Albanian noble and military commander (1405–1468)
He spent twenty years rising through Ottoman ranks, then defected mid-battle and spent the next quarter-century beating them back. Skanderbeg turned Albania into the empire's most stubborn obstacle at the height of its power, and died undefeated.
Gjergj Kastrioti was born around 1405 into Albanian nobility, handed over as a hostage to the Ottoman court, and trained at the Enderun School. For two decades he served Sultan Murad II, climbing to sanjakbey of Dibra by 1440. In 1443, during the Battle of Nish, he deserted, seized control of Krujë and surrounding territory, and by March 1444 had founded the League of Lezhë, unifying Albanian principalities under his command. In 1451 he struck a deal with Naples — formal sovereignty in exchange for protection, though he ruled in fact as he pleased. He sent troops to southern Italy in 1460 to b…
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