Ukrainian military leader (1879–1926)
He led Ukraine's bid for independence during the chaos of the Russian Civil War, then died on a Paris street — shot by a man whose family was killed in the pogroms that happened under his army's watch.
Petliura was born in 1879 to a Cossack family in Poltava and spent his early years as a socialist journalist pushing Ukrainian nationalism. After the February Revolution toppled the Tsar in 1917, the Ukrainian People's Republic declared itself and Petliura became head of its military. A brief German-backed interlude collapsed in late 1918; Petliura and the socialist Directorate revolted, restored the Republic, and by early 1919 he was leading it as Bolshevik forces closed in. Desperate, he allied with Poland's Piłsudski — the war ended with Poland independent, some border territory traded, and…
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