1800–1899
The 19th century
Whose names filled the books of the 19th century — anyone at all, however long dead — counted as mentions per million words printed, so a period that simply published more does not inflate anyone.
Talked about then
Whose names appeared most in German books during the 19th century — whenever they lived.
In books written inEnglish18,114German3,599French3,347Italian1,787Spanish1,162Russian325Hebrew105Chinese9
#PersonIn print, 1800–2019Per million words
- 1
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Frederick William, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen1663–1735 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures8.4 - 2
Frederick William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt1700–1771 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany8.4 - 3
Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg1620–1688 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures8.4 - 4
Frederick William of Saxe-Meiningen1679–1746 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures8.4 - 5
Friedrich II, Grand Duke of Baden1857–1928 · 19th century · Historical Figures4.0 - 6
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Maria Theresa1717–1780 · 18th century · 🇦🇹 Austria · Historical Figures3.8 - 7
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Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg1633–1708 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany3.8 - 8
Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg1676–1732 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians3.8 - 9
Frederick II, Elector Palatine1482–1556 · 16th century3.8 - 10
Frederick II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg1418–1478 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures3.8 - 11
Frederick II of Legnica1480–1547 · 16th century3.8 - 12
John Frederick, Count Palatine of Sulzbach-Hilpoltstein1587–1644 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany2.9 - 13
John Frederick, Duke of Pomerania1542–1600 · 16th century · Religious Figures2.9 - 14
John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach1654–1686 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models2.9 - 15
John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg1625–1679 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.9 - 16
John Frederick, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt1721–1767 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.9 - 17
John Frederick, Duke of Württemberg1582–1628 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.9 - 18
John George, Elector of Brandenburg1525–1598 · 16th century · Religious Figures2.7 - 19
Johann Georg, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels1677–1712 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.7 - 20HIHenry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen1460–1526 · 15th century · Historical Figures2.5
- 21
Henry IV, Duke of Mecklenburg1417–1477 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany2.5 - 22HIHenry IV, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg1397–1427 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.5
- 23
Franz I, Prince of Liechtenstein1853–1938 · 19th century · 🇦🇹 Austria · Politicians1.9 - 24
Jean Paul1763–1825 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers1.8 - 25
Frederick Augustus, Duke of Württemberg-Neuenstadt1654–1716 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.8 - 26
Frederick Augustus, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst1734–1793 · 18th century · Historical Figures1.8 - 27
Frederick Augustus, Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Oels1740–1805 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.8 - 28
Frederick August I, Duke of Oldenburg1711–1785 · 18th century · Models1.8 - 29
Duke Friedrich I, Duke of Anhalt1831–1904 · 19th century · Historical Figures1.7 - 30
Friedrich I, Grand Duke of Baden1826–1907 · 19th century · Historical Figures1.7 - 31
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Henry V, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg1489–1568 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.6 - 32
Henry II, Duke of Bavaria951–995 · 10th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.6 - 33HIHenry II of Augsburg1001–1063 · 11th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Religious Figures1.6
- 34HIHenry II, Count of Gorizia1150–1150 · 12th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.6
- 35
Henry II, Count of Reuss-Gera1572–1635 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.6 - 36HIHenry II, Lord of Mecklenburg1262–1329 · 13th century · Historical Figures1.6
- 37HIHenry II, Margrave of Meissen1103–1123 · 12th century · Models1.6
- 38HIHenry II, Duke of Limburg1110–1167 · 12th century · Historical Figures1.6
- 39
Henry II, Landgrave of Hesse1299–1376 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.6 - 40
Frederick I, Count Palatine of Simmern1417–1480 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.5 - 41
Frederick I1425–1476 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians1.5 - 42
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Frederick I of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg1646–1691 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.5 - 43
Frederick I of Prussia1657–1713 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians1.5 - 44
Frederick I, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg1585–1638 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.5 - 45
Frederick I of Liegnitz1446–1488 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.5 - 46
Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg1371–1440 · 15th century1.5 - 47
Frederick I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel1357–1400 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.5 - 48
Frederick III, German Emperor1831–1888 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians1.5 - 49
Frederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg1852–1931 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.5 - 50HIHenry III, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen1416–1464 · 15th century1.4
- 51
Henry III1215–1288 · 13th century · Writers1.4 - 52HIHenry III, Duke of Mecklenburg1337–1383 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.4
- 53
Henry III, Count of Sayn1193–1247 · 13th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.4 - 54
Henry III, Duke of Limburg1167–1221 · 13th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.4 - 55HIHenry III, Prince of Anhalt-Aschersleben1300–1307 · 14th century · Religious Figures1.4
- 56
Henry III, Landgrave of Upper Hesse1440–1483 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models1.4 - 57
Henry III of Nassau-Breda1483–1538 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.4 - 58HIHenry III, Duke of Bavaria940–989 · 10th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.4
- 59WIWilliam III, Count of Weimar1000–1039 · 11th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.4
- 60
William III1425–1482 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.4 - 61
William III, Landgrave of Hesse1471–1500 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.4 - 62
Paracelsus1493–1541 · 16th century · 🇨🇭 Switzerland · Doctors1.4 - 63
Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor1741–1790 · 18th century · 🇦🇹 Austria · Historical Figures1.3 - 64
Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor1316–1378 · 14th century · Historical Figures1.3 - 65
Frederick III of Legnica1520–1570 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.3 - 66
Frederick III of the Palatinate1515–1576 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models1.3 - 67
Frederick III, Prince of Salm-Kyrburg1744–1794 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.3 - 68
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Frederick III, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg1673–1746 · 18th century · Politicians1.3 - 69
Frederick III, Margrave of Baden1327–1353 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models1.3 - 70
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Frederick III, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp1597–1659 · 17th century · Historical Figures1.3 - 71
Friedrich III, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth1711–1763 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models1.3 - 72
Frederick III, Burgrave of Nuremberg1220–1297 · 13th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.3 - 73
Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg1699–1772 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.3 - 74
Gustav Adolph, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow1633–1695 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers1.2 - 75
Philip II, Margrave of Baden-Baden1559–1588 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models1.2 - 76PIPhilip II, Count of Waldeck1453–1524 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.2
- 77
Philip II, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe1723–1787 · 18th century · Historical Figures1.2 - 78
Philip II, Duke of Pomerania1573–1618 · 17th century · Historical Figures1.2 - 79PIPhilip II, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg1501–1529 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.2
- 80PIPhilip II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen1533–1596 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.2
- 81PIPhilip II, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg1462–1504 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.2
- 82
William the Silent1533–1584 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians1.1 - 83
William I, German Emperor1797–1888 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.1 - 84
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William I1343–1407 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.1 - 85
William I, Elector of Hesse1743–1821 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.1 - 86WIWilliam I of Weimar900–963 · 10th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.1
- 87
William, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg1648–1725 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.1 - 88
William I, Count of Nassau-Siegen1487–1559 · 16th century1.1 - 89
Wilhelm I of Württemberg1781–1864 · 19th century · Historical Figures1.1 - 90
William I, Duke of Bavaria1330–1389 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians1.1 - 91
Carl Friedrich I, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach1783–1853 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.0 - 92
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Karl Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg1668–1721 · 18th century · Historical Figures1.0 - 93
Charles Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen1712–1743 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.0 - 94
Ferdinand I of Romania1865–1927 · 20th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.0 - 95
Ferdinand II of Portugal1816–1885 · 19th century · 🇦🇹 Austria · Historical Figures1.0 - 96
Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor1578–1637 · 17th century · 🇦🇹 Austria · Historical Figures1.0 - 97
Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria1529–1595 · 16th century · 🇦🇹 Austria · Historical Figures1.0 - 98
Hans Sachs1494–1576 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers0.99 - 99
Wilhelm II, German Emperor1859–1941 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures0.99 - 100
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Wilhelm II of Württemberg1848–1921 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures0.95
Lived then
The most notable people whose working lives fell in the 19th century, ranked where Wikipedia coverage and readership agree.
#PersonIn print, 1800–2019Echoed
- 1
Robert Koch1843–1910 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctors14 decades - 2
Alois Alzheimer1864–1915 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctors3 decades - 3
Theodor Schwann1810–1882 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctors16 decades - 4
Richard von Krafft-Ebing1840–1902 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctors4 decades - 5
Karl Theodor, Duke in Bavaria1839–1909 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctors3 decades - 6
Franz Oppenheimer1864–1943 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctors13 decades - 7
Ernst Heinrich Weber1795–1878 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctors15 decades - 8
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Wilhelm Fliess1858–1928 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 9
Friedrich Joseph Haass1780–1853 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 10
Abraham Jacobi1830–1919 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 11
August Bier1861–1949 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 12
Jan Mikulicz-Radecki1850–1905 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 13
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Oskar Minkowski1858–1931 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 14WWWilhelm Weinberg1862–1937 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured—
- 15
Friedrich Trendelenburg1844–1924 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 16
Theodor Bilharz1825–1862 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 17
Albert von Schrenck-Notzing1862–1929 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 18
Wilhelm His1863–1934 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 19
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Wilhelm Heinrich Erb1840–1921 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 20
Franz Gerhard Wegeler1765–1848 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 21
Hermann von Ihering1850–1930 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 22
Emanuel Felke1856–1926 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 23
Julius Friedrich Cohnheim1839–1884 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 24
Hermann Oppenheim1857–1919 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 25
Ernst Ludwig Alfred Hegar1830–1914 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 26
Max Nonne1861–1959 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 27
Julius Roger1819–1865 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 28
Georg Theodor August Gaffky1850–1918 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 29
Gustav Killian1860–1921 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 30
Eduard Arnold Martin1809–1875 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 31
Vincenz Czerny1842–1916 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 32
Charlotte von Siebold1788–1859 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 33
Elisabeth Winterhalter1856–1952 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 34
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Franziska Tiburtius1843–1927 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 35
Wilhelm Heinrich Friedrich Molly1838–1919 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 36
Emil Pfeiffer1846–1921 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 37
Justus Friedrich Carl Hecker1795–1850 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 38
Adolf Just1859–1936 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 39
Georg Anton Schäffer1779–1836 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 40
Carl Siegmund Franz Credé1819–1892 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 41
Hermann Brehmer1826–1889 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 42
Gustav Fritsch1838–1927 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 43
Hugo Liepmann1863–1925 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 44
Erich Paulun1862–1909 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 45CSCurt Schimmelbusch1860–1895 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured—
- 46
Eduard Heinrich Henoch1820–1910 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 47
Ludwig Rehn1849–1930 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 48
Wilhelm Heinrich Schüßler1821–1898 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 49
Johann Gottlieb Benjamin Siegert1796–1870 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 50
Karl Ewald Hasse1810–1902 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 51
Ernst Schweninger1850–1924 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 52
Hans Kehr1862–1916 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 53
Friedrich Wilhelm Scanzoni von Lichtenfels1821–1891 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 54
Friedrich Julius Rosenbach1842–1923 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 55
Karl Thiersch1822–1895 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 56
Paul Grawitz1850–1932 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 57
James Israel1848–1926 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 58
Otto Wilhelm Madelung1846–1926 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 59
Victor von Bruns1812–1883 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 60CFCarl Friedländer1847–1887 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured—
- 61
Georg Kloss1787–1854 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 62
Christian Georg Schmorl1861–1932 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 63
Robert Christian Avé-Lallemant1812–1884 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 64KFKarl Friedrich Canstatt1807–1850 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured—
- 65JVJohannes von Kries1853–1928 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured—
- 66
Bernhard Moritz Carl Ludwig Riedel1846–1916 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 67
Antoni Jurasz1847–1923 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 68
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Heinrich Braun1862–1934 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 69FAFriedrich August Carus1770–1807 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured—
- 70
Max Linde1862–1940 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 71
Friedrich Bezold1842–1908 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 72
Heinrich Lahmann1860–1905 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 73
Hugo Wilhelm von Ziemssen1829–1902 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 74
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Carl Anton Ewald1845–1915 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 75
Sigbert Josef Maria Ganser1853–1931 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 76
Rudolf Böhm1844–1926 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 77
Georg Ledderhose1855–1925 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 78
Paul Frosch1860–1928 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 79
Johannes Fabry1860–1930 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 80
Carl Langenbuch1846–1901 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 81
Karl Heinrich August Burow1809–1874 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 82
Dietrich Georg von Kieser1779–1862 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 83
Johann Ludwig Wilhelm Thudichum1829–1901 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 84
Wilhelm Olivier Leube1842–1922 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 85
Otto Funke1828–1879 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 86AWAdolf Wallenberg1862–1949 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured—
- 87
Otto Gottlieb Mohnike1814–1887 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 88
Wilhelm Baum1799–1883 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 89
Arnold Pagenstecher1837–1913 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 90
Otto Bollinger1843–1909 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 91
Hermann David Weber1823–1918 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 92KTKarl Theodor Menke1791–1861 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured—
- 93
Adam Elias von Siebold1775–1828 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 94HKHermann Krukenberg1863–1935 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured—
- 95
Heinrich Adolf Rinne1819–1868 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 96
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Karl Otto Weber1827–1867 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 97
Oskar Lassar1849–1907 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 98
Carl Wigand Maximilian Jacobi1775–1858 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 99
Felix von Niemeyer1820–1871 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured— - 100
Morris Simmonds1855–1925 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Doctorsnot measured—
How this is measured
- Placing people in time. Each person belongs to the century in which they were most active — around age 35, and never after their death.
- Who ranks highest. Within a century, people are ranked where two independent signals agree: how many of the world’s Wikipedia language editions cover them, and how many people actually read about them. Article counts alone can be lifted by a person’s own circle; readers cannot.
- Fame in print. The curves count how often a name appears in Google Books from 1800 to 2019, as a share of all the words printed each year, in the person’s own language wherever that corpus exists. Those decades are over, so each measurement is made once and kept.
- What is left out. A lifetime is measured only from 1820, when there is enough print to judge; the five years after a death are skipped as obituaries; and a name shared with someone equally notable is credited to neither.