1800–1899
The 19th century
Whose names filled the books of the 19th century — anyone at all, however long dead — counted as mentions per million words printed, so a period that simply published more does not inflate anyone.
Talked about then
Whose names appeared most in German books during the 19th century — whenever they lived.
In books written inEnglish18,114German3,599French3,347Italian1,787Spanish1,162Russian325Hebrew105Chinese9
#PersonIn print, 1800–2019Per million words
- 1
Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg1620–1688 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures8.4 - 2
Frederick William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt1700–1771 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany8.4 - 3
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Frederick William, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen1663–1735 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures8.4 - 4
Frederick William of Saxe-Meiningen1679–1746 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures8.4 - 5
Friedrich II, Grand Duke of Baden1857–1928 · 19th century · Historical Figures4.0 - 6
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Maria Theresa1717–1780 · 18th century · 🇦🇹 Austria · Historical Figures3.8 - 7
Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg1676–1732 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians3.8 - 8
Frederick II, Elector Palatine1482–1556 · 16th century3.8 - 9
Frederick II of Legnica1480–1547 · 16th century3.8 - 10
Frederick II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg1418–1478 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures3.8 - 11
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Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg1633–1708 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany3.8 - 12
John Frederick, Duke of Pomerania1542–1600 · 16th century · Religious Figures2.9 - 13
John Frederick, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt1721–1767 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.9 - 14
John Frederick, Duke of Württemberg1582–1628 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.9 - 15
John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg1625–1679 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.9 - 16
John Frederick, Count Palatine of Sulzbach-Hilpoltstein1587–1644 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany2.9 - 17
John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach1654–1686 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models2.9 - 18
Johann Georg, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels1677–1712 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.7 - 19
John George, Elector of Brandenburg1525–1598 · 16th century · Religious Figures2.7 - 20HIHenry IV, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg1397–1427 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures2.5
- 21HIHenry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen1460–1526 · 15th century · Historical Figures2.5
- 22
Henry IV, Duke of Mecklenburg1417–1477 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany2.5 - 23
Franz I, Prince of Liechtenstein1853–1938 · 19th century · 🇦🇹 Austria · Politicians1.9 - 24
Jean Paul1763–1825 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers1.8 - 25
Frederick Augustus, Duke of Württemberg-Neuenstadt1654–1716 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.8 - 26
Frederick Augustus, Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Oels1740–1805 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.8 - 27
Frederick August I, Duke of Oldenburg1711–1785 · 18th century · Models1.8 - 28
Frederick Augustus, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst1734–1793 · 18th century · Historical Figures1.8 - 29
Duke Friedrich I, Duke of Anhalt1831–1904 · 19th century · Historical Figures1.7 - 30
Friedrich I, Grand Duke of Baden1826–1907 · 19th century · Historical Figures1.7 - 31
Henry II, Duke of Bavaria951–995 · 10th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.6 - 32
Henry II, Count of Reuss-Gera1572–1635 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.6 - 33
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Henry V, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg1489–1568 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.6 - 34HIHenry II, Count of Gorizia1150–1150 · 12th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.6
- 35
Henry II, Landgrave of Hesse1299–1376 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.6 - 36HIHenry II, Duke of Limburg1110–1167 · 12th century · Historical Figures1.6
- 37HIHenry II, Lord of Mecklenburg1262–1329 · 13th century · Historical Figures1.6
- 38HIHenry II of Augsburg1001–1063 · 11th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Religious Figures1.6
- 39HIHenry II, Margrave of Meissen1103–1123 · 12th century · Models1.6
- 40
Frederick I1425–1476 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians1.5 - 41
Frederick I, Count Palatine of Simmern1417–1480 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.5 - 42
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Frederick I of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg1646–1691 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.5 - 43
Frederick I, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg1585–1638 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.5 - 44
Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg1371–1440 · 15th century1.5 - 45
Frederick I of Liegnitz1446–1488 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.5 - 46
Frederick I of Prussia1657–1713 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians1.5 - 47
Frederick I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel1357–1400 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.5 - 48
Frederick III, German Emperor1831–1888 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians1.5 - 49
Frederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg1852–1931 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.5 - 50
Henry III of Nassau-Breda1483–1538 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.4 - 51HIHenry III, Prince of Anhalt-Aschersleben1300–1307 · 14th century · Religious Figures1.4
- 52
Henry III, Count of Sayn1193–1247 · 13th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.4 - 53
Henry III, Landgrave of Upper Hesse1440–1483 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models1.4 - 54
Henry III, Duke of Limburg1167–1221 · 13th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.4 - 55HIHenry III, Duke of Mecklenburg1337–1383 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.4
- 56HIHenry III, Duke of Bavaria940–989 · 10th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.4
- 57HIHenry III, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen1416–1464 · 15th century1.4
- 58
Henry III1215–1288 · 13th century · Writers1.4 - 59
William III1425–1482 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.4 - 60WIWilliam III, Count of Weimar1000–1039 · 11th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.4
- 61
William III, Landgrave of Hesse1471–1500 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.4 - 62
Paracelsus1493–1541 · 16th century · 🇨🇭 Switzerland · Doctors1.4 - 63
Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor1741–1790 · 18th century · 🇦🇹 Austria · Historical Figures1.3 - 64
Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor1316–1378 · 14th century · Historical Figures1.3 - 65
Frederick III of Legnica1520–1570 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.3 - 66
Friedrich III, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth1711–1763 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models1.3 - 67
Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg1699–1772 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.3 - 68
Frederick III, Burgrave of Nuremberg1220–1297 · 13th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.3 - 69
Frederick III, Prince of Salm-Kyrburg1744–1794 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.3 - 70
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Frederick III, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp1597–1659 · 17th century · Historical Figures1.3 - 71
Frederick III of the Palatinate1515–1576 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models1.3 - 72
Frederick III, Margrave of Baden1327–1353 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models1.3 - 73
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Frederick III, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg1673–1746 · 18th century · Politicians1.3 - 74
Gustav Adolph, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow1633–1695 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers1.2 - 75
Philip II, Margrave of Baden-Baden1559–1588 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Models1.2 - 76PIPhilip II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen1533–1596 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.2
- 77
Philip II, Duke of Pomerania1573–1618 · 17th century · Historical Figures1.2 - 78
Philip II, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe1723–1787 · 18th century · Historical Figures1.2 - 79PIPhilip II, Count of Waldeck1453–1524 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.2
- 80PIPhilip II, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg1462–1504 · 15th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.2
- 81PIPhilip II, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg1501–1529 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.2
- 82WIWilliam I of Weimar900–963 · 10th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.1
- 83
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William I1343–1407 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.1 - 84
William I, German Emperor1797–1888 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.1 - 85
William the Silent1533–1584 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians1.1 - 86
Wilhelm I of Württemberg1781–1864 · 19th century · Historical Figures1.1 - 87
William I, Duke of Bavaria1330–1389 · 14th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Politicians1.1 - 88
William I, Elector of Hesse1743–1821 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.1 - 89
William, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg1648–1725 · 17th century · 🇩🇪 Germany1.1 - 90
William I, Count of Nassau-Siegen1487–1559 · 16th century1.1 - 91
Carl Friedrich I, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach1783–1853 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.0 - 92
Charles Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen1712–1743 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.0 - 93
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Karl Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg1668–1721 · 18th century · Historical Figures1.0 - 94
Ferdinand I of Romania1865–1927 · 20th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures1.0 - 95
Ferdinand II of Portugal1816–1885 · 19th century · 🇦🇹 Austria · Historical Figures1.0 - 96
Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor1578–1637 · 17th century · 🇦🇹 Austria · Historical Figures1.0 - 97
Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria1529–1595 · 16th century · 🇦🇹 Austria · Historical Figures1.0 - 98
Hans Sachs1494–1576 · 16th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Writers0.99 - 99
Wilhelm II, German Emperor1859–1941 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures0.99 - 100
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Wilhelm II of Württemberg1848–1921 · 19th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures0.95
Lived then
The most notable people whose working lives fell in the 19th century, ranked where Wikipedia coverage and readership agree.
#PersonIn print, 1800–2019Echoed
- 1
Jean-Martin Charcot1825–1893 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors4 decades - 2
René Laennec1781–1826 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors0 decades - 3
Alexandre Yersin1863–1943 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors5 decades - 4
Paul Broca1824–1880 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors15 decades - 5
Charles Richet1850–1935 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors15 decades - 6
Aimé Bonpland1773–1858 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors13 decades - 7
Xavier Bichat1771–1802 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors15 decades - 8
Joseph Babinski1857–1932 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors0 decades - 9
_CIPH0027_(cropped).jpg?width=1200)
Georges Gilles de la Tourette1857–1904 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors0 decades - 10
Dominique Jean Larrey1766–1842 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors0 decades - 11
Paul Gachet1828–1909 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors5 decades - 12
Albert Calmette1863–1933 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors11 decades - 13
Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran1845–1922 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors4 decades - 14
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Jean Marc Gaspard Itard1774–1838 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors7 decades - 15
Guillaume Dupuytren1777–1835 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors1 decades - 16
Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol1772–1840 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors0 decades - 17
René Lesson1794–1849 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors0 decades - 18
Adrien Proust1834–1903 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 19
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Madeleine Brès1842–1921 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 20
Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille1797–1869 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 21
Édouard Séguin1812–1880 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured—
- 22
André Marie Constant Duméril1774–1860 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctors0 decades - 23
Alexandre Lacassagne1843–1924 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 24
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Bénédict Morel1809–1873 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 25
_CIPH0072.jpg?width=1200)
Pierre Marie1853–1940 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 26
Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest1784–1838 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 27
Prosper Menière1799–1862 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 28
Maurice Raynaud1834–1881 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 29
Pierre Charles Alexandre Louis1787–1872 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 30
Antoine Marfan1858–1942 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 31
Charles Frédéric Girard1822–1895 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 32
Charles Lasègue1816–1883 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 33
Augusta Déjerine-Klumpke1859–1927 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 34
François Antommarchi1789–1838 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 35
Joseph Paul Gaimard1793–1858 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 36
Émile Duclaux1840–1904 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 37
Alfred Vulpian1826–1887 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 38
Jean Alfred Fournier1832–1914 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 39
Hippolyte Bernheim1840–1919 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 40
Jean Guillaume Auguste Lugol1786–1851 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 41
Jules Cotard1840–1889 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 42
Ambroise Auguste Tardieu1818–1879 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 43
François-Joseph-Victor Broussais1772–1838 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 44
Jean Cruveilhier1791–1874 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 45
Jean Baptiste Boisduval1799–1879 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 46
Charles Pravaz1791–1853 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 47
Fernand Widal1862–1929 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 48
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Mélanie Hahnemann1800–1878 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 49
Valentin Magnan1835–1916 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 50
Joseph Jules Dejerine1849–1917 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 51
Jules-Émile Péan1830–1898 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 52
Paul Topinard1830–1911 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 53
Marie-Louise Lachapelle1769–1821 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 54
_%C3%A2g%C3%A9_2.jpg?width=1200)
Pierre Bretonneau1778–1862 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 55
Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault1823–1904 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 56
Paul Richer1849–1933 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 57
Marie Boivin1773–1841 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 58
Antoine Clot1793–1868 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 59
Théodore Maunoir1806–1869 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 60
Édouard Bureau1830–1918 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 61
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Arthur Fallot1850–1911 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 62
Augustin Nicolas Gilbert1858–1927 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 63
Henri Albert Hartmann1860–1952 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 64
_CIPB1340_(cropped).jpg?width=1200)
Alfred-Armand-Louis-Marie Velpeau1795–1867 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 65
Pierre Rambur1801–1870 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 66
Jean-Louis Alibert1768–1837 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 67
Jacques Lisfranc de St. Martin1787–1847 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 68
Paul Henri Fischer1835–1893 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 69
Leo Testut1849–1925 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 70
Jean-Pierre Falret1794–1870 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 71
Cornelius Herz1845–1898 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 72
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Paul Georges Dieulafoy1839–1911 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 73
Charles-Joseph Bouchard1837–1915 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 74JPJacques Pucheran1817–1895 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured—
- 75
Paul Brouardel1837–1906 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 76
Philippe Ricord1800–1889 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 77
Jean Civiale1792–1867 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 78
Philippe Gaucher1854–1918 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 79
Antoine Béclère1856–1939 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 80
Jean Alexandre LeMat1821–1883 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 81
Casimir Davaine1812–1882 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 82
Henri Filhol1843–1902 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 83
Louis Hubert Farabeuf1841–1910 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 84
Pierre Adolphe Piorry1794–1879 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 85
Jean-Baptiste Bouillaud1796–1881 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 86
Jean Casimir Félix Guyon1831–1920 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 87
Pierre François Olive Rayer1793–1867 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 88
Gabriel Andral1797–1876 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 89
Jean Bergonié1857–1925 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 90
Louis-Charles Malassez1842–1909 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 91
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Édouard Brissaud1852–1909 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 92
Jules Guyot1807–1872 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 93
Étienne Stéphane Tarnier1828–1897 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 94
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Jean-Baptiste Robineau-Desvoidy1799–1857 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 95
Jean-Charles Chenu1808–1879 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 96
Édouard Pierre Marie Chassaignac1804–1879 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 97
Ernest Besnier1831–1909 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 98
Ferdinand-Jean Darier1856–1938 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 99
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Bernard-Raymond Fabré-Palaprat1773–1838 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured— - 100
Louis Joubin1861–1935 · 🇫🇷 France · Doctorsnot measured—
How this is measured
- Placing people in time. Each person belongs to the century in which they were most active — around age 35, and never after their death.
- Who ranks highest. Within a century, people are ranked where two independent signals agree: how many of the world’s Wikipedia language editions cover them, and how many people actually read about them. Article counts alone can be lifted by a person’s own circle; readers cannot.
- Fame in print. The curves count how often a name appears in Google Books from 1800 to 2019, as a share of all the words printed each year, in the person’s own language wherever that corpus exists. Those decades are over, so each measurement is made once and kept.
- What is left out. A lifetime is measured only from 1820, when there is enough print to judge; the five years after a death are skipped as obituaries; and a name shared with someone equally notable is credited to neither.