1800–1899
The 19th century
Whose names filled the books of the 19th century — anyone at all, however long dead — counted as mentions per million words printed, so a period that simply published more does not inflate anyone.
Talked about then
Whose names appeared most in Chinese books during the 19th century — whenever they lived.
In books written inEnglish18,114German3,599French3,347Italian1,787Spanish1,162Russian325Hebrew105Chinese9
#PersonIn print, 1800–2019Per million words
- 1
Zhu Xi1130–1200 · 12th century · 🇨🇳 China · Writers870 - 2
Li Hongzhang1823–1901 · 19th century · 🇨🇳 China · Politicians149 - 3
Zhang Zhidong1837–1909 · 19th century · Politicians86 - 4
Zuo Zongtang1812–1885 · 19th century · 🇨🇳 China · Politicians43 - 5
Ban Gu32–92 · 1st century · Writers40 - 6
Ge Hong284–364 · 4th century · Academics40 - 7CSChen Shou233–297 · 3rd century · Writers14
- 8
Mao Zedong1893–1976 · 20th century · 🇨🇳 China · Politicians12 - 9
Lu Xun1881–1936 · 20th century · 🇨🇳 China · Writers11
Lived then
The most notable people whose working lives fell in the 19th century, ranked where Wikipedia coverage and readership agree.
#PersonIn print, 1800–2019Echoed
- 1
Simón Bolívar1783–1830 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians21 decades - 2
Bernardo O'Higgins1778–1842 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians21 decades - 3
Agustín I of Mexico1783–1824 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians0 decades - 4
Maria Christina of Austria1858–1929 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 5
Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies1810–1859 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 6
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Manuel Godoy1767–1851 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians22 decades - 7
Carlos de Borbón y Borbón-Parma1788–1855 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians14 decades - 8
Juan Prim, 1st Marquis of los Castillejos1814–1870 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians18 decades - 9
Antonio Cánovas del Castillo1828–1897 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians17 decades - 10
Francisco Morazán1792–1842 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians14 decades - 11
Louis Blanc1811–1882 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians20 decades - 12
José Antonio Páez1790–1873 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians21 decades - 13
Rafael del Riego1784–1823 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians21 decades - 14
Juan José Flores1800–1864 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians21 decades - 15
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Práxedes Mateo Sagasta1825–1903 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians16 decades - 16
Francesc Macià i Llussà1859–1933 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 17
Valentín Gómez Farías1781–1858 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians15 decades - 18
Alejandro Lerroux1864–1949 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians13 decades - 19
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Francisco Pi y Margall1824–1901 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians17 decades - 20
Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre1810–1885 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians12 decades - 21
Emilio Castelar1832–1899 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians17 decades - 22
Pablo Iglesias Posse1850–1925 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians2 decades - 23
Eduardo Dato1856–1921 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians14 decades - 24
Leopoldo O'Donnell, 1st Duke of Tetuan1809–1867 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians18 decades - 25
Estanislao Figueras1819–1882 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians16 decades - 26
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Antonio Maura1853–1925 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians16 decades - 27
Princess María Isabel of Orléans1848–1919 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 28
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José Canalejas1854–1912 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians16 decades - 29
Princess Luisa Carlotta of the Two Sicilies1804–1844 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 30
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Arsenio Martínez-Campos y Antón1831–1900 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians15 decades - 31
Miguel Ricardo de Álava y Esquivel1772–1843 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians1 decades - 32
Antonio Nariño1765–1823 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 33
Juan N. Méndez1820–1894 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians14 decades - 34
Juan Álvarez Mendizábal1790–1853 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 35
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Pascual Madoz1806–1870 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 36
Luis José de Orbegoso1795–1847 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 37
Manuel García-Prieto, 1st Marquis of Alhucemas1859–1938 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians14 decades - 38
Francisco Silvela1843–1905 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 39
Juan Bautista Aznar-Cabañas1860–1933 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 40
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José Rebolledo de Palafox, 1st Duke of Saragossa1775–1847 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 41
Juan Lindo y Zelaya1790–1857 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 42
Juan Bravo Murillo1803–1873 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 43
Eugenio Montero Ríos1832–1914 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 44
Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla1833–1895 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 45
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Francisco Javier de Elío1767–1822 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 46
Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero1832–1915 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 47
Agustín Fernando Muñoz, 1st Duke of Riánsares1808–1873 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 48
Fernando Primo de Rivera y Sobremonte1831–1921 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 49
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Luis María de Borbón y Vallabriga, 14th Count of Chinchón1777–1823 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 50
Raimundo Fernández Villaverde1848–1905 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 51
José de Salamanca, 1st Count of los Llanos1811–1883 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 52
Juan Bautista Topete1821–1885 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 53
Víctor Balaguer i Cirera1824–1901 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians19 decades - 54
Teresa Claramunt1862–1931 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politicians6 decades - 55
Mariano Osorio1777–1819 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 56
Arturo Soria y Mata1844–1920 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 57
Manuel Pavía y Rodríguez de Alburquerque1827–1895 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 58
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José María Queipo de Llano, 7th Count of Toreno1786–1843 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 59
Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte1807–1866 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 60
Melquíades Álvarez1864–1936 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 61
Juan Vázquez de Mella1861–1928 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 62
Manuel Alonso Martínez1827–1891 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 63
José Tomás Boves1782–1815 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 64
Domingo Matheu1765–1831 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 65
Ana María Huarte1786–1861 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 66
Ignacio Agramonte1841–1873 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 67
Agustín Argüelles1776–1844 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 68
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Narciso Clavería y Zaldúa1795–1851 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 69
Valentín Ferraz y Barrau1794–1866 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 70
Manuel Allendesalazar y Muñoz de Salazar1856–1923 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 71
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Diego de los Ríos1850–1911 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 72
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José Ramón Rodil, 1st Marquis of Rodil1789–1853 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 73
Joaquín Jovellar y Soler1819–1892 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 74
José de Posada Herrera1814–1885 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 75
Joaquín Sánchez de Toca Calvo1852–1942 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 76
Ciriaco María Sancha y Hervás1833–1909 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 77
Valentí Almirall i Llozer1841–1904 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 78
Ignacio López Rayón1773–1832 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 79
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José López Domínguez1829–1911 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 80
Juan Soldevila y Romero1843–1923 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 81
Miguel de la Torre y Pando1786–1843 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 82
Fernando Fernández de Córdova, 2nd Marquis of Mendigorría1809–1883 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 83
Pedro Celestino Negrete1777–1846 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 84
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José Gutiérrez de la Concha, 1st Marquis of Havana1809–1895 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 85
Alejandro María Aguado, 1st Marquis of the Guadalquivir Marshes1784–1842 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 86
Rafael Maroto1783–1853 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 87
Francisco Romero Robledo1838–1906 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 88
Francisco Tadeo Calomarde y Arría1773–1842 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 89
Joaquín María López y López1798–1855 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 90
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Manuel Gutiérrez de la Concha1808–1874 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 91
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Rafael de Izquierdo y Gutiérrez1820–1883 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 92
Francisco Cea Bermúdez1779–1850 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 93
Pedro Agustín Girón1778–1842 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 94
Cipriano Portocarrero1784–1839 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 95
Juan de la Cierva y Peñafiel1864–1938 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 96
Gabino Bugallal y Araujo1861–1932 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 97
José Castro1808–1860 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 98
José Tomás Ovalle1787–1831 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 99
Antonio González, 1st Marquis of Valdeterrazo1792–1876 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured— - 100
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Alejandro Pidal y Mon1846–1913 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Politiciansnot measured—
How this is measured
- Placing people in time. Each person belongs to the century in which they were most active — around age 35, and never after their death.
- Who ranks highest. Within a century, people are ranked where two independent signals agree: how many of the world’s Wikipedia language editions cover them, and how many people actually read about them. Article counts alone can be lifted by a person’s own circle; readers cannot.
- Fame in print. The curves count how often a name appears in Google Books from 1800 to 2019, as a share of all the words printed each year, in the person’s own language wherever that corpus exists. Those decades are over, so each measurement is made once and kept.
- What is left out. A lifetime is measured only from 1820, when there is enough print to judge; the five years after a death are skipped as obituaries; and a name shared with someone equally notable is credited to neither.