most in French books during the 19th century — whenever they lived.

In books written inEnglish18,114German3,599French3,347Italian1,787Spanish1,162Russian325Hebrew105Chinese9
  1. 1VoltaireVoltaire1694–1778 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers37
  2. 2Louis XIV of FranceLouis XIV of France1638–1715 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures32
  3. 3Louis XVI of FranceLouis XVI of France1754–1793 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures16
  4. 4MolièreMolière1622–1673 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers15
  5. 5Louis XV of FranceLouis XV of France1710–1774 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures10
  6. 6MontesquieuMontesquieu1689–1755 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics7.7
  7. 7HIHenry II, Count of Euborn 1160 · 12th century · 🇫🇷 France5.7
  8. 8Henry II of FranceHenry II of France1519–1559 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians5.7
  9. 9Louis XVIII of FranceLouis XVIII of France1755–1824 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians5.7
  10. 10François FénelonFrançois Fénelon1651–1715 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures5.5
  11. 11Louis XII of FranceLouis XII of France1462–1515 · 15th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures5.2
  12. 12Victor HugoVictor Hugo1802–1885 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers3.3
  13. 13Charles X of FranceCharles X of France1757–1836 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians3.1
  14. 14Marie AntoinetteMarie Antoinette1755–1793 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures2.4
  15. 15Joan of ArcJoan of Arc1412–1431 · 15th century · 🇫🇷 France2.4
  16. 16Francis de SalesFrancis de Sales1567–1622 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures2.4
  17. 17Philip V of SpainPhilip V of Spain1683–1746 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians2.2
  18. 18Francis II of FranceFrancis II of France1544–1560 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.9
  19. 19Marie de' MediciMarie de' Medici1575–1642 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.9
  20. 20Napoleon IIINapoleon III1808–1873 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.9
  21. 21Vincent de PaulVincent de Paul1581–1660 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures1.9
  22. 22Pierre de Bourdeille, seigneur de BrantômePierre de Bourdeille, seigneur de Brantôme1540–1614 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.8
  23. 23Louis BlancLouis Blanc1811–1882 · 19th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians1.6
  24. 24Benjamin ConstantBenjamin Constant1767–1830 · 19th century · 🇨🇭 Switzerland · Politicians1.5
  25. 25Pope Julius IIPope Julius II1443–1513 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Religious Figures1.5
  26. 26Jules FavreJules Favre1809–1880 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.4
  27. 27Jules SimonJules Simon1814–1896 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.4
  28. 28Pierre de MarivauxPierre de Marivaux1688–1763 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.2
  29. 29Alexandre Dumas filsAlexandre Dumas fils1824–1895 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.1
  30. 30Jules FerryJules Ferry1832–1893 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.1
  31. 31Charles de Lorraine de VaudémontCharles de Lorraine de Vaudémont1561–1587 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures0.94
  32. 32Charles of LorraineCharles of Lorraine1567–1607 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France0.94
  33. 33Camille DesmoulinsCamille Desmoulins1760–1794 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Journalists0.90
  34. 34Pope John XXIIPope John XXII1244–1334 · 13th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures0.89
  35. 35Alexandre DumasAlexandre Dumas1802–1870 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.87
  36. 36George SandGeorge Sand1804–1876 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.85
  37. 37Firmin DidotFirmin Didot1764–1836 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.80
  38. 38Claude BernardClaude Bernard1813–1878 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.79
  39. 39Pope Clement VPope Clement V1264–1314 · 13th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures0.78
  40. 40Jean-Jacques RousseauJean-Jacques Rousseau1712–1778 · 18th century · 🇨🇭 Switzerland · Academics0.76
  41. 41Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de MaintenonFrançoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon1635–1719 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.76
  42. 42Odilon BarrotOdilon Barrot1791–1873 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.76
  43. 43Louis XVII of FranceLouis XVII of France1785–1795 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France0.73
  44. 44Louis BonaparteLouis Bonaparte1778–1846 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.73
  45. 45Anne of BrittanyAnne of Brittany1477–1514 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France0.73
  46. 46La GrangeLa Grange1635–1692 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Actors0.73
  47. 47Auguste ComteAuguste Comte1798–1857 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.69
  48. 48Charles the BoldCharles the Bold1433–1477 · 15th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.69
  49. 49Alfred de MussetAlfred de Musset1810–1857 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.68
  50. 50André ChénierAndré Chénier1762–1794 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.66
  51. 51Louis de Bourbon, Bishop of LiègeLouis de Bourbon, Bishop of Liège1438–1482 · 15th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.62
  52. 52Louis de Bourbon, Count of ClermontLouis de Bourbon, Count of Clermont1709–1771 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France0.62
  53. 53Louis, Count of VermandoisLouis, Count of Vermandois1667–1683 · 17th century0.62
  54. 54Louis, Count of SoissonsLouis, Count of Soissons1604–1641 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France0.62
  55. 55Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of PenthièvreLouis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre1725–1793 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.62
  56. 56Margaret of ValoisMargaret of Valois1553–1615 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.61
  57. 57Gustav III of SwedenGustav III of Sweden1746–1792 · 18th century · 🇸🇪 Sweden · Politicians0.58
  58. 58Théophile GautierThéophile Gautier1811–1872 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.57
  59. 59Diane de PoitiersDiane de Poitiers1499–1566 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France0.56
  60. 60Olivier de SerresOlivier de Serres1539–1619 · 16th century · Writers0.55
  61. 61NostradamusNostradamus1503–1566 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.53
  62. 62Jeanne d'AlbretJeanne d'Albret1528–1572 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.52
  63. 63Augustin ThierryAugustin Thierry1795–1856 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.52
  64. 64NapoleonNapoleon1769–1821 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures0.51
  65. 65Margaret of Austria, Duchess of SavoyMargaret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy1480–1530 · 16th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Artists0.49
  66. 66Joseph BonaparteJoseph Bonaparte1768–1844 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.49
  67. 67Charlotte CordayCharlotte Corday1768–1793 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures0.48
  68. 68Joseph de MaistreJoseph de Maistre1753–1821 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.48
  69. 69Ambroise ParéAmbroise Paré1510–1590 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors0.48
  70. 70Mary of BurgundyMary of Burgundy1457–1482 · 15th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.47
  71. 71Pierre CorneillePierre Corneille1606–1684 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.46
  72. 72StendhalStendhal1783–1842 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.45
  73. 73Claude MichelClaude Michel1738–1814 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Artists0.45
  74. 74Pierre LerouxPierre Leroux1797–1871 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.44
  75. 75Charles NodierCharles Nodier1780–1844 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.43
  76. 76Maine de BiranMaine de Biran1766–1824 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.43
  77. 77Lucien BonaparteLucien Bonaparte1775–1840 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.42
  78. 78Casimir DelavigneCasimir Delavigne1793–1843 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.42
  79. 79Charles, Count of SoissonsCharles, Count of Soissons1566–1612 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France0.40
  80. 80Louis RacineLouis Racine1692–1763 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.40
  81. 81Vincent of BeauvaisVincent of Beauvais1190–1264 · 13th century · Educators0.40
  82. 82Jean GoujonJean Goujon1510–1567 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Architects0.39
  83. 83Pope Urban VPope Urban V1310–1370 · 14th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures0.39
  84. 84Thomas CorneilleThomas Corneille1625–1709 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.38
  85. 85Horace VernetHorace Vernet1789–1863 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Artists0.38
  86. 86Gaston ParisGaston Paris1839–1903 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.37
  87. 87Antoine of NavarreAntoine of Navarre1518–1562 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.36
  88. 88Félix FaureFélix Faure1841–1899 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.36
  89. 89Jacques ClémentJacques Clément1567–1589 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France0.36
  90. 90Antoine Quentin Fouquier-TinvilleAntoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville1746–1795 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.36
  91. 91Pope Clement IVPope Clement IV1190–1268 · 13th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures0.35
  92. 92Pope Gregory XIPope Gregory XI1329–1378 · 14th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures0.35
  93. 93Charles DupinCharles Dupin1784–1873 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.35
  94. 94Napoléon, Prince ImperialNapoléon, Prince Imperial1856–1879 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.34
  95. 95Napoleon IINapoleon II1811–1832 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Designers0.33
  96. 96John of Luxembourg, Lord of BeauvoirJohn of Luxembourg, Lord of Beauvoir1370–1397 · 14th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.33
  97. 97Alfred de VignyAlfred de Vigny1797–1863 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.33
  98. 98Prince Philippe, Count of ParisPrince Philippe, Count of Paris1838–1894 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.32
  99. 99Blanche of CastileBlanche of Castile1188–1252 · 13th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Historical Figures0.32
  100. 100Camille JordanCamille Jordan1838–1922 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.32

Lived then

The most notable people whose working lives fell in the 19th century, ranked where Wikipedia coverage and readership agree.

CountryAll🇺🇸 United States🇫🇷 France🇩🇪 Germany🇬🇧 United Kingdom🇮🇹 Italy🇪🇸 Spain🇯🇵 Japan🇦🇹 Austria🇹🇷 Turkey🇸🇪 Sweden
FieldAllPoliticiansWritersHistorical FiguresScientistsAcademicsArtistsMusiciansDoctorsFoundersJournalists
  1. 1Frédéric ChopinFrédéric Chopin1810–1849 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians16 decades
  2. 2Claude DebussyClaude Debussy1862–1918 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians12 decades
  3. 3Hector BerliozHector Berlioz1803–1869 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians19 decades
  4. 4Georges BizetGeorges Bizet1838–1875 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians15 decades
  5. 5Jacques OffenbachJacques Offenbach1819–1880 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians16 decades
  6. 6Camille Saint-SaënsCamille Saint-Saëns1835–1921 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians15 decades
  7. 7Charles GounodCharles Gounod1818–1893 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians17 decades
  8. 8Gabriel FauréGabriel Fauré1845–1924 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians14 decades
  9. 9Jules MassenetJules Massenet1842–1912 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians14 decades
  10. 10Léo DelibesLéo Delibes1836–1891 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians16 decades
  11. 11Hortense de BeauharnaisHortense de Beauharnais1783–1837 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians20 decades
  12. 12Charles-Valentin AlkanCharles-Valentin Alkan1813–1888 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians0 decades
  13. 13Adolphe AdamAdolphe Adam1803–1856 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians19 decades
  14. 14Pauline ViardotPauline Viardot1821–1910 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians18 decades
  15. 15Charles-Marie WidorCharles-Marie Widor1844–1937 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians8 decades
  16. 16Ernest ChaussonErnest Chausson1855–1899 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians13 decades
  17. 17Édouard LaloÉdouard Lalo1823–1892 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians1 decades
  18. 18Cécile ChaminadeCécile Chaminade1857–1944 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians1 decades
  19. 19Emmanuel ChabrierEmmanuel Chabrier1841–1894 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians14 decades
  20. 20Vincent d'IndyVincent d'Indy1851–1931 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians14 decades
  21. 21Daniel AuberDaniel Auber1782–1871 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians0 decades
  22. 22Maria MalibranMaria Malibran1808–1836 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians7 decades
  23. 23Mélanie BonisMélanie Bonis1858–1937 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians1 decades
  24. 24Anton ReichaAnton Reicha1770–1836 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians0 decades
  25. 25Aristide BruantAristide Bruant1851–1925 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians13 decades
  26. 26Émile WaldteufelÉmile Waldteufel1837–1915 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians0 decades
  27. 27Fromental HalévyFromental Halévy1799–1862 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians4 decades
  28. 28Ambroise ThomasAmbroise Thomas1811–1896 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians19 decades
  29. 29Gaspare SpontiniGaspare Spontini1774–1851 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians16 decades
  30. 30Louise FarrencLouise Farrenc1804–1875 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  31. 31Friedrich BurgmüllerFriedrich Burgmüller1806–1874 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  32. 32François Adrien BoieldieuFrançois Adrien Boieldieu1775–1834 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians0 decades
  33. 33Rodolphe KreutzerRodolphe Kreutzer1766–1831 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians9 decades
  34. 34Augusta HolmèsAugusta Holmès1847–1903 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  35. 35Henri DuparcHenri Duparc1848–1933 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians12 decades
  36. 36Gabriel PiernéGabriel Pierné1863–1937 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians13 decades
  37. 37André MessagerAndré Messager1853–1929 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians14 decades
  38. 38Théodore DuboisThéodore Dubois1837–1924 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians15 decades
  39. 39Alexandre GuilmantAlexandre Guilmant1837–1911 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians13 decades
  40. 40Gustave CharpentierGustave Charpentier1860–1956 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians13 decades
  41. 41Emma CalvéEmma Calvé1858–1942 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians11 decades
  42. 42Léon BoëllmannLéon Boëllmann1862–1897 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  43. 43François SudreFrançois Sudre1787–1862 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  44. 44Benjamin GodardBenjamin Godard1849–1895 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  45. 45George OnslowGeorge Onslow1784–1853 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  46. 46Jules PerrotJules Perrot1810–1892 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians2 decades
  47. 47Suzanne ManetSuzanne Manet1829–1906 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  48. 48Ferdinand HéroldFerdinand Hérold1791–1833 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  49. 49Célestine Galli-MariéCélestine Galli-Marié1837–1905 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  50. 50Ernest GuiraudErnest Guiraud1837–1892 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians13 decades
  51. 51Henri HerzHenri Herz1802–1888 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  52. 52François DelsarteFrançois Delsarte1811–1871 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  53. 53Charles LecocqCharles Lecocq1832–1918 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  54. 54Guy RopartzGuy Ropartz1864–1955 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  55. 55Charles-Louis HanonCharles-Louis Hanon1819–1900 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  56. 56Marie JaëllMarie Jaëll1846–1925 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  57. 57Pierre RodePierre Rode1774–1830 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  58. 58Henry LitolffHenry Litolff1818–1891 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  59. 59Antoine-François MarmontelAntoine-François Marmontel1816–1898 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians0 decades
  60. 60Alfred Lefébure-WélyAlfred Lefébure-Wély1817–1869 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  61. 61Eugène GigoutEugène Gigout1844–1925 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  62. 62Philipp von FerraryPhilipp von Ferrary1850–1917 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  63. 63Maurice EmmanuelMaurice Emmanuel1862–1938 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  64. 64Juliette Colbert de BaroloJuliette Colbert de Barolo1785–1864 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  65. 65Marie PleyelMarie Pleyel1811–1875 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  66. 66Charles DanclaCharles Dancla1817–1907 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  67. 67Arthur Saint-LéonArthur Saint-Léon1821–1870 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  68. 68Auguste FranchommeAuguste Franchomme1808–1884 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  69. 69Louis Théodore GouvyLouis Théodore Gouvy1819–1898 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  70. 70Nicolas-Charles BochsaNicolas-Charles Bochsa1789–1856 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  71. 71Paul TaffanelPaul Taffanel1844–1908 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  72. 72Jean-Baptiste ArbanJean-Baptiste Arban1825–1889 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  73. 73Napoléon CosteNapoléon Coste1805–1883 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  74. 74HervéHervé1825–1892 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  75. 75Clémence de GrandvalClémence de Grandval1828–1907 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  76. 76Arnold DolmetschArnold Dolmetsch1858–1940 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  77. 77Robert PlanquetteRobert Planquette1848–1903 · 🇫🇷 France · Musicians3 decades
  78. 78Adolphe NourritAdolphe Nourrit1802–1839 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  79. 79Félicien-César DavidFélicien-César David1810–1876 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  80. 80Pierre BaillotPierre Baillot1771–1842 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  81. 81André GedalgeAndré Gedalge1856–1926 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  82. 82Louis DiémerLouis Diémer1843–1919 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  83. 83Gilbert DuprezGilbert Duprez1806–1896 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  84. 84Jean-Baptiste FaureJean-Baptiste Faure1830–1914 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  85. 85Victor MasséVictor Massé1822–1884 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  86. 86Paul VidalPaul Vidal1863–1931 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  87. 87Camille PleyelCamille Pleyel1788–1855 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  88. 88Cornélie FalconCornélie Falcon1814–1897 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  89. 89Jean-Delphin AlardJean-Delphin Alard1815–1888 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  90. 90Ernest ReyerErnest Reyer1823–1909 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  91. 91Victor MaurelVictor Maurel1848–1923 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  92. 92Alfred BruneauAlfred Bruneau1857–1934 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  93. 93Marie BigotMarie Bigot1786–1820 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  94. 94Raoul PugnoRaoul Pugno1852–1914 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  95. 95Jacques Féréol MazasJacques Féréol Mazas1782–1849 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  96. 96Ernest GoüinErnest Goüin1815–1885 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  97. 97Isidor PhilippIsidor Philipp1863–1958 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  98. 98François HabeneckFrançois Habeneck1781–1849 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  99. 99Nicolas IsouardNicolas Isouard1775–1818 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—
  100. 100Albert LavignacAlbert Lavignac1846–1916 · 🇫🇷 France · Musiciansnot measured—

How this is measured

  • Placing people in time. Each person belongs to the century in which they were most active — around age 35, and never after their death.
  • Who ranks highest. Within a century, people are ranked where two independent signals agree: how many of the world’s Wikipedia language editions cover them, and how many people actually read about them. Article counts alone can be lifted by a person’s own circle; readers cannot.
  • Fame in print. The curves count how often a name appears in Google Books from 1800 to 2019, as a share of all the words printed each year, in the person’s own language wherever that corpus exists. Those decades are over, so each measurement is made once and kept.
  • What is left out. A lifetime is measured only from 1820, when there is enough print to judge; the five years after a death are skipped as obituaries; and a name shared with someone equally notable is credited to neither.