Mustafa II

Mustafa II was born on 6 February 1664 into the Ottoman dynasty. He became sultan in 1695, inheriting an empire no longer assured of its old dominance. His reign lasted eight years, spanning the final stretch of the seventeenth century and the opening of the eighteenth. On 29 December 1703, his rule ended — whether by abdication, deposition, or death, the record here doesn't say, but the date marks the close of a sultanate that sat at the edge of a larger reckoning.