1800–1899
The 19th century
Whose names filled the books of the 19th century — anyone at all, however long dead — counted as mentions per million words printed, so a period that simply published more does not inflate anyone.
Talked about then
Whose names appeared most in French books during the 19th century — whenever they lived.
In books written inEnglish18,114German3,599French3,347Italian1,787Spanish1,162Russian325Hebrew105Chinese9
#PersonIn print, 1800–2019Per million words
- 1
Voltaire1694–1778 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers37 - 2
Louis XIV of France1638–1715 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures32 - 3
Louis XVI of France1754–1793 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures16 - 4
Molière1622–1673 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers15 - 5
Louis XV of France1710–1774 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures10 - 6
Montesquieu1689–1755 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics7.7 - 7HIHenry II, Count of Euborn 1160 · 12th century · 🇫🇷 France5.7
- 8
Henry II of France1519–1559 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians5.7 - 9
Louis XVIII of France1755–1824 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians5.7 - 10
François Fénelon1651–1715 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures5.5
- 11
Louis XII of France1462–1515 · 15th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures5.2 - 12
Victor Hugo1802–1885 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers3.3 - 13
Charles X of France1757–1836 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians3.1 - 14
Marie Antoinette1755–1793 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures2.4 - 15
Joan of Arc1412–1431 · 15th century · 🇫🇷 France2.4 - 16
Francis de Sales1567–1622 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures2.4 - 17
Philip V of Spain1683–1746 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians2.2 - 18
Francis II of France1544–1560 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.9 - 19
Marie de' Medici1575–1642 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.9
- 20
Napoleon III1808–1873 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.9 - 21
Vincent de Paul1581–1660 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures1.9 - 22
Pierre de Bourdeille, seigneur de Brantôme1540–1614 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.8 - 23
Louis Blanc1811–1882 · 19th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians1.6 - 24
Benjamin Constant1767–1830 · 19th century · 🇨🇭 Switzerland · Politicians1.5 - 25
Pope Julius II1443–1513 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Religious Figures1.5 - 26
Jules Favre1809–1880 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.4 - 27
Jules Simon1814–1896 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.4 - 28
Pierre de Marivaux1688–1763 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.2 - 29
Alexandre Dumas fils1824–1895 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.1 - 30
Jules Ferry1832–1893 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.1 - 31
Charles of Lorraine1567–1607 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France0.94 - 32
Charles de Lorraine de Vaudémont1561–1587 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures0.94
- 33
Camille Desmoulins1760–1794 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Journalists0.90 - 34
Pope John XXII1244–1334 · 13th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures0.89
- 35
Alexandre Dumas1802–1870 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.87 - 36
George Sand1804–1876 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.85
- 37
Firmin Didot1764–1836 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.80 - 38
Claude Bernard1813–1878 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.79 - 39
Pope Clement V1264–1314 · 13th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures0.78
- 40
Jean-Jacques Rousseau1712–1778 · 18th century · 🇨🇭 Switzerland · Academics0.76 - 41
Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon1635–1719 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.76 - 42
Odilon Barrot1791–1873 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.76 - 43
Louis XVII of France1785–1795 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France0.73 - 44
Louis Bonaparte1778–1846 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.73 - 45
Anne of Brittany1477–1514 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France0.73 - 46
La Grange1635–1692 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Actors0.73 - 47
Auguste Comte1798–1857 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.69 - 48
Charles the Bold1433–1477 · 15th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.69 - 49
Alfred de Musset1810–1857 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.68 - 50
André Chénier1762–1794 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.66 - 51
Louis, Count of Soissons1604–1641 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France0.62 - 52
Louis, Count of Vermandois1667–1683 · 17th century0.62 - 53
Louis de Bourbon, Count of Clermont1709–1771 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France0.62 - 54
Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre1725–1793 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.62 - 55
Louis de Bourbon, Bishop of Liège1438–1482 · 15th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.62 - 56
Margaret of Valois1553–1615 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.61 - 57
Gustav III of Sweden1746–1792 · 18th century · 🇸🇪 Sweden · Politicians0.58 - 58
Théophile Gautier1811–1872 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.57 - 59
Diane de Poitiers1499–1566 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France0.56 - 60
Olivier de Serres1539–1619 · 16th century · Writers0.55 - 61
Nostradamus1503–1566 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.53 - 62
Jeanne d'Albret1528–1572 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.52 - 63
Augustin Thierry1795–1856 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.52 - 64
Napoleon1769–1821 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures0.51 - 65
Margaret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy1480–1530 · 16th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Artists0.49 - 66
Joseph Bonaparte1768–1844 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.49 - 67
Charlotte Corday1768–1793 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures0.48
- 68
Joseph de Maistre1753–1821 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.48 - 69
Ambroise Paré1510–1590 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors0.48 - 70
Mary of Burgundy1457–1482 · 15th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.47 - 71
Pierre Corneille1606–1684 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.46 - 72
Stendhal1783–1842 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.45 - 73
Claude Michel1738–1814 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Artists0.45 - 74
Pierre Leroux1797–1871 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.44 - 75
Charles Nodier1780–1844 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.43 - 76
Maine de Biran1766–1824 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.43 - 77
Lucien Bonaparte1775–1840 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.42 - 78
Casimir Delavigne1793–1843 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.42 - 79
Charles, Count of Soissons1566–1612 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France0.40 - 80
Louis Racine1692–1763 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.40 - 81
Vincent of Beauvais1190–1264 · 13th century · Educators0.40 - 82
Jean Goujon1510–1567 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Architects0.39 - 83
Pope Urban V1310–1370 · 14th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures0.39 - 84
Thomas Corneille1625–1709 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.38 - 85
Horace Vernet1789–1863 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Artists0.38 - 86
Gaston Paris1839–1903 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.37 - 87
Antoine of Navarre1518–1562 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.36 - 88
Félix Faure1841–1899 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.36 - 89
Jacques Clément1567–1589 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France0.36 - 90
Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville1746–1795 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.36 - 91
Pope Clement IV1190–1268 · 13th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures0.35
- 92
Pope Gregory XI1329–1378 · 14th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures0.35 - 93
Charles Dupin1784–1873 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.35 - 94
Napoléon, Prince Imperial1856–1879 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.34 - 95
Napoleon II1811–1832 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Designers0.33 - 96
John of Luxembourg, Lord of Beauvoir1370–1397 · 14th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.33 - 97
Alfred de Vigny1797–1863 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.33 - 98
Prince Philippe, Count of Paris1838–1894 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.32 - 99
Blanche of Castile1188–1252 · 13th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Historical Figures0.32 - 100
Camille Jordan1838–1922 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.32
Lived then
The most notable people whose working lives fell in the 19th century, ranked where Wikipedia coverage and readership agree.
#PersonIn print, 1800–2019Echoed
- 1
Edgar Allan Poe1809–1849 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers17 decades - 2
Mark Twain1835–1910 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers16 decades - 3
Henry David Thoreau1817–1862 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers13 decades - 4
Harriet Tubman1821–1913 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers9 decades - 5
Emily Dickinson1830–1886 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers13 decades - 6
Walt Whitman1819–1892 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers17 decades - 7
Herman Melville1819–1891 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers18 decades - 8
Henry James1843–1916 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers18 decades - 9
Louisa May Alcott1832–1888 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers14 decades - 10
Frederick Douglass1818–1895 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers18 decades - 11
Nathaniel Hawthorne1804–1864 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers19 decades - 12
Harriet Beecher Stowe1811–1896 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers17 decades - 13
James Fenimore Cooper1789–1851 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers18 decades - 14
Edith Wharton1862–1937 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers13 decades - 15
Washington Irving1783–1859 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers22 decades - 16
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow1807–1882 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers18 decades - 17
Buffalo Bill1846–1917 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers15 decades - 18
Susan B. Anthony1820–1906 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers16 decades - 19
L. Frank Baum1856–1919 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers8 decades - 20
Sojourner Truth1797–1883 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers13 decades - 21
William Tecumseh Sherman1820–1891 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers14 decades - 22
Frances Hodgson Burnett1849–1924 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers15 decades - 23
O. Henry1862–1910 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers14 decades - 24
Ellen G. White1827–1915 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers6 decades - 25
Charles Taze Russell1852–1916 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers0 decades - 26
Charlotte Perkins Gilman1860–1935 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers9 decades - 27
Elizabeth Cady Stanton1815–1902 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers15 decades - 28
Kate Chopin1850–1904 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers8 decades - 29
Mary Baker Eddy1821–1910 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers13 decades - 30
Margaret Fuller1810–1850 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers18 decades - 31
Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.1809–1894 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers19 decades - 32
Clara Barton1821–1912 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers15 decades - 33
Francis Scott Key1779–1843 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers14 decades - 34
Alfred Thayer Maan1840–1914 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writersnot measured— - 35
Albert Pike1809–1891 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers18 decades - 36
Jeanette Jerome1854–1921 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers0 decades - 37
Louisa Adams1775–1852 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers0 decades - 38
Julia Ward Howe1819–1910 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers16 decades - 39
Elbert Green Hubbard1856–1915 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers0 decades - 40
Charles J. Guiteau1841–1882 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers1 decades - 41
Emma Lazarus1849–1887 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers15 decades - 42
Elizabeth Ann Seton1774–1821 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers2 decades - 43
Ernest Thompson Seton1860–1946 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers12 decades - 44
Lucretia Mott1793–1880 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers18 decades
- 45
Dolley Madison1768–1849 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers7 decades - 46
Thomas Mayne Reid1818–1883 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers0 decades - 47
Bret Harte1836–1902 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers16 decades - 48
Dorothea Dix1802–1887 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers13 decades - 49
Horatio Alger1832–1899 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers16 decades - 50
A. E. Waite1857–1942 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers2 decades
- 51
Carrie Nation1846–1911 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers8 decades - 52
George Dewey1837–1917 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers15 decades - 53
John Greenleaf Whittier1807–1892 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers16 decades - 54
Harriet Jacobs1815–1897 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers3 decades - 55
William Cullen Bryant1794–1878 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers20 decades - 56
James Russell Lowell1819–1891 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers18 decades - 57
Allan Pinkerton1819–1884 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers13 decades - 58
Edward Bellamy1850–1898 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers16 decades - 59
Virginia Eliza Clemm Poe1822–1847 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writersnot measured— - 60
Frederick Jackson Turner1861–1932 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers12 decades - 61
Henry Steel Olcott1832–1907 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers0 decades - 62
Joshua Slocum1844–1909 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers6 decades - 63
Charles Grandison Finney1792–1875 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers5 decades - 64
Oliver Otis Howard1830–1909 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers4 decades - 65
Sylvester Graham1794–1851 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers8 decades - 66
Juliette Gordon Low1860–1927 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers0 decades - 67
Katharine Lee Bates1859–1929 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers6 decades - 68
William Dean Howells1837–1920 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers14 decades - 69
Mirabeau B. Lamar1798–1859 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers6 decades - 70
Archibald Gracie IV1859–1912 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writersnot measured— - 71
William Hickling Prescott1796–1859 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers8 decades - 72
Frederick Russell Burnham1861–1947 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers0 decades - 73
Anna J. Cooper1858–1964 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers0 decades - 74
Naftali Herz Imber1856–1909 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers0 decades - 75
Wilhelm Weitling1808–1871 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers14 decades - 76
Varina Davis1826–1906 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writersnot measured— - 77
Henrietta Szold1860–1945 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers11 decades - 78
Lydia Maria Child1802–1880 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers16 decades - 79
Ella Wheeler Wilcox1850–1919 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers13 decades - 80
Sarah Josepha Hale1788–1879 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers7 decades - 81
Frances Ellen Watkins Harper1825–1911 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers3 decades - 82
Andrew Dickson White1832–1918 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers13 decades - 83
George Washington Williams1849–1891 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writersnot measured— - 84
Frances Willard1839–1898 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers14 decades - 85
Sarah Grimké1792–1873 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers1 decades - 86
Sarah Orne Jewett1849–1909 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers14 decades - 87
Henry van Dyke1852–1933 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers8 decades - 88
Caroline Ingalls1839–1924 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writersnot measured— - 89
Sidney Lanier1842–1881 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers15 decades - 90
John Burroughs1837–1921 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writersnot measured— - 91
Richard Henry Dana1815–1882 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers16 decades - 92
William Chester Minor1834–1920 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writersnot measured— - 93
Mary Mapes Dodge1831–1905 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers10 decades - 94
Edward Everett Hale1822–1909 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers16 decades - 95
Laura Bridgman1829–1889 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writersnot measured— - 96
Sarah Winnemucca1844–1891 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers4 decades - 97
Catharine Beecher1800–1878 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writersnot measured— - 98
William Gillette1853–1937 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writersnot measured— - 99
Charles Brockden Brown1771–1810 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers21 decades - 100
John Watson Foster1836–1917 · 🇺🇸 United States · Writers0 decades
How this is measured
- Placing people in time. Each person belongs to the century in which they were most active — around age 35, and never after their death.
- Who ranks highest. Within a century, people are ranked where two independent signals agree: how many of the world’s Wikipedia language editions cover them, and how many people actually read about them. Article counts alone can be lifted by a person’s own circle; readers cannot.
- Fame in print. The curves count how often a name appears in Google Books from 1800 to 2019, as a share of all the words printed each year, in the person’s own language wherever that corpus exists. Those decades are over, so each measurement is made once and kept.
- What is left out. A lifetime is measured only from 1820, when there is enough print to judge; the five years after a death are skipped as obituaries; and a name shared with someone equally notable is credited to neither.