Claim profile
1800–1899

The 19th century

Whose names filled the books of the 19th century — anyone at all, however long dead — counted as mentions per million words printed, so a period that simply published more does not inflate anyone.

Talked about then

Whose names appeared most in Russian books during the 19th century — whenever they lived.

In books written inEnglish18,114German3,599French3,347Italian1,787Spanish1,162Russian325Hebrew105Chinese9
  1. 1Patriarch Nikon of MoscowPatriarch Nikon of Moscow1605–1681 · 17th century · Religious Figures6.7
  2. 2Macarius, Metropolitan of MoscowMacarius, Metropolitan of Moscow1482–1563 · 16th century · Writers3.1
  3. 3Nikolai RezanovNikolai Rezanov1764–1807 · 18th century · Historical Figures1.3
  4. 4Boris GodunovBoris Godunov1552–1605 · 16th century · Politicians0.99
  5. 5Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich of RussiaGrand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich of Russia1859–1919 · 19th century · Historical Figures0.94
  6. 6Patriarch JoachimPatriarch Joachim1621–1690 · 17th century0.86
  7. 7Vasili IV of RussiaVasili IV of Russia1552–1612 · 16th century · Historical Figures0.86
  8. 8Nikolay KaramzinNikolay Karamzin1766–1826 · 19th century · Writers0.85
  9. 9Nicholas Alexandrovich, Tsesarevich of RussiaNicholas Alexandrovich, Tsesarevich of Russia1843–1865 · 19th century · Historical Figures0.83
  10. 10Anna of RussiaAnna of Russia1693–1740 · 18th century · Politicians0.82
  11. 11Nikolay SemyonovNikolay Semyonov1896–1986 · 20th century · Scientists0.75
  12. 12Ivan I of TverIvan I of Tver1357–1425 · 14th century · Historical Figures0.66
  13. 13Avraamy PalitsynAvraamy Palitsyn1550–1626 · 16th century · Writers0.64
  14. 14Ivan I Aleksandrovich, Prince of SmolenskIvan I Aleksandrovich, Prince of Smolenskdied 1359 · 14th century0.62
  15. 15Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich of RussiaGrand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich of Russia1779–1831 · 19th century · Politicians0.62
  16. 16Elizabeth of RussiaElizabeth of Russia1709–1761 · 18th century · Historical Figures0.58
  17. 17Alexandra VelyaminovaAlexandra Velyaminova1301–1364 · 14th century0.57
  18. 18Peter the GreatPeter the Great1672–1725 · 18th century · Politicians0.53
  19. 19Maximus the GreekMaximus the Greek1475–1556 · 16th century · Writers0.53
  20. 20Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of RussiaGrand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia1783–1801 · 19th century · Historical Figures0.43
  21. 21Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich of RussiaGrand Duke Peter Nikolaevich of Russia1864–1931 · 19th century · Historical Figures0.42
  22. 22Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of RussiaGrand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia1832–1909 · 19th century · Politicians0.42
  23. 23Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of RussiaGrand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia1895–1918 · 20th century · Historical Figures0.39
  24. 24Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of RussiaGrand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia1827–1892 · 19th century · Historical Figures0.39
  25. 25Grigory OrlovGrigory Orlov1734–1783 · 18th century · Historical Figures0.38
  26. 26Alexander I of RussiaAlexander I of Russia1777–1825 · 19th century · Historical Figures0.36
  27. 27Leo TolstoyLeo Tolstoy1828–1910 · 19th century · Writers0.35
  28. 28Alexander BestuzhevAlexander Bestuzhev1797–1837 · 19th century · Writers0.34
  29. 29Ivan the TerribleIvan the Terrible1530–1584 · 16th century · Politicians0.33
  30. 30Pyotr PaninPyotr Panin1721–1789 · 18th century0.33
  31. 31Ippolit BogdanovichIppolit Bogdanovich1743–1803 · 18th century · Writers0.33
  32. 32Peter III of RussiaPeter III of Russia1728–1762 · 18th century · 🇩🇪 Germany · Historical Figures0.31
  33. 33Stefan YavorskyStefan Yavorsky1658–1722 · 17th century · Academics0.30
  34. 34Grigory PotemkinGrigory Potemkin1739–1791 · 18th century · Politicians0.30
  35. 35Boris of TverBoris of Tver1400–1461 · 15th century0.29
  36. 36Ivan MazepaIvan Mazepa1639–1709 · 17th century · Politicians0.29
  37. 37Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of RussiaGrand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia1899–1918 · 20th century · Historical Figures0.29
  38. 38Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of RussiaGrand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia1850–1908 · 19th century · Historical Figures0.29
  39. 39Vasily Vasilyevich GolitsynVasily Vasilyevich Golitsyn1643–1714 · 17th century · Politicians0.28
  40. 40Paul I of RussiaPaul I of Russia1754–1801 · 18th century · Historical Figures0.28
  41. 41Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of RussiaGrand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia1860–1919 · 19th century · Politicians0.28
  42. 42Ivan Ivanovich ShuvalovIvan Ivanovich Shuvalov1727–1797 · 18th century · Writers0.28
  43. 43Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich of RussiaAlexei Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia1690–1718 · 18th century · Politicians0.27
  44. 44Nicholas I of RussiaNicholas I of Russia1796–1855 · 19th century · Models0.26
  45. 45Alexander PushkinAlexander Pushkin1799–1837 · 19th century · Writers0.26
  46. 46Dimitry of RostovDimitry of Rostov1651–1709 · 17th century · Writers0.26
  47. 47Alexander GriboyedovAlexander Griboyedov1795–1829 · 19th century · Politicians0.25
  48. 48Alexander HerzenAlexander Herzen1812–1870 · 19th century · 🇨🇭 Switzerland · Writers0.24
  49. 49Vissarion BelinskyVissarion Belinsky1811–1848 · 19th century · Academics0.23
  50. 50Konstantin AksakovKonstantin Aksakov1817–1860 · 19th century · Writers0.23
  51. 51Nikita PaninNikita Panin1718–1783 · 18th century · Politicians0.22
  52. 52Symeon of PolotskSymeon of Polotsk1629–1680 · 17th century · Writers0.21
  53. 53Aleksei Musin-PushkinAleksei Musin-Pushkin1744–1817 · 18th century · Writers0.21
  54. 54Alexis of RussiaAlexis of Russia1629–1676 · 17th century · Historical Figures0.21
  55. 55Xenia ShestovaXenia Shestova1560–1631 · 16th century0.20
  56. 56Mikhail LermontovMikhail Lermontov1814–1841 · 19th century · Writers0.19
  57. 57Olga Nikolaevna of RussiaOlga Nikolaevna of Russia1822–1892 · 19th century · Historical Figures0.19
  58. 58Pavel FedotovPavel Fedotov1815–1852 · 19th century · Artists0.19
  59. 59Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich of RussiaGrand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich of Russia1858–1915 · 19th century · Writers0.19
  60. 60Dmitry ShuiskyDmitry Shuisky1560–1612 · 16th century0.19
  61. 61Alexey VenetsianovAlexey Venetsianov1780–1847 · 19th century · Artists0.18
  62. 62Nikolay Alexandrovich LvovNikolay Alexandrovich Lvov1753–1803 · 18th century · Academics0.18
  63. 63Catherine Pavlovna of RussiaCatherine Pavlovna of Russia1788–1819 · 19th century · Historical Figures0.18
  64. 64Fyodor AlekseyevFyodor Alekseyev1755–1824 · 18th century · Artists0.18
  65. 65Grand Duchess Alexandra Nikolaevna of RussiaGrand Duchess Alexandra Nikolaevna of Russia1825–1844 · 19th century · Historical Figures0.17
  66. 66Konstantin BatyushkovKonstantin Batyushkov1787–1855 · 19th century · Writers0.15
  67. 67Mykhailo MaksymovychMykhailo Maksymovych1804–1873 · 19th century · Writers0.15
  68. 68Nicholas RepninNicholas Repnin1734–1801 · 18th century · Writers0.15
  69. 69Kirill RazumovskyKirill Razumovsky1728–1803 · 18th century · Politicians0.14
  70. 70Grand Duchess Natalya Alexeyevna of RussiaGrand Duchess Natalya Alexeyevna of Russia1714–1728 · 18th century0.14
  71. 71Natalya Alexeevna of RussiaNatalya Alexeevna of Russia1673–1716 · 18th century · Writers0.14
  72. 72Nikolai LeskovNikolai Leskov1831–1895 · 19th century · Writers0.13
  73. 73Aleksei Fedorovich AdashevAleksei Fedorovich Adashev1510–1561 · 16th century · Politicians0.13
  74. 74Alexander ShishkovAlexander Shishkov1754–1841 · 18th century · Writers0.13
  75. 75Joseph VolotskyJoseph Volotsky1440–1515 · 15th century · Writers0.12
  76. 76Alexander MenshikovAlexander Menshikov1673–1729 · 18th century · Politicians0.12
  77. 77Nikolay DobrolyubovNikolay Dobrolyubov1836–1861 · 19th century · Academics0.11
  78. 78Ivan the YoungIvan the Young1458–1490 · 15th century · Historical Figures0.11
  79. 79Konstantin of UglichKonstantin of Uglich1389–1434 · 15th century0.11
  80. 80Dmitry PozharskyDmitry Pozharsky1577–1642 · 17th century · Politicians0.11
  81. 81Gleb UspenskyGleb Uspensky1843–1902 · 19th century · Writers0.10
  82. 82Pyotr Andreyevich TolstoyPyotr Andreyevich Tolstoy1645–1729 · 17th century · Writers0.10
  83. 83Alexander SuvorovAlexander Suvorov1730–1800 · 18th century0.10
  84. 84Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of RussiaGrand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia1871–1899 · 19th century · Historical Figures0.10
  85. 85Alexander IvanovAlexander Ivanov1806–1858 · 19th century · Artists0.10
  86. 86Ivan KrylovIvan Krylov1769–1844 · 19th century · Writers0.09
  87. 87Ivan DmitrievIvan Dmitriev1760–1837 · 18th century · Writers0.09
  88. 88Alexander Sergeyevich MenshikovAlexander Sergeyevich Menshikov1787–1869 · 19th century · Politicians0.09
  89. 89Mikhail of TverMikhail of Tver1271–1318 · 14th century · Politicians0.08
  90. 90Peter Ivanovich ShuvalovPeter Ivanovich Shuvalov1711–1762 · 18th century · Politicians0.08
  91. 91Maxim GorkyMaxim Gorky1868–1936 · 20th century · Writers0.08
  92. 92Vladimir OdoevskyVladimir Odoevsky1803–1869 · 19th century · Writers0.08
  93. 93Oleg I of ChernigovOleg I of Chernigov1052–1115 · 11th century · Historical Figures0.08
  94. 94Mikhail VorontsovMikhail Vorontsov1782–1856 · 19th century · Politicians0.08
  95. 95Faddey BulgarinFaddey Bulgarin1789–1859 · 19th century · Writers0.08
  96. 96Tikhon of ZadonskTikhon of Zadonsk1724–1783 · 18th century · Religious Figures0.08
  97. 97Konstantin of RostovKonstantin of Rostov1185–1218 · 13th century · Politicians0.08
  98. 98Peter II of RussiaPeter II of Russia1715–1730 · 18th century · Politicians0.08
  99. 99Kirill II of KyivKirill II of Kyiv1250–1280 · 13th century0.08
  100. 100Alexander II of RussiaAlexander II of Russia1818–1881 · 19th century · Historical Figures0.08

Lived then

The most notable people whose working lives fell in the 19th century, ranked where Wikipedia coverage and readership agree.

CountryAll🇺🇸 United States🇫🇷 France🇩🇪 Germany🇬🇧 United Kingdom🇮🇹 Italy🇪🇸 Spain🇯🇵 Japan🇦🇹 Austria🇹🇷 Turkey🇸🇪 Sweden
FieldAllPoliticiansWritersHistorical FiguresScientistsAcademicsArtistsMusiciansDoctorsFoundersJournalists
  1. 1Theodor HerzlTheodor Herzl1860–1904 · Journalists13 decades
  2. 2Nellie BlyNellie Bly1864–1922 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalists13 decades
  3. 3Henry Morton StanleyHenry Morton Stanley1841–1904 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Journalists7 decades
  4. 4Ambrose BierceAmbrose Bierce1842–1914 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalists13 decades
  5. 5Ida B. WellsIda B. Wells1862–1931 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalists6 decades
  6. 6Henry AdamsHenry Adams1838–1918 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalists19 decades
  7. 7William Lloyd GarrisonWilliam Lloyd Garrison1805–1879 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalists19 decades
  8. 8Carrie Chapman CattCarrie Chapman Catt1859–1947 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalists12 decades
  9. 9Frederick Law OlmstedFrederick Law Olmsted1822–1903 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalists16 decades
  10. 10Wilhelm LiebknechtWilhelm Liebknecht1826–1900 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Journalists13 decades
  11. 11Soh JaipilSoh Jaipil1864–1951 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalistsnot measured—
  12. 12Melvil DeweyMelvil Dewey1851–1931 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalists15 decades
  13. 13Ida TarbellIda Tarbell1857–1944 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalists12 decades
  14. 14William Thomas SteadWilliam Thomas Stead1849–1912 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Journalists0 decades
  15. 15Walter BagehotWalter Bagehot1826–1877 · 🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Journalists16 decades
  16. 16Moses MontefioreMoses Montefiore1784–1885 · Journalists19 decades
  17. 17Lucy StoneLucy Stone1818–1893 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalists17 decades
  18. 18Andrew Barton PatersonAndrew Barton Paterson1864–1941 · 🇦🇺 Australia · Journalists0 decades
  19. 19Matilde SeraoMatilde Serao1856–1927 · Journalists15 decades
  20. 20Charles DowCharles Dow1851–1902 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalists0 decades
  21. 21Hubertine AuclertHubertine Auclert1848–1914 · Journalists7 decades
  22. 22Jules VallèsJules Vallès1832–1885 · 🇫🇷 France · Journalists16 decades
  23. 23Lucy ParsonsLucy Parsons1851–1942 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalists2 decades
  24. 24Benjamin TuckerBenjamin Tucker1854–1939 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalists3 decades
  25. 25Nicolás AvellanedaNicolás Avellaneda1837–1885 · 🇦🇷 Argentina · Journalists17 decades
  26. 26Jules GuesdeJules Guesde1845–1922 · 🇫🇷 France · Journalists14 decades
  27. 27Draga MašinDraga Mašin1861–1903 · Journalistsnot measured—
  28. 28Matilda Joslyn GageMatilda Joslyn Gage1826–1898 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalists5 decades
  29. 29Amelia BloomerAmelia Bloomer1818–1894 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalists6 decades
  30. 30Jean-Baptiste Henri LacordaireJean-Baptiste Henri Lacordaire1802–1861 · 🇫🇷 France · Journalists14 decades
  31. 31Édouard DrumontÉdouard Drumont1844–1917 · 🇫🇷 France · Journalists14 decades
  32. 32Bertha PappenheimBertha Pappenheim1859–1936 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Journalists6 decades
  33. 33Isabella BeetonIsabella Beeton1836–1865 · Journalists0 decades
  34. 34Jean-Baptiste Alphonse KarrJean-Baptiste Alphonse Karr1808–1890 · 🇫🇷 France · Journalists19 decades
  35. 35Joel Chandler HarrisJoel Chandler Harris1848–1908 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalists14 decades
  36. 36Carlos PellegriniCarlos Pellegrini1846–1906 · 🇦🇷 Argentina · Journalists15 decades
  37. 37Gaetano MoscaGaetano Mosca1858–1941 · Journalists14 decades
  38. 38Rifa'a at-TahtawiRifa'a at-Tahtawi1801–1873 · Journalists0 decades
  39. 39Vladimir GilyarovskyVladimir Gilyarovsky1855–1935 · Journalists5 decades
  40. 40Wilhelm MarrWilhelm Marr1819–1904 · Journalists10 decades
  41. 41Victor NoirVictor Noir1848–1870 · 🇫🇷 France · Journalistsnot measured—
  42. 42Simon Bolivar BucknerSimon Bolivar Buckner1823–1914 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalists1 decades
  43. 43Sen KatayamaSen Katayama1859–1933 · 🇯🇵 Japan · Journalists0 decades
  44. 44Johannes ZukertortJohannes Zukertort1842–1888 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Journalists0 decades
  45. 45Dmitry PisarevDmitry Pisarev1840–1868 · Journalists10 decades
  46. 46Luigi CapuanaLuigi Capuana1839–1915 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Journalists15 decades
  47. 47Cristina Trivulzio BelgiojosoCristina Trivulzio Belgiojoso1808–1871 · Journalists1 decades
  48. 48Daniel De LeonDaniel De Leon1852–1914 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalists8 decades
  49. 49Alexandre HerculanoAlexandre Herculano1810–1877 · Journalists0 decades
  50. 50Mariano MorenoMariano Moreno1778–1811 · 🇦🇷 Argentina · Journalistsnot measured—
  51. 51August Vincent Theodore SpiesAugust Vincent Theodore Spies1855–1887 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalistsnot measured—
  52. 52Anton DelvigAnton Delvig1798–1831 · Journalists6 decades
  53. 53Jean-Lambert TallienJean-Lambert Tallien1767–1820 · 🇫🇷 France · Journalists0 decades
  54. 54Hryhorii Kvitka-OsnovianenkoHryhorii Kvitka-Osnovianenko1778–1843 · Journalists0 decades
  55. 55Rufus Wilmot GriswoldRufus Wilmot Griswold1815–1857 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalists0 decades
  56. 56William Lyon MackenzieWilliam Lyon Mackenzie1795–1861 · 🇨🇦 Canada · Journalistsnot measured—
  57. 57Ignacio Manuel AltamiranoIgnacio Manuel Altamirano1834–1893 · 🇲🇽 Mexico · Journalists15 decades
  58. 58Louis Charles DelescluzeLouis Charles Delescluze1809–1871 · 🇫🇷 France · Journalistsnot measured—
  59. 59Enrico FerriEnrico Ferri1856–1929 · Journalists15 decades
  60. 60Ernesto Teodoro MonetaErnesto Teodoro Moneta1833–1918 · 🇮🇹 Italy · Journalists11 decades
  61. 61Helen Churchill CandeeHelen Churchill Candee1858–1949 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalistsnot measured—
  62. 62Marguerite DurandMarguerite Durand1864–1936 · 🇫🇷 France · Journalists13 decades
  63. 63Gideon WellesGideon Welles1802–1878 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalistsnot measured—
  64. 64Mikhail KatkovMikhail Katkov1818–1887 · Journalists4 decades
  65. 65Francesco Maria PiaveFrancesco Maria Piave1810–1876 · Journalists15 decades
  66. 66Henri RochefortHenri Rochefort1831–1913 · 🇫🇷 France · Journalists17 decades
  67. 67Maximilian HardenMaximilian Harden1861–1927 · 🇩🇪 Germany · Journalistsnot measured—
  68. 68Félix FénéonFélix Fénéon1861–1944 · 🇫🇷 France · Journalists13 decades
  69. 69Élie DucommunÉlie Ducommun1833–1906 · 🇨🇭 Switzerland · Journalists0 decades
  70. 70Albert ParsonsAlbert Parsons1848–1887 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalistsnot measured—
  71. 71Helen Hunt JacksonHelen Hunt Jackson1830–1885 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalists14 decades
  72. 72Nathan BirnbaumNathan Birnbaum1864–1937 · 🇦🇹 Austria · Journalistsnot measured—
  73. 73Henry Jarvis RaymondHenry Jarvis Raymond1820–1869 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalistsnot measured—
  74. 74William Howard RussellWilliam Howard Russell1820–1907 · Journalists10 decades
  75. 75Alfred Hermann FriedAlfred Hermann Fried1864–1921 · 🇦🇹 Austria · Journalists3 decades
  76. 76Friedrich Albert LangeFriedrich Albert Lange1828–1875 · Journalists15 decades
  77. 77Michael DavittMichael Davitt1846–1906 · Journalistsnot measured—
  78. 78Adolph OchsAdolph Ochs1858–1935 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalistsnot measured—
  79. 79Bat MastersonBat Masterson1853–1921 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalistsnot measured—
  80. 80Maria DeraismesMaria Deraismes1828–1894 · 🇫🇷 France · Journalists9 decades
  81. 81Pieter Jelles TroelstraPieter Jelles Troelstra1860–1930 · 🇳🇱 Netherlands · Journalists0 decades
  82. 82Anna WhitlockAnna Whitlock1852–1930 · 🇸🇪 Sweden · Journalistsnot measured—
  83. 83Louise Otto-PetersLouise Otto-Peters1819–1895 · Journalistsnot measured—
  84. 84Edwin ArnoldEdwin Arnold1832–1904 · Journalists17 decades
  85. 85Aleksey SuvorinAleksey Suvorin1834–1912 · Journalistsnot measured—
  86. 86Sydney SmithSydney Smith1771–1845 · Journalists22 decades
  87. 87Lysander SpoonerLysander Spooner1808–1887 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalists2 decades
  88. 88Laurence OliphantLaurence Oliphant1829–1888 · Journalistsnot measured—
  89. 89James Gordon Bennett Jr.James Gordon Bennett Jr.1841–1918 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalistsnot measured—
  90. 90Luiz GamaLuiz Gama1830–1882 · 🇧🇷 Brazil · Journalistsnot measured—
  91. 91José María de PeredaJosé María de Pereda1833–1906 · 🇪🇸 Spain · Journalists16 decades
  92. 92Bharatendu HarishchandraBharatendu Harishchandra1850–1885 · Journalistsnot measured—
  93. 93Maurice JolyMaurice Joly1829–1878 · 🇫🇷 France · Journalistsnot measured—
  94. 94Frances Benjamin JohnstonFrances Benjamin Johnston1864–1952 · 🇺🇸 United States · Journalistsnot measured—
  95. 95José Joaquín Fernández de LizardiJosé Joaquín Fernández de Lizardi1776–1827 · 🇲🇽 Mexico · Journalistsnot measured—
  96. 96Henry HyndmanHenry Hyndman1842–1921 · Journalists0 decades
  97. 97Abderrashid IbrahimAbderrashid Ibrahim1857–1944 · Journalistsnot measured—
  98. 98Louis VeuillotLouis Veuillot1813–1883 · 🇫🇷 France · Journalistsnot measured—
  99. 99Ernest Belfort BaxErnest Belfort Bax1854–1926 · Journalists0 decades
  100. 100Anna Maria MozzoniAnna Maria Mozzoni1837–1920 · Journalistsnot measured—

How this is measured

  • Placing people in time. Each person belongs to the century in which they were most active — around age 35, and never after their death.
  • Who ranks highest. Within a century, people are ranked where two independent signals agree: how many of the world’s Wikipedia language editions cover them, and how many people actually read about them. Article counts alone can be lifted by a person’s own circle; readers cannot.
  • Fame in print. The curves count how often a name appears in Google Books from 1800 to 2019, as a share of all the words printed each year, in the person’s own language wherever that corpus exists. Those decades are over, so each measurement is made once and kept.
  • What is left out. A lifetime is measured only from 1820, when there is enough print to judge; the five years after a death are skipped as obituaries; and a name shared with someone equally notable is credited to neither.