Maria II of Portugal

Maria was born in Rio de Janeiro in 1819, first child of the future Emperor Dom Pedro I of Brazil. When her grandfather died in 1826, her father inherited Portugal's throne but abdicated almost immediately in her favor - she was seven, still in Brazil, with an aunt serving as regent. Her uncle Miguel was named regent next and engaged to marry her when she came of age, but in early 1828 he declared himself king instead. Maria arrived at Gibraltar just in time to learn she'd been deposed, spent years in England and France while her father led a military campaign to reclaim her throne, and didn't step onto Portuguese soil until 1833 when Lisbon fell to her supporters. Restored in 1834, she married Auguste, Duke of Leuchtenberg, in January 1835; he died two months later. She remarried Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in 1836 - proclaimed King Fernando II after their first son was born - and faced a succession of difficult pregnancies. She died in childbirth in 1853 at thirty-four, succeeded by her eldest son Pedro V.