Luís I of Portugal

Born 31 October 1838 as the Duke of Porto, Luís Filipe Maria Fernando Pedro was the younger son of Queen Maria II and King Ferdinand II, a prince of the House of Braganza never meant to wear the crown. When his elder brother Pedro V died in 1861, Luís inherited a throne he hadn't expected. He reigned for twenty-eight years, from 1861 until his death on 19 October 1889, managing the Portuguese monarchy through an era when Europe's old royal houses were losing their grip. His subjects called him "the Popular," a title that suggests he kept their favor even as the world around him shifted.