King of Sweden and Norway between 1844–1859 (1799–1859)
A French marshal's son who became king of two countries and ran them better than most native-born royals ever managed — the Riksdag itself said so in 1857.
Born Joseph François Oscar Bernadotte on 4 July 1799, he was the only child of Charles XIV John, a former Napoleonic marshal who'd somehow ended up founding Sweden's ruling house. Oscar inherited the Swedish and Norwegian thrones on 8 March 1844 when his father died. Where Charles XIV John had governed with a tight grip, Oscar opened things up: he pursued liberal reforms, eased tensions between the two kingdoms under his crown, and generally made the state work. By 1857 the Riksdag — Sweden's parliament — formally told him he'd done more for the country's material prosperity than any king befo…
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