King of Sweden from 1872 to 1907 and Norway from 1872 to 1905 (1829–1907)
The last king to rule both Sweden and Norway, who watched a centuries-old union fracture and finally dissolve under his crown in 1905.
Oscar Fredrik was born in 1829, the son of King Oscar I and Queen Josephine. He ascended to the thrones of both Sweden and Norway in 1872 after his brother's death, inheriting two kingdoms in the middle of industrialization and technological transformation. For three decades he presided over the fraying Union of Sweden and Norway as political tensions steadily mounted. In 1905 the union collapsed entirely, and the Norwegian throne passed to his grandnephew Prince Carl of Denmark, who took the name Haakon VII. Oscar remained King of Sweden alone until his death in 1907, succeeded by his eldest…
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