Ptolemy IX Lathyros

Ptolemy IX became heir apparent in 130 BC after his half-brother was murdered during a civil war between their father Ptolemy VIII and grandmother Cleopatra II. When his father died in 116 BC, he took the throne alongside that same grandmother and his mother Cleopatra III — two generations of Cleopatras boxing him in. The arrangement lasted until 107 BC, when his mother decided she preferred his younger brother and deposed him outright. Ptolemy IX seized Cyprus as a consolation prize and from there invaded Judaea, only to have his brother block him from reclaiming Egypt in 103–102 BC. In 88 BC…