Mumtaz Mahal is read about 1,269 times a day, in 68 languages.
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Something wrong?She died in childbirth at 38, her fourteenth child, and her husband built the Taj Mahal over her grave. The monument is more famous than the woman - a structure cited as a Wonder of the World, raised in grief by the fifth Mughal emperor for the wife who bore him an empire's worth of heirs.
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Born Arjumand Banu Begum in Agra on 27 April 1593, she came from Persian nobility: her father Abu'l-Hasan Asaf Khan held high office, her aunt Nur Jahan was Empress and the power behind Emperor Jahangir. Betrothed to Prince Khurram at 14, she married him at 19 on 10 May 1612, becoming his second wife and receiving the title Mumtaz Mahal. When he took the throne as Shah Jahan in 1628, she became Empress, bearing him 14 children over their marriage - among them Jahanara Begum, his favorite daughter, and Dara Shikoh, the heir he chose but who would lose the throne to their third son Aurangzeb. She died on 17 June 1631 in Burhanpur during the birth of her last child, a daughter named Gauhar Ara Begum. Shah Jahan commissioned the Taj Mahal in Agra to serve as her tomb, and no accepted likeness of her survives - only imagined portraits painted centuries after she was gone.
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