Emperor of Ethiopia (1818–1868)
The Ethiopian emperor who ended a century of warlord chaos by force, then locked himself into a fortress and shot himself when the British came for him in 1868.
Baptized Kassa around 1818, Tewodros II rose from the fragmented Era of the Princes to claim the Ethiopian throne in 1855, determined to rebuild a centralized state that had splintered into feuding regions. He subdued Shewa and other provinces through relentless campaigns, adopting a Shewan prince named Sahle Maryam as his own son—the future Menelik II. Between roughly 1861 and 1863 the empire saw relative calm, and Tewodros pushed reforms: salaried governors, a standing professional army, tax codes, a library, new administrative districts. But his attempt to tax church lands made enemies of t…
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