1800–1899
The 19th century
Whose names filled the books of the 19th century — anyone at all, however long dead — counted as mentions per million words printed, so a period that simply published more does not inflate anyone.
Talked about then
Whose names appeared most in French books during the 19th century — whenever they lived.
In books written inEnglish18,114German3,599French3,347Italian1,787Spanish1,162Russian325Hebrew105Chinese9
#PersonIn print, 1800–2019Per million words
- 1
Voltaire1694–1778 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers37 - 2
Louis XIV of France1638–1715 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures32 - 3
Louis XVI of France1754–1793 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures16 - 4
Molière1622–1673 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers15 - 5
Louis XV of France1710–1774 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures10 - 6
Montesquieu1689–1755 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics7.7 - 7HIHenry II, Count of Euborn 1160 · 12th century · 🇫🇷 France5.7
- 8
Henry II of France1519–1559 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians5.7 - 9
Louis XVIII of France1755–1824 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians5.7 - 10
François Fénelon1651–1715 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures5.5
- 11
Louis XII of France1462–1515 · 15th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures5.2 - 12
Victor Hugo1802–1885 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers3.3 - 13
Charles X of France1757–1836 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians3.1 - 14
Marie Antoinette1755–1793 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures2.4 - 15
Joan of Arc1412–1431 · 15th century · 🇫🇷 France2.4 - 16
Francis de Sales1567–1622 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures2.4 - 17
Philip V of Spain1683–1746 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians2.2 - 18
Francis II of France1544–1560 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.9 - 19
Marie de' Medici1575–1642 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.9
- 20
Napoleon III1808–1873 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.9 - 21
Vincent de Paul1581–1660 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures1.9 - 22
Pierre de Bourdeille, seigneur de Brantôme1540–1614 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.8 - 23
Louis Blanc1811–1882 · 19th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians1.6 - 24
Benjamin Constant1767–1830 · 19th century · 🇨🇭 Switzerland · Politicians1.5 - 25
Pope Julius II1443–1513 · 15th century · 🇮🇹 Italy · Religious Figures1.5 - 26
Jules Favre1809–1880 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.4 - 27
Jules Simon1814–1896 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.4 - 28
Pierre de Marivaux1688–1763 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.2 - 29
Alexandre Dumas fils1824–1895 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers1.1 - 30
Jules Ferry1832–1893 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians1.1 - 31
Charles de Lorraine de Vaudémont1561–1587 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures0.94
- 32
Charles of Lorraine1567–1607 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France0.94 - 33
Camille Desmoulins1760–1794 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Journalists0.90 - 34
Pope John XXII1244–1334 · 13th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures0.89
- 35
Alexandre Dumas1802–1870 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.87 - 36
George Sand1804–1876 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.85
- 37
Firmin Didot1764–1836 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.80 - 38
Claude Bernard1813–1878 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.79 - 39
Pope Clement V1264–1314 · 13th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures0.78
- 40
Jean-Jacques Rousseau1712–1778 · 18th century · 🇨🇭 Switzerland · Academics0.76 - 41
Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon1635–1719 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.76 - 42
Odilon Barrot1791–1873 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.76 - 43
Louis XVII of France1785–1795 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France0.73 - 44
Louis Bonaparte1778–1846 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.73 - 45
Anne of Brittany1477–1514 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France0.73 - 46
La Grange1635–1692 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Actors0.73 - 47
Auguste Comte1798–1857 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.69 - 48
Charles the Bold1433–1477 · 15th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.69 - 49
Alfred de Musset1810–1857 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.68 - 50
André Chénier1762–1794 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.66 - 51
Louis de Bourbon, Bishop of Liège1438–1482 · 15th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.62 - 52
Louis de Bourbon, Count of Clermont1709–1771 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France0.62 - 53
Louis, Count of Vermandois1667–1683 · 17th century0.62 - 54
Louis, Count of Soissons1604–1641 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France0.62 - 55
Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre1725–1793 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.62 - 56
Margaret of Valois1553–1615 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.61 - 57
Gustav III of Sweden1746–1792 · 18th century · 🇸🇪 Sweden · Politicians0.58 - 58
Théophile Gautier1811–1872 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.57 - 59
Diane de Poitiers1499–1566 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France0.56 - 60
Olivier de Serres1539–1619 · 16th century · Writers0.55 - 61
Nostradamus1503–1566 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.53 - 62
Jeanne d'Albret1528–1572 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.52 - 63
Augustin Thierry1795–1856 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.52 - 64
Napoleon1769–1821 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures0.51 - 65
Margaret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy1480–1530 · 16th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Artists0.49 - 66
Joseph Bonaparte1768–1844 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.49 - 67
Charlotte Corday1768–1793 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Historical Figures0.48
- 68
Joseph de Maistre1753–1821 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.48 - 69
Ambroise Paré1510–1590 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors0.48 - 70
Mary of Burgundy1457–1482 · 15th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.47 - 71
Pierre Corneille1606–1684 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.46 - 72
Stendhal1783–1842 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.45 - 73
Claude Michel1738–1814 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Artists0.45 - 74
Pierre Leroux1797–1871 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.44 - 75
Charles Nodier1780–1844 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.43 - 76
Maine de Biran1766–1824 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.43 - 77
Lucien Bonaparte1775–1840 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.42 - 78
Casimir Delavigne1793–1843 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.42 - 79
Charles, Count of Soissons1566–1612 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France0.40 - 80
Louis Racine1692–1763 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.40 - 81
Vincent of Beauvais1190–1264 · 13th century · Educators0.40 - 82
Jean Goujon1510–1567 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Architects0.39 - 83
Pope Urban V1310–1370 · 14th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures0.39 - 84
Thomas Corneille1625–1709 · 17th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.38 - 85
Horace Vernet1789–1863 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Artists0.38 - 86
Gaston Paris1839–1903 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.37 - 87
Antoine of Navarre1518–1562 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.36 - 88
Félix Faure1841–1899 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.36 - 89
Jacques Clément1567–1589 · 16th century · 🇫🇷 France0.36 - 90
Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville1746–1795 · 18th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.36 - 91
Pope Clement IV1190–1268 · 13th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures0.35
- 92
Pope Gregory XI1329–1378 · 14th century · 🇫🇷 France · Religious Figures0.35 - 93
Charles Dupin1784–1873 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.35 - 94
Napoléon, Prince Imperial1856–1879 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.34 - 95
Napoleon II1811–1832 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Designers0.33 - 96
John of Luxembourg, Lord of Beauvoir1370–1397 · 14th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.33 - 97
Alfred de Vigny1797–1863 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Writers0.33 - 98
Prince Philippe, Count of Paris1838–1894 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Politicians0.32 - 99
Blanche of Castile1188–1252 · 13th century · 🇪🇸 Spain · Historical Figures0.32 - 100
Camille Jordan1838–1922 · 19th century · 🇫🇷 France · Academics0.32
Lived then
The most notable people whose working lives fell in the 19th century, ranked where Wikipedia coverage and readership agree.
#PersonIn print, 1800–2019Echoed
- 1
Mary Cassatt1844–1926 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists12 decades - 2
John Singer Sargent1856–1925 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists11 decades - 3
James Abbott McNeill Whistler1834–1903 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists12 decades - 4
John James Audubon1785–1851 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists19 decades - 5
Alfred Stieglitz1864–1946 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists13 decades - 6
Thomas Cole1801–1848 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists22 decades - 7
Winslow Homer1836–1910 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists15 decades - 8
Frederic Edwin Church1826–1900 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists3 decades - 9
Albert Bierstadt1830–1902 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists6 decades - 10
Grandma Moses1860–1961 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists8 decades - 11
Thomas Eakins1844–1916 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists12 decades - 12
Thomas Nast1840–1902 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists16 decades - 13
Mathew Benjamin Brady1822–1896 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 14
Jacob Riis1849–1914 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists13 decades - 15
George Catlin1796–1872 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists18 decades - 16
Edmonia Lewis1844–1907 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists1 decades - 17
Frederic Remington1861–1909 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists13 decades - 18
Howard Pyle1853–1911 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists14 decades - 19
Robert Cornelius1809–1893 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists2 decades - 20
Childe Hassam1859–1935 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists13 decades - 21
Daniel Chester French1850–1931 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists12 decades - 22
Emanuel Leutze1816–1868 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists0 decades - 23
Charles Marion Russell1864–1926 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 24
Edwin Austin Abbey1852–1911 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists2 decades - 25
Sarah Goodridge1788–1853 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists0 decades - 26
Henry Ossawa Tanner1859–1937 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 27
Augustus Saint-Gaudens1848–1907 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 28
George Inness1825–1894 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists14 decades - 29
William Merritt Chase1849–1916 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists6 decades - 30
Cassius Marcellus Coolidge1844–1934 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 31
Albert Pinkham Ryder1847–1917 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 32
Asher Brown Durand1796–1886 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists0 decades - 33
Francis Davis Millet1848–1912 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 34
Cecilia Beaux1855–1942 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists5 decades - 35
Gertrude Käsebier1852–1934 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists0 decades - 36
Rembrandt Peale1778–1860 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 37
George Caleb Bingham1811–1879 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists7 decades - 38
John La Farge1835–1910 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists15 decades - 39
Edward Hicks1780–1849 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 40
Richard F. Outcault1863–1928 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists0 decades - 41
Martin Johnson Heade1819–1904 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 42
John Frederick Kensett1816–1872 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists0 decades - 43
Elizabeth Jane Gardner1837–1922 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 44
Rain-in-the-Face1835–1905 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 45
Jessie Willcox Smith1863–1935 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 46
Anna Elizabeth Klumpke1856–1942 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 47
Alexander Gardner1821–1882 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 48
Lilla Cabot Perry1848–1933 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists0 decades - 49
Frank Weston Benson1862–1951 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 50
Washington Allston1779–1843 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists20 decades - 51
Thomas Sully1783–1872 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 52
Carl Akeley1864–1926 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 53
Harriet Hosmer1830–1908 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 54
Abbott Handerson Thayer1849–1921 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 55
Jean Leon Gerome Ferris1863–1930 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 56
Eastman Johnson1824–1906 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 57
Arthur Wesley Dow1857–1922 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 58
Jasper Francis Cropsey1823–1900 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 59
Robert Seldon Duncanson1821–1872 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 60
Frederick Arthur Bridgman1847–1928 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 61
Sanford Robinson Gifford1823–1880 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 62
George Peter Alexander Healy1813–1894 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 63
Maurice Prendergast1858–1924 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 64
John Henry Twachtman1853–1902 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 65
Edwin Lord Weeks1849–1903 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 66
Theodore Robinson1852–1896 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 67
Willard Metcalf1858–1925 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 68
Edward Mitchell Bannister1828–1901 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 69
Edward Henry Potthast1857–1927 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 70
Abigail May Alcott Nieriker1840–1879 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 71
William Morris Hunt1824–1879 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 72
Ralph Albert Blakelock1847–1919 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 73
Elihu Vedder1836–1923 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 74
Colin Campbell Cooper1856–1937 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 75
Harriet Powers1837–1910 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 76
William Henry Jackson1843–1942 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured—
- 77
Frank M. Chapman1864–1945 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artists9 decades - 78
Elisabet Ney1833–1907 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 79
Samuel Colman1832–1920 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 80
Samuel Wendell Williston1851–1918 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 81
Kenyon Cox1856–1919 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 82
Albert Henry Munsell1858–1918 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 83
Thomas Dewing1851–1938 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 84
Hiram Powers1805–1873 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 85
J. Alden Weir1852–1919 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 86
Cyrus Edwin Dallin1861–1944 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 87
Edmund Charles Tarbell1862–1938 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 88
William Wetmore Story1819–1895 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 89
John Vanderlyn1775–1852 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 90
F. Holland Day1864–1933 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 91
Lorado Taft1860–1936 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 92
Emma Stebbins1815–1882 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 93
John White Alexander1856–1915 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 94
Thomas Crawford1814–1857 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 95
Eliza Ruhamah Scidmore1856–1928 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 96
Charles Robert Leslie1794–1859 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 97
Thomas Pollock Anshutz1851–1912 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 98
George Brant Bridgman1864–1943 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 99
Charles Bird King1785–1862 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured— - 100
James B. Longacre1794–1869 · 🇺🇸 United States · Artistsnot measured—
How this is measured
- Placing people in time. Each person belongs to the century in which they were most active — around age 35, and never after their death.
- Who ranks highest. Within a century, people are ranked where two independent signals agree: how many of the world’s Wikipedia language editions cover them, and how many people actually read about them. Article counts alone can be lifted by a person’s own circle; readers cannot.
- Fame in print. The curves count how often a name appears in Google Books from 1800 to 2019, as a share of all the words printed each year, in the person’s own language wherever that corpus exists. Those decades are over, so each measurement is made once and kept.
- What is left out. A lifetime is measured only from 1820, when there is enough print to judge; the five years after a death are skipped as obituaries; and a name shared with someone equally notable is credited to neither.