The fifth Mughal Emperor from 1628 to 1658
He built the Taj Mahal for his dead wife, then spent his last eight years locked in a fort by the son who stole his throne. The symmetry is almost too clean: the emperor who reached the summit of Mughal power died a prisoner watching his monuments through a window.
Shahab-ud-Din Muhammad Khurram was Jahangir's third son, blooded early in campaigns against Rajput kingdoms and Deccan rebels. When his father died in October 1627, he crushed his youngest brother Shahryar Mirza, crowned himself in the Agra Fort, and executed most rivals who might have claimed the throne. His reign brought the Red Fort, the Shah Jahan Mosque, and the Taj Mahal — where his favorite consort Mumtaz Mahal lies — alongside aggressive wars against the Deccan sultanates, clashes with the Portuguese and Safavids, and the grinding famine of 1630–1632. In September 1657, ill and certain…
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