1900–1999
The 20th century
Whose names filled the books of the 20th century — anyone at all, however long dead — counted as mentions per million words printed, so a period that simply published more does not inflate anyone.
Talked about then
Whose names appeared most in German books during the 20th century — whenever they lived.
In books written inEnglish28,219German4,127French3,913Italian2,072Spanish1,601Russian838Chinese282Hebrew149
#PersonIn print, 1800–2019Per million words
- 1
Frederick William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt1700–1771 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany8.0 - 2
Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg1620–1688 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures8.0 - 3
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Frederick William, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen1663–1735 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures8.0 - 4
Frederick William of Saxe-Meiningen1679–1746 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures8.0 - 5
Thomas Mann1875–1955 · 20th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers6.1 - 6
Novalis1772–1801 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers5.5 - 7
Karl Marx1818–1883 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics4.7 - 8
Jean Paul1763–1825 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers4.3 - 9
Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg1676–1732 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians3.3 - 10
Frederick II, Elector Palatine1482–1556 · 16th century3.3 - 11
Frederick II of Legnica1480–1547 · 16th century3.3 - 12
Frederick II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg1418–1478 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures3.3 - 13
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Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg1633–1708 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany3.3 - 14
Friedrich II, Grand Duke of Baden1857–1928 · 19th century · Historical Figures3.3 - 15
Johann Georg, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels1677–1712 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.9 - 16
John George, Elector of Brandenburg1525–1598 · 16th century · Religious Figures2.9 - 17
John Frederick, Count Palatine of Sulzbach-Hilpoltstein1587–1644 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany2.8 - 18
John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach1654–1686 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models2.8 - 19
John Frederick, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt1721–1767 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.8 - 20
John Frederick, Duke of Württemberg1582–1628 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.8 - 21
John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg1625–1679 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.8 - 22
John Frederick, Duke of Pomerania1542–1600 · 16th century · Religious Figures2.8 - 23
Adolf Hitler1889–1945 · 20th century · 🇦🇹 Austria · Politicians2.6 - 24
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William II, Duke of Jülich1325–1393 · 14th century · Historical Figures2.6 - 25
William II of Hesse-Kassel1777–1847 · 19th century · Historical Figures2.6 - 26
Wilhelm II, German Emperor1859–1941 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.6 - 27WIWilliam II, Margrave of Meissen1371–1425 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.6
- 28WIWilliam II of Jülich1200–1207 · 13th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.6
- 29
William II, Duke of Bavaria1365–1417 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany2.6 - 30WIWilliam II, Count of Weimar930–1003 · 10th century · 🇩🇪 Germany2.6
- 31
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Wilhelm II of Württemberg1848–1921 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.6 - 32
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William II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg1300–1369 · 14th century · Historical Figures2.6 - 33
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Maria Theresa1717–1780 · 18th century · 🇦🇹 Austria · Historical Figures2.5 - 34
Max Weber1864–1920 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics2.5 - 35
Paracelsus1493–1541 · 16th century · 🇨🇭 Switzerland · Doctors2.5 - 36
Richard Wagner1813–1883 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Musicians2.4 - 37
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Friedrich Engels1820–1895 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Academics2.3 - 38
William, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg1648–1725 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany2.0 - 39
William I, German Emperor1797–1888 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.0 - 40
William the Silent1533–1584 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians2.0 - 41WIWilliam I of Weimar900–963 · 10th century · 🇩🇪 Germany2.0
- 42
William I, Elector of Hesse1743–1821 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.0 - 43
William I, Count of Nassau-Siegen1487–1559 · 16th century2.0 - 44
William I, Duke of Bavaria1330–1389 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians2.0 - 45
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William I1343–1407 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.0 - 46
Wilhelm I of Württemberg1781–1864 · 19th century · Historical Figures2.0 - 47
Friedrich Schlegel1772–1829 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers1.8 - 48
Henry IV, Duke of Mecklenburg1417–1477 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.8 - 49HIHenry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen1460–1526 · 15th century · Historical Figures1.8
- 50HIHenry IV, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg1397–1427 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.8
- 51
Erich Honecker1912–1994 · 20th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians1.7 - 52
Heinrich Mann1871–1950 · 20th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers1.7 - 53
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Martin Luther1483–1546 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Religious Figures1.6 - 54
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Karl Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg1668–1721 · 18th century · Historical Figures1.6 - 55
Charles Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen1712–1743 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.6 - 56
Carl Friedrich I, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach1783–1853 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.6 - 57
Heinrich Heine1797–1856 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers1.6 - 58
Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg1699–1772 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.5 - 59
Frederick III, Burgrave of Nuremberg1220–1297 · 13th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.5 - 60
Frederick III, Prince of Salm-Kyrburg1744–1794 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.5 - 61
Frederick III of Legnica1520–1570 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.5 - 62
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Frederick III, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp1597–1659 · 17th century · Historical Figures1.5 - 63
Frederick III, German Emperor1831–1888 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians1.5 - 64
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Frederick III, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg1673–1746 · 18th century · Politicians1.5 - 65
Friedrich III, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth1711–1763 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models1.5 - 66
Frederick III, Margrave of Baden1327–1353 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models1.5 - 67
Frederick III of the Palatinate1515–1576 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models1.5 - 68
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Charles Augustus, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach1757–1828 · 18th century · Politicians1.5 - 69
Karl Kraus1874–1936 · 20th century · 🇦🇹 Austria · Writers1.5 - 70
Walter Ulbricht1893–1973 · 20th century · Politicians1.4 - 71
Hans Sachs1494–1576 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers1.4 - 72
William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel1532–1592 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Scientists1.4 - 73
Gottfried Keller1819–1890 · 19th century · 🇨🇭 Switzerland · Writers1.4 - 74
Rosa Luxemburg1871–1919 · 20th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Activists1.4 - 75
Gerhart Hauptmann1862–1946 · 19th century · Writers1.4 - 76
Gustav Adolph, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow1633–1695 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers1.3 - 77
Frederick I1425–1476 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians1.3 - 78
Frederick I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel1357–1400 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.3 - 79
Frederick I of Prussia1657–1713 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians1.3 - 80
Frederick I of Liegnitz1446–1488 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.3 - 81
Friedrich I, Grand Duke of Baden1826–1907 · 19th century · Historical Figures1.3 - 82
Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg1371–1440 · 15th century1.3 - 83
Duke Friedrich I, Duke of Anhalt1831–1904 · 19th century · Historical Figures1.3 - 84
Frederick I, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg1585–1638 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.3 - 85
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Frederick I of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg1646–1691 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.3 - 86
Frederick I, Count Palatine of Simmern1417–1480 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.3 - 87
Tannhäuser1300–1300 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers1.3 - 88
Henry II, Landgrave of Hesse1299–1376 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.3 - 89HIHenry II, Count of Gorizia1150–1150 · 12th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.3
- 90
Henry II, Duke of Bavaria951–995 · 10th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.3 - 91HIHenry II, Margrave of Meissen1103–1123 · 12th century · Models1.3
- 92HIHenry II of Augsburg1001–1063 · 11th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Religious Figures1.3
- 93
Henry II, Count of Reuss-Gera1572–1635 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.3 - 94HIHenry II, Lord of Mecklenburg1262–1329 · 13th century · Historical Figures1.3
- 95HIHenry II, Duke of Limburg1110–1167 · 12th century · Historical Figures1.3
- 96
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Henry V, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg1489–1568 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.3 - 97
Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor1316–1378 · 14th century · Historical Figures1.3 - 98
Augustus William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg1662–1731 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.2 - 99
Augustus William, Duke of Brunswick-Bevern1715–1781 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.2 - 100WIWilliam III, Count of Weimar1000–1039 · 11th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.2
Lived then
The most notable people whose working lives fell in the 20th century, ranked where Wikipedia coverage and readership agree.
#PersonIn print, 1800–2019Echoed
- 1
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Todd McFarlaneborn 1961 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 2
Yousuf Karsh1908–2002 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 3
Maud Lewis1903–1970 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 4
Emily Carr1871–1945 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 5
Agnes Martin1912–2004 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 6
Tom Thomson1877–1917 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 7
John Howeborn 1957 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 8
Jeff Wallborn 1946 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 9
Alex Colville1920–2013 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 10
Jean Paul Riopelle1923–2002 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 11
Zahra Kazemi1949–2003 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 12RGRob Gonsalves1959–2017 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured—
- 13
Bill Reid1920–1998 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 14
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Belinda Montgomeryborn 1950 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 15
Toller Cranston1949–2015 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 16
Kenojuak Ashevak1927–2013 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 17
Ted Nasmithborn 1956 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 18
Norval Morrisseau1933–2007 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 19
A. Y. Jackson1882–1974 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 20
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Edward Burtynskyborn 1955 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 21
Franklin Carmichael1890–1945 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 22
Helen McNicoll1879–1915 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 23
C. D. Howe1886–1960 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 24APAl Pease1921–2014 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured—
- 25
Gregory Colbertborn 1960 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 26
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Lawren Harris1885–1970 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 27
A. J. Casson1898–1992 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 28
Rawi Hageborn 1964 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 29
Lynn Johnstonborn 1947 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 30
Fiona Staplesborn 1950 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 31
Frank Johnston1888–1949 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 32
Clarence Gagnon1881–1942 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 33
Frederick Varley1881–1969 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 34
Stan Douglasborn 1960 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 35
Daphne Odjig1919–2016 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 36
Marcel Barbeau1925–2016 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 37
R. Tait McKenzie1867–1938 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 38
Paul-Émile Borduas1905–1960 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 39
Raoul Barré1874–1932 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 40
Carol Dunlop1946–1982 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 41
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James Wilson Morrice1865–1924 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 42
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Maurice Galbraith Cullen1866–1934 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 43
Richard Hambleton1952–2017 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 44
P. K. Page1916–2010 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 45
Christopher Pratt1935–2022 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 46
Marcelle Ferron1924–2001 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 47
Marc-Aurèle de Foy Suzor-Coté1869–1937 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 48
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Claude Lafortune1936–2020 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 49FHFred Herzog1930–2019 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured—
- 50SBSusanna Bluntborn 1941 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured—
- 51
Doris McCarthy1910–2010 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 52
Edwin Holgate1892–1977 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 53
Mimi Parent1924–2005 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 54
Boardman Robinson1876–1952 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 55
Aileen Meagher1910–1987 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 56
Ken Lumborn 1956 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 57
Dorothea Rockburneborn 1929 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 58
Rebecca Belmoreborn 1960 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 59
Jack Bush1909–1977 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured—
- 60
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Molly Bobak1920–2014 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 61
Anne Savage1896–1971 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 62
Shani Mootooborn 1957 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 63
Allan Brooks1869–1946 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 64
Alfred Pellan1906–1988 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 65
Françoise Sullivanborn 1923 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 66JBJean Benoît1922–2010 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured—
- 67
Jack Goldstein1945–2003 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 68
Mary Pratt1935–2018 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 69
Dana Claxtonborn 1959 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 70
Sophie Pemberton1869–1959 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 71
Jana Sterbakborn 1955 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 72
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John William Beatty1869–1941 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 73
Margaret Watkins1884–1969 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 74LTLarry Towellborn 1953 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured—
- 75
Paraskeva Clark1898–1986 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 76
Paul Hartalborn 1936 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 77
Lynne Cohen1944–2014 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 78
Suzy Lakeborn 1947 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 79
Shuvinai Ashoonaborn 1961 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 80PSPaul Snider1951–1980 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured—
- 81JRJens Rosing1925–2008 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured—
- 82
Betty Goodwin1923–2008 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 83
Clara Sipprell1885–1975 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 84
Caroline Armington1875–1939 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 85
Robert Batemanborn 1930 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 86LALouis Archambault1915–2003 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured—
- 87GCGeneviève Cadieuxborn 1955 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured—
- 88
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Henriette Valium1959–2021 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 89
Kathleen Morris1893–1986 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 90
Lucy Qinnuayuak1915–1982 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 91CKClyde Klotzborn 1961 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured—
- 92
Benjamin Chee Chee1944–1977 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 93IMIsabella Mary Abbott1890–1955 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured—
- 94
Micheline Beauchemin1929–2009 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 95
Madeleine Arbour1923–2024 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 96ADAlma Duncan1917–2004 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured—
- 97GMGuido Molinari1933–2004 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured—
- 98
Walter Seymour Allward1876–1955 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 99
Hans Blohm1927–2021 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured— - 100
Peter Flinsch1920–2010 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Artistsnot measured—
How this is measured
- Placing people in time. Each person belongs to the century in which they were most active — around age 35, and never after their death.
- Who ranks highest. Within a century, people are ranked where two independent signals agree: how many of the world’s Wikipedia language editions cover them, and how many people actually read about them. Article counts alone can be lifted by a person’s own circle; readers cannot.
- Fame in print. The curves count how often a name appears in Google Books from 1800 to 2019, as a share of all the words printed each year, in the person’s own language wherever that corpus exists. Those decades are over, so each measurement is made once and kept.
- What is left out. A lifetime is measured only from 1820, when there is enough print to judge; the five years after a death are skipped as obituaries; and a name shared with someone equally notable is credited to neither.