Xerxes I
Fifth Achaemenid emperor (486-465 BC) · Politicians · Lived 519 BC to 465 BC · aged 54
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Something wrong?He inherited the largest empire on earth, crossed into Europe with an army that drank rivers dry, burned Athens to ash - and lost. The Greek campaign that broke Persian expansion westward still defines him 2,500 years later.
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National Museum of Iran Darafsh (784)
Anatolian Soldiers of Xerxes army
Artaxerxes plate
Astronomical tablet BM 32234_by_his_son_and_a_lunar_eclipse_(609-447_BCE)._From_Babylon%2C_Iraq._British_Museum.jpg?width=1200)
Clay tablet. The cuneiform text mentions the murder of Xerxes I (r. 485-465 BCE) by his son and a lunar eclipse (609-447 BCE). From Babylon, Iraq. British Museum
Designation of Xerxes I
Jar of Xerxes I 1862In their own words 3
, ... When I became king, I built much excellent (construction). What had been built by my father (Darius I), that I protected, and other building I added.
And among these countries there was a place where previously daiva [demons] were worshiped.
When I became king, there is among these countries one which was in rebellion. Afterwards Ahuramazda bore me aid.
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Xerxes became King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire in 486 BC after his father Darius chose him over an elder brother, inheriting a sprawling multi-ethnic realm. He opened his reign by crushing revolts in Egypt and Babylon, then turned west to finish what Darius had started: punishing Athens for meddling in the Ionian Revolt. In 480 BC he led a massive force across the Hellespont, won at Thermopylae and Artemisium, and razed Athens - but his navy shattered at Salamis. Fearing entrapment, he withdrew to Asia and left his general Mardonius to continue; Mardonius fell at Plataea the next year, ending the invasion. Back in Persia, Xerxes poured himself into construction, completing the Gate of All Nations and the Apadana at Persepolis and expanding his father's palace at Susa. In 465 BC the commander of his own bodyguard, Artabanus, assassinated him and his heir; his third son took the throne as Artaxerxes I.
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