French naturalist (1744-1829)
He saw evolution before Darwin published a word on it, built the first full theory of how life changes over time — and then got remembered mainly for the part that turned out wrong.
Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck, started as a soldier: he fought Prussia in the Seven Years' War, earned a battlefield commission for bravery, then took an injury in 1766 that ended the military career and opened another. Posted to Monaco, he'd grown curious about the natural world; he retired to study medicine, but botany took hold. His three-volume Flore françoise in 1778 won him a seat in the French Academy of Sciences the next year. By 1788 he held the Chair of Botany at the Jardin des Plantes; when the Revolution refounded the institution as the Muséum national…
Sourced, dated quotes from Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Life, in a body whose order and state of affairs can make it manifest, is assuredly, as I have said, a real power that gives rise to numerous phenomena.
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