French nobleman and chemist (1743–1794)
People connected to Antoine Lavoisier
He turned chemistry from guesswork into measurement, named oxygen, buried phlogiston, and built the metric system — then lost his head to the guillotine for the crime of collecting taxes under the old regime.
Lavoisier came from French nobility and used his position on aristocratic councils and as an administrator of the Ferme générale — the ancien régime's most hated tax apparatus — to bankroll his laboratory work. Through more precise measurement than his predecessors, he confirmed that mass stays constant in closed systems even as matter changes form, laying the ground for balanced equations. He discovered oxygen's role in combustion in the 1770s, named it in 1778, recognized hydrogen as an element in 1783, helped construct the metric system, and wrote the first extensive list of elements in 178…
Sourced, dated quotes from Antoine Lavoisier
Here, then: a revolution [in science and chemistry] has taken place in an important part of human knowledge since your departure from Europe...
We must trust to nothing but facts: These are presented to us by Nature, and cannot deceive.
The art of concluding from experience and observation consists in evaluating probabilities, in estimating if they are high or numerous enough to constitute proof.
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