1800–1899
The 19th century
Whose names filled the books of the 19th century — anyone at all, however long dead — counted as mentions per million words printed, so a period that simply published more does not inflate anyone.
Talked about then
Whose names appeared most in Chinese books during the 19th century — whenever they lived.
In books written inEnglish18,114German3,599French3,347Italian1,787Spanish1,162Russian325Hebrew105Chinese9
#PersonIn print, 1800–2019Per million words
- 1
Zhu Xi1130–1200 · 12th century · 🇨🇳 China · Writers870 - 2
Li Hongzhang1823–1901 · 19th century · 🇨🇳 China · Politicians149 - 3
Zhang Zhidong1837–1909 · 19th century · Politicians86 - 4
Zuo Zongtang1812–1885 · 19th century · 🇨🇳 China · Politicians43 - 5
Ban Gu32–92 · 1st century · Writers40 - 6
Ge Hong284–364 · 4th century · Academics40 - 7CSChen Shou233–297 · 3rd century · Writers14
- 8
Mao Zedong1893–1976 · 20th century · 🇨🇳 China · Politicians12 - 9
Lu Xun1881–1936 · 20th century · 🇨🇳 China · Writers11
Lived then
The most notable people whose working lives fell in the 19th century, ranked where Wikipedia coverage and readership agree.
#PersonIn print, 1800–2019Echoed
- 1
Isaac Albéniz1860–1909 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musicians12 decades - 2
Francisco Tárrega1852–1909 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musicians16 decades - 3
Pablo de Sarasate1844–1908 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musicians11 decades - 4
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Adelina Patti1843–1919 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musicians16 decades - 5
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Fernando Sor1778–1839 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musicians11 decades - 6
Carlos Manuel de Céspedes del Castillo1819–1874 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 7
Juan Crisóstomo de Arriaga1806–1826 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musicians1 decades - 8
Antonio de Torres Jurado1817–1892 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 9
Isabella Colbran1784–1845 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 10
Sebastián Iradier1809–1865 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 11
Ruperto Chapí1851–1909 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 12
Felip Pedrell1841–1922 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musicians15 decades - 13
Tomás Bretón1850–1923 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 14
Dionisio Aguado y García1784–1849 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 15
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Manuel García1805–1906 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 16
Federico Chueca1846–1908 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 17
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Francisco Asenjo Barbieri1823–1894 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 18
Emilio Arrieta1821–1894 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 19
Julián Gayarre1844–1890 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 20
Enrique Fernández Arbós1863–1939 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 21
José María Ventura Casas1817–1875 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 22
Jaume Nunó1824–1908 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 23
Ramón Carnicer1789–1855 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 24
Julián Arcas1832–1882 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 25
Gerónimo Giménez1854–1923 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 26
Hilarión Eslava1807–1878 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 27
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Jesús de Monasterio1836–1903 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 28
Joaquín Gaztambide1822–1870 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 29
Josep Anselm Clavé1824–1874 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 30
Clotilde Cerdà i Bosch1861–1926 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 31
José María Iparraguirre1820–1881 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 32
Pedro Albéniz1795–1855 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 33
María Dolores Rodríguez Sopeña1848–1918 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 34
Elena Sanz1844–1898 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 35CBCarles Baguer1768–1808 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured—
- 36
Mariano Padilla y Ramos1843–1906 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 37
Cristóbal Oudrid1825–1877 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 38
Marcial del Adalid y Gurréa1826–1881 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured—
- 39
Joaquín Valverde Durán1846–1910 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 40
Pascual Veiga1842–1906 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 41
Francisco Viñas1863–1933 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 42
Santiago de Masarnau Fernández1805–1882 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 43
Valentin María de Zubiaurre1837–1914 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 44
Joan Baptista Pujol1835–1898 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 45
Narcisa Freixas1859–1926 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 46
José Melchor Gomis1791–1836 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 47
José María Bocabella1815–1892 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 48
Miguel Marqués1843–1918 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 49JRJulián Ribera1858–1934 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured—
- 50
Lorenza Correa1770–1831 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 51NRNicolás Ruiz Espadero1832–1890 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured—
- 52
Francesc Alió1862–1908 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 53
Eloísa D’Herbil1842–1943 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 54
Jacques Bosch1825–1895 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 55
Eugenia Osterberger1852–1932 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 56
Manuel Fernández Caballero1835–1906 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 57
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Emilio Serrano y Ruiz1850–1939 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 58
Amalia Ramírez1834–1918 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 59
Teobaldo Power y Lugo Viña1848–1884 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 60
Juan Morel Campos1857–1896 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 61
José Tragó1856–1934 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 62
Francesc Andreví1786–1853 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 63
José Inzenga1828–1891 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 64
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Baltasar Saldoni1807–1889 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 65
Claudio S. Grafulla1812–1880 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 66
Guillermo Morphy1836–1899 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 67
Xoán Montes Capón1840–1899 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 68
Aniya la Gitana1855–1933 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 69
Enrique Jiménez Fernández1848–1906 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 70RHRafael Hernando1822–1888 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured—
- 71
Carolina Casanova de Cepeda1847–1910 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 72RARafael Aceves y Lozano1837–1876 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured—
- 73CCCarles Casals i Ribes1852–1908 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured—
- 74
Paco de Lucena1859–1898 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 75
Antoni Nicolau1858–1933 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 76PDPilar Defilló Amiguet1853–1931 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured—
- 77
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Luisa de Madrazo y Garreta1836–1884 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 78
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Gabriel Balart1824–1893 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 79APAgustín Pérez Soriano1846–1907 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured—
- 80
Marià Obiols i Tramullas1809–1888 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 81
Juan María Guelbenzu1819–1886 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 82
Mariano Soriano1817–1880 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 83JAJuan Aulí1796–1870 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured—
- 84JEJoaquín Espín y Guillén1812–1882 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured—
- 85DCDomingo Crisanto Delgado Gómez1806–1858 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured—
- 86
Soledad Bengoecha de Cármena1849–1893 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 87
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Antonio Peña y Goñi1846–1896 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 88
Vicenç Cuyàs1816–1839 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 89
José Juan Santesteban1809–1884 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 90JRJosefa Ruiz-García1803–1850 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured—
- 91
Àurea Rosa Clavé i Soler1856–1940 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 92
Elisa Zamacois1838–1915 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 93
Amalia Anglès y Mayer1827–1859 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 94
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Apolinar Brull1845–1905 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 95
Cándido Candi1844–1911 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 96
Manuela Oreiro Lema de Vega1818–1854 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured— - 97AMAna María de Armas y Clós1863–1939 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Musiciansnot measured—
How this is measured
- Placing people in time. Each person belongs to the century in which they were most active — around age 35, and never after their death.
- Who ranks highest. Within a century, people are ranked where two independent signals agree: how many of the world’s Wikipedia language editions cover them, and how many people actually read about them. Article counts alone can be lifted by a person’s own circle; readers cannot.
- Fame in print. The curves count how often a name appears in Google Books from 1800 to 2019, as a share of all the words printed each year, in the person’s own language wherever that corpus exists. Those decades are over, so each measurement is made once and kept.
- What is left out. A lifetime is measured only from 1820, when there is enough print to judge; the five years after a death are skipped as obituaries; and a name shared with someone equally notable is credited to neither.