The 17th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1623–1640)
The Ottoman sultan who reclaimed absolute power at twenty and ruled through fear—executions for smoking tobacco, brutal campaigns to restore order, a throne soaked in blood and discipline in equal measure.
Murad IV was born in Constantinople on 27 July 1612, the son of Sultan Ahmed I and Kösem Sultan. A palace conspiracy placed him on the Ottoman throne at eleven years old in 1623, succeeding his uncle Mustafa I. For nearly a decade his mother Kösem Sultan ruled as regent until he seized absolute power on 18 May 1632. His reign became defined by the Ottoman–Safavid War, a conflict that partitioned the Caucasus between the two empires for roughly two centuries and laid the groundwork for the modern borders of Turkey, Iran, and Iraq. He restored the authority of a weakened state, but the restorati…
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